solution stoichiometry
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Solution Stoichiometry. Introduction, Concentration of a solution. What will I learn?. What is solution stoichiometry? Define the following terms: solution; solute; solvent; and concentration Calculate concentration based on the amount of solute and the total volume - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Solution Stoichiometry
Introduction, Concentration of a solution
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What will I learn? What is solution stoichiometry? Define the following terms: solution; solute;
solvent; and concentration Calculate concentration based on the amount
of solute and the total volume Convert concentration from mass per unit
volume to number of moles per unit volume
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HU
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Introduction Many reactions can only occur when reactants
are dissolved to form solutions Stoichiometry is the study of
the quantitative composition of chemical substances
the quantitative changes that take place during chemical reactions
1
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Introduction Many reactions can only occur when reactants
are dissolved to form solutions Solution Stoichiometry is the study of
the quantitative composition of solutions the quantitative changes that take place during
chemical reactions that involve solutions
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Clarification of Terms Solution is a homogeneous liquid mixture Solute + Solvent Solution
Smaller quantity
Larger quantity(normally a liquid)
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Clarification of Terms Solution is a homogeneous liquid mixture Solute + Solvent Solution Concentration is a measure of the amount of
solute dissolved in a given volume
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Molar Concentration
Definition:The amount of solute (in moles) per unit volume of solution (in dm3)
Hence, 1 mole of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 solution has molar concentration of 1 moldm-3
Units: moldm-3
Formula:
solution of volume
solute of amount solution a of ionconcentrat
2
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Molar Concentration
Definition:The amount of solute (in moles) per unit volume of solution (in dm3)
Hence, 1 mole of solute dissolved in 1 dm3 solution has molar concentration of 1 moldm-3
Units: moldm-3
Formula:
V
n c
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
a) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the BaCl2 solution formed
333
16.0100.250
040.02
2
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc BaCl
BaCl
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
a) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the BaCl2 solution formed
333
16.0100.250
040.02
2
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc BaCl
BaCl
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
a) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the BaCl2 solution formed
333
16.0100.250
040.02
2
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc BaCl
BaCl
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the amount of BaCl2 in 10.0 cm3 of the above solution
V
nc BaCl
BaCl2
2
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the amount of BaCl2 in 10.0 cm3 of the above solution
333 100.1016.022
dmmoldmVcn BaClBaCl
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the amount of BaCl2 in 10.0 cm3 of the above solution
333 100.1016.022
dmmoldmVcn BaClBaCl
mol3106.1
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
c) Calculate the concentration of Cl- ions in the above solution
)()(2
)(2 2 aqaqaq ClBaBaCl Since
33 32.016.0222
moldmmoldmcc BaClCl
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
c) Calculate the concentration of Cl- ions in the above solution
)()(2
)(2 2 aqaqaq ClBaBaCl Since
33 32.016.0222
moldmmoldmcc BaClCl
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Example 1
0.040 moles of BaCl2 is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 250.0 cm3.
c) Calculate the concentration of Cl- ions in the above solution
)()(2
)(2 2 aqaqaq ClBaBaCl Since
33 32.016.0222
moldmmoldmcc BaClCl
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Example 2
1.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 was dissolved in 250 cm3 of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in moldm-3?
molgmol
g
M
mn CONa 0100.0
)0.16(312)1.23(2
06.1132
333
0400.010250
0100.032
32
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc CONa
CONa
??
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Example 2
1.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 was dissolved in 250 cm3 of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in moldm-3?
molgmol
g
M
mn CONa 0100.0
)0.16(312)1.23(2
06.1132
333
0400.010250
0100.032
32
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc CONa
CONa
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Example 2
1.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 was dissolved in 250 cm3 of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in moldm-3?
molgmol
g
M
mn CONa 0100.0
)0.16(312)1.23(2
06.1132
333
0400.010250
0100.032
32
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc CONa
CONa
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Example 2
1.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 was dissolved in 250 cm3 of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in moldm-3?
molgmol
g
M
mn CONa 0100.0
)0.16(312)1.23(2
06.1132
333
0400.010250
0100.032
32
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc CONa
CONa
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Example 2
1.06 g of anhydrous sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 was dissolved in 250 cm3 of solution. What is the concentration of the solution in moldm-3?
