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SOME TIPS FOR RENDERING THE TEXT

THE PLAN FOR RENDERING THE TEXT

1. The title of the text

2. The author of the text (story, article)

The text is written by ...

3. The main idea of the text

The text is about Z.

The text is devoted to ...

The text deals with ...

4. The contents of the text (some facts, names, figures)

The author starts telling the readers (about, that)...

The author writes (states, stresses, thinks, points out) that

The text describes...

The main characters of the text are ...

According to the text ...

Further the author says that ...

The text goes on to say ...In conclusion ...

The author comes to the conclusion that

5. Your opinion of the text

I found the text interesting (important, exciting, funny, amusing, boring, too hard to understand).USEFUL PHRASES

As far as I know

I think

I hope

I suggestI believe

I guess

I suppose

I mean

In my opinion

To tell the truthThe thing is that

The fact is that

The point is that

They say

I am afraid

Most unlikelyUnfortunately

If I am not mistaken

Frankly speaking

Most likely

Actually (In fact)

It seems to meThe trouble is that

The problem is thatCONNECTING WORDS AND PHRASES

1. Enumerating/stressing facts:

above all, chiefly, (especially, finally, first(ly)/ second(ly). in the first place, last(ly),

mainly, primarily, principally, to begin with, then.2. Making an addition; reinforcing:

additionally/in addition, again, also, another thing is that..., apart from this, aside from

that, as well as that, besides, for that matter, furthermore, indeed, moreover, what is more3. Stating an alternative:

alternatively, apart from this, conversely, except for, excepting, instead, so far as.4. Giving an example:

according to, as far as...is concerned, for example, for instance, namely, such as.5. Making a comparison or a contrast:

as compared to, by/in comparison with, conversely, equally, however, in contrast,

in reality, in the same way, likewise.6. Making a concession:

admittedly, after all, all the same, anyhow, anyway, at all events, at any rate, at least, at the

same time, despite this, however, I grant you, in so far as, nevertheless, none the less.

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7. Making something clear:

I mean.... in other words, put another way, to put it differently, that is to say.8. Time references:

afterwards, at the same time, concurrently, in the meantime, meanwhile, subsequently.9. Showing results/causes:

accordingly, as a result, because of this, by this means, consequently, for this reason,

hence, in the event, in this way, on account of this, owing to this, so, therefore, thus.10. Summarizing:

all in all, all told, and sol forth, and so on, essentially, in brief, in conclusion, in effect,in short, to all intents and purposes, to conclude, to sum up, to summarize, ultimately.11. Moving to a different topic:

as tar as...is concerned, as for, as regards, as to that, by the by, by the way, coincidentally,

funnily enough, incidentally, in passing, to return to. Well..., with reference to.

SOME VIEWPOINT ADVERBS1 = Im sure of the facts:

actually, as a matter of tact, certainly, clearly, definitely, honestly, in actual fact, naturally,

obviously, really, strictly speaking.

2 = Im less sure of myself / the facts:apparently, arguably, as far as I know, at a guess, by all accounts, evidently, maybe,

perhaps, possibly, probably, quite likely.3 = Im making a generalization:

as a (general) rule, basically, by and large, for the most part, in general, in principle,

in a way, normally, on the whole, to a great extent.4 = am going to be brief:

anyhow, briefly, in brief, in effect, in a few words, in short, to put it simply.5 = Im expressing my opinion:

as far as Im concerned, frankly (speaking), in my opinion, in my view,

personally I think..., in all frankness, in all honesty, to put it bluntly.6 = I dont want you to repeat this:

between ourselves, between you and me, confidentially, in strict confidence.7 = You wont believe this:

amazingly, astonishingly, curiously, funnily ! enough, incredibly, oddly enough,

strangely, surprisingly, to my amazement, to my surprise.8 = Its just as I expected:

characteristically, inevitably, logically, naturally, needless to say, not surprisingly,

of course, plainly, predictably, typically.

9 = Im pleased / Im not pleased:

agreeably, annoyingly, foolishly, fortunately, happily, ideally, interestingly, luckily,

mercifully, preferably, regrettably, sadly, unfortunately, unhappily, unwisely, wisely.SOME NEGATIVE ADVERBS / ADVERB PHRASES

barely, hardly...when, hardly ever, least of all, little, never, never again, never before, at no

time, by no means, in / under no circumstances, in no way. on no account, on no condition

no sooner...than..., neither...nor, not a..., not only..but..., not until/till, nowhere, only after

only at that moment, only by. only if, only in some respects, only later, only on rare

occasions, only then, only when, only with, rarely, scarcely...when, scarcely ever, seldom