some comments on civil engineering coupling with
TRANSCRIPT
SOME COMMENTS ON CIVIL ENGINEERING COUPLING
WITH INFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES FOR NATURAL
DISASTER RISK MITIGATION IN BULGARIA
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
UACG, NIGGG-BAS
M. Kouteva*, 1, L.Pashova**, Kr. Boshnakov*
* UACEG, Sofia, Bulgria, www.uacg.bg, 1- corresponding author: [email protected]
** NIGGG-BAS, Sofia, Bulgaria, www.bas.bg
Sofia, June 2016
From the Stafford Act
2 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
A FEMA Definition of Disaster
“An occurrence that has resulted in property damage,
deaths, and/or injuries to a community”. (FEMA, 1990)
“Major Disaster: Any natural catastrophe. . . or, regardless of cause, any fire, flood, or
explosion, in any part of the United States, which, in the determination of the President,
causes damage of sufficient severity and magnitude to warrant major disaster assistance. . .
to supplement the efforts and available resources of States, local governments, and disaster
relief organizations in alleviating the damage, loss, hardship, or suffering caused thereby.”
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
A “Comprehensive” definition
3 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
A U.N. Definition of Disaster
““A serious disruption of the functioning of
society, causing widespread human, material, or
environmental losses which exceed the ability of
affected society to cope using only its own
resources.”
(U.N., 1992)
“A disaster is a non-routine event that exceeds thecapacity of the affected area to respond to it in sucha way as to save lives; to preserve property; and tomaintain the social, ecological, economic, andpolitical stability of the affected region.”
(Pearce, 2000)
“… any natural or manmade incident, including terrorism, that result in extraordinary levels of mass
causalities, damage, or disruption severely affecting the population, infrastructure, environment, economy,
national morale, and/or government functions”
(US Dpt of Homeland Security National Response Framework, Chapter 2: Response Actions, 42.
Available at http://www.fema.gov/pdf/emergencynrf/nrf-core.odf/)
A FEMA Definition of Catastrophe
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
Basic Definitions
4 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
Hazard
Disaster
Risk
Vulnerability
ResilienceGuide for DRM Systems Analysis
Definitions from ISDR Terminology version 2007
(www.unisdr.org/terminology)
Natural
Geological;
Hydrological;
Meteorological;
Biological.
Technogenic / man-made
Technological;
Industrial;
Security related (terrorism).
Defining by Characteristics1. Length of forewarning
2. Magnitude of impact
3. Geographical scope of impact
4. Duration of impact
5. Speed of onset
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
Natural Disaster in Bulgaria
5 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
N DISASTERSAREA, WHICH COULD
BE AFFECTEDMAJOR CRITERIA CONSEQUENCES
GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA
1 Earthquakes regional* Intensity – up to 12 degrees (MSK) Soil displacements, cracks, land slides, fires, damage and collapse, human
losses, ecological catastrophes
2 Slope failures (landslides, landslips,
creep, falls, flows, subsidence)
local** Mass and velocity flow Rock mass, material loss, human losses
3 Mud-rock flows local Mass, velocity flow Mud- stone flow , material loss, human losses
4 Erosion and abrasion local Process intensity and speed Dislocations, collapses, material loss, human losses
5 Storm surge local hurricane winds
Speed > 40km/h
Dislocations, collapses, material loss, human losses
6 Tsunami local sea floor displacement or triggering of slumps Dislocations, collapses, material loss, human losses
HYDROLOGICAL AND METEOROLOGICAL PROCESSES AND PHENOMENA
7 Floods regional, local Racing the river level Flooding of riparian zones, material loss, human losses
8 Snow flows and glaciations regional, local Quality of snow falls over 20 mm in 12 hours Snowdrift - difficulties for road infrastructure
9 Drought regional, local High temperatures and low humidity Damage in agriculture, reducing soil fertility, fire
10 Temperature extreme regional, local Temperature material loss, human losses
11 thunderstorm local intensity material loss, human losses
12 Tornado phenomena local Speed > 30m/s material loss
13 Dust storms regional, local High temperatures and low humidity, dusting Damage in agriculture, reducing soil fertility, fire
14 Hailstorms local Icy grain size, intensity Damage in agriculture
15 Wet snow local Quantity and moisture content of snow Damage to forests, orchards, electricity supply network
16 Fog (coastal, evaporation, radiation,
valley, upslope)
regional, local Horizontal visibility at distances less than 500 м Transport, clean air
17 Silver thaw local intensity transport, agriculture
18 Wild land fire regional, local Temperature Thermal effects, material losses, damage to the biosphere and soil
19 Strong wind regional, local Speed > 15m/s material loss
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
6 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
landslides
floods
earthquakes
snowstorms
windstorms
draugth
icestorms
hailstorms
Natural Disasters in Bulgaria
Disaster Risk Management
Preparedness
Disaster
Disaster Response
Rehabilitation / Reconstruction
Prevention / Mitigation
PRE - DISASTER
DISASTER RESPONSE
POST - DISASTER
7 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
Total Disaster Risk Management - Good Practices,
Chapter 2 -Asian Disaster Reduction CentreGuide for DRM Systems Analysis
DISASTER RISK MANAGEMENT
SYSTEMS ANALYSIS
ENVIRONMENT, CLIMATE CHANGE AND
BIOENERGY DIVISION
FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANISATION OF
THE UNITED NATIONS; ROME, JANUARY 2008
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
8 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
BDS EN 1998-1:2005/NA:2012 - 475 years return period
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
Legislation framework for design and construction
