Some of the applications of Photonic Crystals (by no means a

complete overview)Prof. Maksim Skorobogatiy

École Polytechnique de Montréal

Hollow planar waveguides, resonators

Planar antiresonant reflecting optical (ARROW) waveguides, SiN/SiO2 (2.1/1.46)

D. Yin et al. 14 June 2004 / Vol. 12, No. 12 / OPTICS EXPRESS 2710

dc~3.7m

12m

Capillary1 layer

2 layers3 layers

Sensor applications - putting the light where the analyte (gas) is

Tunable multichannel optical filter based on silicon photonic band gap materials actuation

Y. Yi Et Al., Applied Physics Letters Volume 81, Number 22 25 November 2002

Si

SiO2Tuneable air gap

Membrane

PBG

Excitation of a defect mode in the air gap

Elastic deformation of a membrane by applying voltage

Coupling to PC components from conventional WG and fibers

Coupling to photonic crystals from conventional WG and fibers

Evanescent field coupling

Fiber mode

PCWG mode

TM-like gap

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

freq

uenc

y (c

/a)

even (TE-like) bandsodd (TM-like) bands

X M

( = 12, r=0.2 a, h=2 a)

Evanescent field, and direct coupling, fiber - PCWG

Extended field coupling, external beam - PCWG light cone

Extended field coupling

External focused beam

Direct coupling

Fiber mode PCWG mode

Adiabatic theorem and continuous coupled-mode theory for efficient taper transitions in photonic crystals

S.G. Johnson et al. PHYSICAL REVIEW E 66, 066608 2002

Butt coupled waveguide and a 2D Pxtal

Wrong taper, tapered PC mirror has a PBG at the WG transmission frequency

Correct taper, an“unzipping” PC Mirror

Design of photonic crystal waveguides for evanescent coupling to optical fiber tapers and integration with

high-Q cavities

Barclay et al., J. Opt. Soc. Am. B/Vol. 20, No. 11/November 2003

Point where fiber mode is phase matched with a PC WG mode

Coupling between a point-defect cavity and a line-defect waveguide in three-dimensional photonic crystal

M. Okano et al., PHYSICAL REVIEW B 68, 235110 ~2003!

Line defect (removed rod) and a point defect are designed to operate at a common frequency of interest

Position of a waveguide has to be chosen accordingly as to guarantee a high quality factor of the WG – resonator system

Anomalous PC Refraction

Ultracompact high-efficiency polarizing beam splitter with a hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structure

S. Kim et al., OPTICS LETTERS / Vol. 28, No. 23 / December 1, 2003

Ez(TM)No phase matching between an incident WG mode and an extended PC mode.

Hz(TE)Incident WG mode is phase matched to an an extended PC mode + Brewster angle

Constant frequency contours

kin

kparallel

Aperiodic nanophotonic design - do we really need a PC to stay cool

I.L. Gheorma Et Al., Journal Of Applied Physics Volume 95, Number 3 1 February 2004

PC’s can be designed to refract the beam in a complex way

Aperiodically positioned scatterers can do the same job even better

Resonant leaky modes above the cladding light line. Lasing.

TE-like gap

even (TE-like) bandsodd (TM-like) bands

M K

( = 12, r=0.3 a, h=0.5 a)

light cone

Resonant leaky modes above the light line

Truly guided modes below the light line

Waveguide tapers and waveguide bends in AlGaAs-based two-dimensional photonic crystals (e-beam)

Dinu et al. Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 83, No. 22, 1 December 2003

core=3.4

2m

theoryexp

quantum dot with a broad band emission

HeNe Propagation in resonant modes above the light line

exp theory

PBG

Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals

(laser dye in organic layer, core)

(cladding)

M. Meier et al., Applied Physics Letters Volume 74, Number 1 4 January 1999

Symmetry points of zero group velocity due to band splitting. Standing waves -distributed feed back lasing

Two guided modes in a slab

Lasing at M point

light cone

Evidence for bandedge lasing in a two-dimensional photonic bandgap polymer laser

N. Moll Et Al., Applied Physics Letters Volume 80, Number 5 4 February 2002

TE

TM

(organic gain media, core)

clad

resonant leaky modes above the light line

Slow Light

Two-dimensional coupled photonic crystal resonator arrays

H. Altug and J. Vuckovic, Applied Physics Letters, Volume 84, Number 2 12 January 2004

Very flat bands - considerably reduced group velocity for all directions.Application in optical delay lines, low-treshold lasers, non-linear phenomena.