solutions & the dissolving process lg: i can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Solutions & The Dissolving Process
LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water
![Page 2: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Forces at Work• Inter- and intramolecular forces can be used
to explain many of the properties of solutions• Intramolecular forces– Covalent bonds– Ionic bonds
• Intermolecular forces– Dipole-Dipole– London Dispersion– Hydrogen bonds
![Page 3: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What makes water so special?
• It is often called the “universal solvent”• Many substances, but not all, dissolve in water
• Water is a good solvent for 3 reasons:– Small size – polar– Capable of hydrogen bonding
![Page 4: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ionic Solutes in Water• Ionic compounds have strong bonds and high melting
points but tend to dissolve easily in water– Positive hydrogen atoms
are attracted to anions in ionic compounds
– Negative oxygen atoms are attracted to cations in ionic compounds
– The process of ions separating from a crystal is called dissociation
– Ex. NaCl(s) Na+(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
– Na2CO3(s) 2 Na+(aq) + CO3
2-(aq)
Hydration
![Page 5: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Molecular Solutes in Water• Molecular compounds vary in their ability to dissolve
in water; it depends on whether the molecule is polar and capable of hydrogen bonding
• If a molecular compound dissolves, the molecule remains intact
![Page 6: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Molecular Solutes (cont)
• Liquids that mix easily are said to be ‘miscible’– Water and ethanol mix easily
because both are polar and capable of hydrogen bonds
• Liquids that do not mix easily are ‘immiscible’– Oil and water do not mix because water
molecules are more strongly attracted to each other
“Like Dissolves Like”
![Page 7: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Surfactants & Emulsifiers• Surfactants and emulsifiers both contain a polar end
and a non-polar end which help molecules with different polarity mix– Surfactants (for cleaning): soaps and detergents– Emulsifiers (for cooking): egg and mustard
![Page 8: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Activity: Psychedelic Milk!
• Materials:– Detergent, milk, plate, food colouring, Q-tips
• Instructions:– Add about 1cm of milk to the dish– Put a few drops of different colours of food
colouring onto 3 spots on the surface of the milk– Dip a Q-tip in detergents and place it somewhere
in the milk
![Page 9: Solutions & The Dissolving Process LG: I can explain the behaviour of molecular and ionic compound in water](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032605/56649e765503460f94b7829d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
HomeworkPg. 389 # 1 – 8, 12, 15