solutions solubility - henry’s law. solvation review 1. 1. explain the difference between a...
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Solutions
Solubility - Henry’s LawSolubility - Henry’s Law
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Solvation ReviewSolvation Review1. Explain the difference between a
homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture.2. Give an example of a solute and an example
of a solvent.3. What states of matter can solutions consist
of?4. Explain the difference between soluble and
insoluble. Give an example of a substance soluble in water and a substance insoluble in water.
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Solvation ReviewSolvation Review
5. Explain the terms miscible and immiscible and give an example of each.
6. What is the difference between a soluble substance and a miscible substance?
7. Describe the Tyndall Effect and the type of mixture it affects.
8. What are the three factors that affect the rate of solvation?
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Temperature and SolubilityTemperature and Solubility As temperature is increased the
solubility of a solid solute will generally increase, with a few exceptions:
• As the temperature is increased, the solubility of a gas will decrease. At higher temperatures the gas molecules move much faster than they do a lower temperatures. So as a general rule gases are less soluble in hot liquids than in cool liquids.
That is why in the summer time there are a lot of fish kills in some estuaries due to the water being warmer and less oxygen available for the fish.
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Pressure and Solubility – Henry’s Law
Henry’s Law – The solubility of any gas increases as the external pressure is increased
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Pressure and Solubility – Henry’s Law
Example: carbonated beverages – once you “pop the top” on a Coke, the external pressure has been reduced, and the solubility of the CO2 goes down. This is why Coke goes “flat” in a very short amount of time.
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Henry’s LawHenry’s Law
P = kC P= Pressure of a gas k= Henry’s Law Constant C=concentration of the gas
Calculate the amount, grams, of CO2 dissolved in 1.6 L of soda if the manufacturer uses a pressure of 2.4 atm of CO2 to carbonate the soda.
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Henry’s Law Practice Henry’s Law Practice Problems Problems
This equation also describes Henry’s Law:S1 = S2 ‘s’ = solubility
P1 P2 ‘p’ = pressure
1.If 0.55 g of a gas dissolves in 1.0 L of water at 2 atm of pressure, how much will dissolve at 4.5 atm of pressure?
2. A gas has a solubility of 0.66 g/L at 10 atm of pressure. What is the pressure on a 1.0 L sample that contains 1.5 g of gas?
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Henry’s Law Practice Henry’s Law Practice Problems IProblems IS1/P1 = S2/P2
3. If .68 g of a gas at 5 atm of pressure dissolves in 1.0 L of water at 25oC, how much will dissolve in 1.0 L of water at 8 atm of pressure and the same temperature?
4. A gas has a solubility of 1.46 g/L at 8 atm of pressure. What is the pressure of a 1.0 L sample that contains 2.7 g/L?
5. If 1.2 g of a gas at 6 atm of pressure dissolves in 1.0 L of water at 25oC, how much will dissolve in 1.0 L of water at 3 atm of pressure and the same temperature?