http://212.122.182.105/mrrgisv1/ GIS portal MRDUP
BDS EN 1998-1:2005/NA:2012 - 1000 years return period
9 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
Legislation framework for design and construction
http://212.122.182.105/mrrgisv1/
GIS portal MRDUP
10 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
FLOODPLAINS
http://forest.jrc.ec.europa.eu/effis/applications/current-situation/
Fire Danger Forecast
11 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
Natural Disasters in Bulgaria - landslides
Map of landslide distribution in 403 regions (after Bruchev et al, 2007)
http://varna.geozashtita.bg/
http://varna.geozashtita.bg/; http://pernik.geozashtita.bg/; http://pleven.geozashtita.bg/;
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
Disaster Risk Management
12/???UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
GIS and Earthquake Risk ManagementSPATIAL DATA COMPATIBILITY
INSPIRE Directive 2007/2 of the the EC Annex III
Theme 12 – Natural risk zones
13 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
Civil Engineering IT NDRM
Smart Input Controlled Output
Mitigating Consequences
NDRM Contemporary approaches
Legislation
Monitoring
Information systems
Early warning
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
14 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM in Bulgaria - LegislationNDRM in Bulgaria - Legislation
1. Ministry of Interior Law;
2. Disaster Protection Law;
3. Spatial Planning Law;
4. Administrative Violations and Punishments Law;
5. Forests Law;
6. Environmental Protection Law;
7. Waters Law;
8. Road Traffic Law;
9. Rules for Application of Ministry of Interior Law;
10. Code for Administrative Procedures;
11. Regulations for the Structure and Activity of The Consultative Council for Assistance to
Council of Ministers for Formation of State Policy in the Field of Disaster Protection;
12. Regulations for Organization and Activity of Inter-departments Commission for Recovery
and Facilitation to Council of Ministers;
13. ... etc....
LEGAL FRAMEWORK, REGULATIONS, DIRECTIVES, ORDINANCES, INSTRUCTIONS ETC. DOCUMENTS;
DEPARTMENT RULES, INSTRUCTIONS, ORDINANCES;
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
15 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
Strategy for Disaster Risk Reduction 2014 -2020;
Strategy for National Security ;
National Plan for Disaster Protection ;
National Program for Disaster Protection;
National Strategy for Critical Infrastructure Protection;
Departments Orders, Instructions, Rules and Ordinances;
National Early-Warning System (НСРПО);
Methods for Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment;
Methods for Floods Hazard and Risk Assessment;
•... ... ...
Initiatives related to NDRM in Bulgaria
16 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM Contemporary approaches
Earthquakes Floods Storms Landslides
PR
EV
EN
TIO
N/
WE
AK
EN
ING
Earthquake resistant design
and construction;
Rehabilitation / strengthening /
of vulnerable structures;
Seismic isolation and Seismic
control system.
Construction of dams,
dikes and embankments;
Afforestation;
Construction of pools /
reservoir for flood
control.
Breakwater
construction;
Afforestation – creation
of woodland/forests;
Construction of dams
and dikes for soil erosion
limitation;
Construction of
revetments.
PR
EP
AR
ED
NE
SS
/
RE
AD
INE
SS
Implementation of seismic
monitoring systems;
Implementation of early
warning systems /automatic
shut down/.
Implementation of systems
for meteorological
monitoring.
Shelters, protection;
Implementation and use
of environment and
meteorological
monitoring systems.
Implementation of systems
for meteorological
monitoring.
Preparation of maps of hazards;
Risk assessment by quality and quantity;
Information systems and data bases for risk assessment;
Provision of water, food and materials reserves;
Trainings for emergency situations;
Establishment of early warning systems;
Preparation of emergency sets.
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
17 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM Contemporary approaches
Earthquakes Floods Storms Landslides
RE
AC
TIO
N
Rescue operations
First aid
Fire fighting
Monitoring for secondary disasters
Emergent strengthening of affected construction
Construction of temporary housing
Establishing of temporary tent-villages
RE
HA
BIL
ITA
TIO
N /
RE
CO
NS
TR
UC
TIO
N
Stable reconstruction
Planning of land usage
Auxiliary means for subsistence
Planning for industrial rehabilitation
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
18 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
19 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
Sofia, June 2016
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
20 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
Relevant Earthquake Risk Sources and Risk Elements
VULNERABILITY
Earthquake
HAZARD
Induced impacts
Related / associated / factors
Buildings
Human losses
Critical infrastructure
Floods
Fires
Hazardous materials
Debris / Smothering /
dust , etc.
Direct and induced socio-economic losses
Direct impacts and damages
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT
21 / 22UACG, NIGGG-BAS
CMDR ANNUAL CONFERENCE INTERAGENCY INTERACTION IN CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND DISASTER RESPONSE 2016
Conclusive Remarks and Future Work
Harmonization and unification of all data sets in accordance with national and
European legislation;
Unification of maps format and attribute tables, organizing them in a common
database of criteria for express expert risk assessment for large areas exposed to the
seismic risk;
Future integration of IIDS in Web-based GIS environment.
NDREstimation is based on vast variety of information sources – geospatial
information in broad temporal and spatial coverage is coupled with ND hazard
assessments and common and particular vulnerability data;
Reliable NDRisk Estimation requires thorough collaborative multidisciplinary efforts to
assess and integrate the available databases performed with relevant sharing of
information;
NDRM --> COUPING CIVIL ENG & IT