molgmol
g
M
mn CONa 0100.0
)0.16(312)1.23(2
06.1132
333
0400.010250
0100.032
32
moldm
dm
mol
V
nc CONa
CONa
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
3342
342342
)(
)()(
AlSOAl
SOAlSOAlcc
V
n
V
M
m
3
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
3342
342342
)(
)()(
AlSOAl
SOAlSOAlcc
V
n
V
M
m
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
3342
342342
)(
)()(
AlSOAl
SOAlSOAlcc
V
n
V
M
m
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
3342
342342
)(
)()(
AlSOAl
SOAlSOAlcc
V
n
V
M
m
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
molgmol
g
M
mn SOAl 0371.0
)]0.16(41.32[3)0.27(2
7.121342
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
molgmol
g
M
mn SOAl 0371.0
)]0.16(41.32[3)0.27(2
7.121342
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
molgmol
g
M
mn SOAl 0371.0
)]0.16(41.32[3)0.27(2
7.121342
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
molgmol
g
M
mn SOAl 0371.0
)]0.16(41.32[3)0.27(2
7.121342
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
molgmol
g
M
mn SOAl 0371.0
)]0.16(41.32[3)0.27(2
7.121342
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
molgmol
g
M
mn SOAl 0371.0
)]0.16(41.32[3)0.27(2
7.121342
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
)(2
4)(3
)(342 32 aqaqaqSOAlSOAl Since
3333 1042.71017.322
3423
moldmmoldmcc SOAlAl
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
)(2
4)(3
)(342 32 aqaqaqSOAlSOAl Since
3333 1042.71017.322
3423
moldmmoldmcc SOAlAl
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Example 3
What is the concentration in moldm-3 of Al3+ in a solution made by dissolving 12.7 g aluminium sulphate, Al2(SO4)3 in sufficient water to make 100 cm3 of solution?
33
331071.3
10100
0371.0342
342
moldm
dmV
nc
SOAl
SOAl
)(2
4)(3
)(342 32 aqaqaqSOAlSOAl Since
3333 1042.71017.322
3423
moldmmoldmcc SOAlAl
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Other Concentration Units
Sometimes, concentration can be expressed in mass per unit volume
))
33-
(dm solution of volume
(g) solute of mass(gdm ionconcentrat
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Other Concentration Units
Sometimes, concentration can be expressed in mass per unit volume
Units: gdm-3
))
33-
(dm solution of volume
(g) solute of mass(gdm ionconcentrat
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Other Concentration Units
Sometimes, concentration can be expressed in mass per unit volume
Concentration (in gdm-3) can be converted to molar concentration via the equation:
)
))
1-
-33-
(gmol mass molar
(gdm ionconcentrat(moldm ionconcentrat
))
33-
(dm solution of volume
(g) solute of mass(gdm ionconcentrat
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Example 1
2.00 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 150.0 cm3.
a) Calculate the concentration (in gdm-3) of the NaOH solution formed
))
33-
(dm solution of volume
(g) solute of mass(gdm ionconcentrat
33100.150 dm
2.00g
33.13 gdm
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Example 1
2.00 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 150.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the solution above
)
))
1-
-33-
(gmol mass molar
(gdm ionconcentrat(moldm ionconcentrat
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Example 1
2.00 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 150.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the solution above
)
))
1-
-33-
(gmol mass molar
(gdm ionconcentrat(moldm ionconcentrat
3
11333.0
401160.23
moldmgmolgmol
-3-3 13.3gdm13.3gdm
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Example 1
2.00 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 150.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the solution above
)
))
1-
-33-
(gmol mass molar
(gdm ionconcentrat(moldm ionconcentrat
3
11333.0
401160.23
moldmgmolgmol
-3-3 13.3gdm13.3gdm
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Example 1
2.00 g of NaOH is dissolved in water to give a final volume of 150.0 cm3.
b) Calculate the concentration (in moldm-3) of the solution above
)
))
1-
-33-
(gmol mass molar
(gdm ionconcentrat(moldm ionconcentrat
3
11333.0
401160.23
moldmgmolgmol
-3-3 13.3gdm13.3gdm
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What have I learnt? What is solution stoichiometry? Define the following terms: solution; solute;
solvent; and concentration Calculate concentration based on the amount
of solute and the total volume Convert concentration from mass per unit
volume to number of moles per unit volume
End of Lecture 1