Solutions &

Solubility

Solution Humour :)

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Terms to Know

• Solution

• Homogeneous mixture

• Solvent

• Solute

• Variable composition

• Aqueous solution

• Miscible

• Immiscible

• Alloys

• Amalgam

• Solubility

• Saturated solution

• Unsaturated solution

Do you still remember how to classify matter?

Think-Pair-Share

List examples of:

soluble substances

insoluble substances

solutions

Share your list with your partner

Where does it belong?

•Put each mixture in column A or B. Justify your choice! sand in water, pop, vinegar in oil, gasoline, clear apple juice, brass, soil, silver-coloured dental fillings, smoke, chlorinated pool water, a jar of jelly beans, latex paint, compressed air in a scuba tank, chlorine bleach, pure liquid honey, chicken soup, humidity

A B

blood 24 karat gold

concrete air freshener

What is a Solution?• A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or

more substances.• Homogeneous – has only one phase – either solid,

liquid or gas

• The solvent does the dissolving and is usually present in the largest amount.

• an aqueous solution has water as solvent

• The solute is the substance dissolved in the solution.

• Pure substances have fixed composition (H2O, 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen), solutions are variable depending on the ratio of solvent to solute.

Definitions

Solution Solution

- - homogeneous mixture

Solvent Solvent - present in greater amount

Solute Solute - substance being dissolved

Types of Solutions

•We all know a transparent, coloured liquid in a test tube is a solution but…

• Can a solid or gas be a solution?

• YES! It can.• Eg. Air – 78% N2, 21% O2, 0.9% Ar, 0.03% CO2

•There are many different types of solutions. Can you think of some?

Types of Solutions

Teacher Demonstration•How can you determine whether two

liquids dissolve in each other?• Did the liquids in the first step dissolve in each other?

• Which liquid did the food colouring dissolve in?

• Did Lugol’s solution colour the oil, the water or both?

Teacher Demonstration

•Lava Lamp in a Bottle

How does this work?

Think about it……..

Solubility

•The maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent at a specific T (temperature)

•Solubility is dependent on many factors but temperature and volume of solvent are the most important.

•A saturated solution is formed when no more solute is able to dissolve and there is excess solute present.

– A saturated solution represents an equilibrium: the rate of dissolving is equal to the rate of crystallization. The salt continues to dissolve, but crystallizes at the same rate so that there “appears” to be nothing happening.

Solubility

SATURATED SOLUTIONno more solute dissolves

UNSATURATED SOLUTIONmore solute dissolves

SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONbecomes unstable, crystals form

concentration

Mind Maps

In partners, create ONE mind map using the following terms:

solubility solute saturated

solution unsaturated supersaturated

heterogeneous solvent aqueous solution

homogeneous precipitate temperature

Homework

Based on what you observed and discussed today, explain how the lava lamp demo worked.•Learning Check Q’s

p357 #1, 5, 6