A Seminar On Synthesis Of Nano Particles By

Solution Combustion

Presented

By

K. GANAPATHI RAO (13031D6003)

CONTENT

• Introduction.• Preparation Method.• Flowchart.• Procedure.• Calcination.• Advantages.• Precaution.• Applications.

Nano particles

• A material or structure has at least one dimension in the Nano range, which is called as Nanomaterial or Nanostructure.

• Nano is the scale range between in (1-100)nm.

• cm = 10-2m, mm = 10-3m, μm = 10-6m, nm = 10-9m, pm=10-12m

• Atom ≈ 0.1 nm , DNA (width) 2 nm , Protein 5 –50 nm. Virus 75 -100nm , Materials internalized by cells < 100 nm

Nano particles

Nanoparticles of a defined material, e.g. gold or silicon, may exhibit completely different optical, electronic and chemical behaviour compared to bulk gold or silicon.

Nanoparticles often have unexpected visible properties because they are small enough to scatter visible light rather than absorb it.

Gold particles in glass25 nm — red reflected50 nm — green reflected100 nm —orange reflected

What is Synthesis ?

• Synthesis refers to a combination of two or more entities that together form something new.

Synthesis mainly classified into two approaches. 1. Bottom-up approach 2. Top-down approach

Atoms

Molecules

Unit Cell

Grains

Material

Micro Structured

Nano Structured

Bottom-up Top-down

Nano particles

Solution Combustion

SOLUTION COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS

• Solution combustion (SC) is an effective method for synthesis of nano-size materials and it has been used for the production of a variety more than 1000.

• It is a traditional method.

• EX: ZnO, CuO, Fe2O3 Nano particles can synthesized.

STARTSTART

SELECT THE OXIDIZER & FUELSELECT THE OXIDIZER & FUEL

SOLVE THE CHEMICAL EQUATIONSOLVE THE CHEMICAL EQUATION

TAKE PROPORTIONAL QUANTITY OF CHEMICAL AND PUT ON HEATER

TAKE PROPORTIONAL QUANTITY OF CHEMICAL AND PUT ON HEATER

FLOW CHART FOR THE SOLUTION COMBUSTION SYNTHESIS

STOPSTOP

OBSERVE THE PROCESS WHILE HEATING THE MIXEROBSERVE THE PROCESS WHILE HEATING THE MIXER

AFTER COMPLETED PROCESS, TAKE THE MATERIAL COMPLETELY

AFTER COMPLETED PROCESS, TAKE THE MATERIAL COMPLETELY

GO FOR THE CALCINATIONGO FOR THE CALCINATION

Select the chemical

• Choose the chemical such that from which we can get the resultant component.

• Ex: Oxidizer– For CuO Cu(NO3)2 Copper Nitrate

– For ZnO Zn(NO3)2- Zinc Nitrate.

• Choose the fuel such as containing carbon and hydrogen main components

• Ex:• C2H5NO2 Glycine• C6H8O6 Ascorbic acid

CHEMICAL EQUATION

• Cu(NO3)2 + C2H5NO2 CuO + H20 + N2↑ + CO2↑

• Cu(NO3)2 + C6H8O6 CuO + H20 + N2↑ + CO2↑

• Zn(NO3)2 + C2H5NO2 ZnO + H20 + N2↑ + CO2↑

• Zn(NO3)2 + C6H8O6 ZnO + H20 + N2↑ + CO2↑

• From Rocket Fuel Chemistry the oxidation states of H=+1, N=0, O=-2, C=+4, Zn=+2, Cu=+2.

EQUATION BALANCING

ᵠ= FUEL OXIDATION STATE

OXIDIZER OXIDATION STATE

=1

9 Cu(NO3)2 + 10 C2H5NO2 9 CuO + 25 H20 + 14 N2↑ + 20 CO2↑ 20 Cu(NO3)2 + 10 C6H8O6 20 CuO + 40 H20 + 20 N2↑ + 60CO2↑ 9 Zn(NO3)2 + 10C2H5NO2 9 ZnO + 25 H20 + 14 N2↑ + 20 CO2↑ 20 Zn(NO3)2 + 10 C6H8O6 20 ZnO + 40 H20 +20 N2↑ + 60 CO2↑

QUANTITY

• Choose the oxidizer and fuel by calculating the (molecular weight * balancing constant).

• Take the ratio of fuel/ oxidizer.• By using the electrical balance

take the chemicals into butter worth paper.

PROCEDURE

• Dissolve the oxidizer into distilled water and mix up with magnetic stirrer.

PROCEDURE

• Dissolve the oxidizer into distilled water and mix up with magnetic stirrer.

• Add fuel, again stirrer it.

PROCEDURE

• Put the container on electricalheater.

PROCEDURE

• Following steps will takes place– Boiling & frothing– Smoldering– Flaming– Fumes

PROCEDURE

• After cooling the container, collect the material from the container.

• And send for the calcination.

CALCINATION

• Thermal decomposition, phase transition, or removal of a volatile fraction.

• The calcination process normally takes place at temperatures below the melting point of the product materials.

• For CuO, the desired temperature is 6000c and calcined the sample for atleast half an hour so that carbon will reduce to carbon dioxide.

SEM picture of CuO nanoparticles TEM picture of CuO nanoparticles

ADVANTAGE OF SCS

• 20-50 nm size nanoparticles can synthesis.• Less time is required.• No Inert gas in required.• No need of vacuum.• Less cost.

PRECAUTIONS

• Wear masks, gloves, glasses, apron & shoes.

Videos

1234

REFRENCE

• http://whynano.wordpress.com/material-synthesis-and-characterization/

• http://www.science.uwaterloo.ca/~cchieh/cact/c123/oxidstat.html

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_oxidation_states_of_the_elements

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3IDWm3XZxI