SOMEWHERE . . . OVER THE BRAINBOW . . . The Central Nervous System, Peripheral Nervous System, the Neuron, and other stuff!

FUN FACTS ABOUT LE BRAIN. Neurons: Milky Way

100 Billion-

300 Billion-

15ft-

10 minutes-

No pain

4 times around the earth!

Convolutions are Key!!!

Gyri and Sulci

OUTLINE: HERE’S WHAT WE’RE GOING TO LEARN!

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM: The Purpose of the Nervous

System The different parts of the

CNS/PNS Anatomy of a neuron Synapse Transmission of a signal Major Parts/Function of the brain

WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM?

1. It acts as a network with all the nerve cells throughout your whole body.

2. It controls all the systems in your body by sending messages in between your brain and your body.

3. It stores memories, and allows you to think.

ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

CNS: PNS: Autonomic + Somatic Sympathetic + Parasympathetic

THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

SYMPATHETIC VS. PARASYMPATHETIC

NEURON ANATOMY Sensory neurons carry

signals from the outer parts of your body (periphery) into the central nervous system.

Motor neurons (motoneurons) carry signals from the central nervous system to the outer parts (muscles, skin, glands) of your body.

Interneurons connect various neurons within the brain and spinal cord.

BREAK IT DOWN. Cell Body (Soma)- Control

center / Recycling center

Dendrites- Receive signals from other neurons

Axon- Conducts signals away from the cell body to terminals

Myelin Sheath- Speeds neural signaling

Dendrites Axon

Cell Body

Myelin Sheath

Neuron Photoshoot!

Neurons and astrocytes isolated from rat hippocampus stained for DNA (blue), neuronal-specific βIII-tubulin (green) and astrocyte-specific GFAP (red)

LARGEST NEURONS: I “CEPHA-LOVE” GIANT AXONS! UP TO 1 MM THICK!!!!!!

Unbelievable.

SYNAPSE: SIGNALING JUNCTION

Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine

Inhibitory Endorphin Dopamine Seratonin

Excitatory Norepinephrine Epinephrine

LIGHTS, CAMERA, ACTION POTENTIAL! STEPS FOR AP! 1. Action Potential arrives

at axon terminal 2. Ca channels open, Ca

enters axon terminal 3. Ach is released into

cleft, Ca is pumped out of axon terminal

4. Ach binds to receptors 5. Action Pot. is generated

and propogated 6. Causes release of Ca

ions 7. Ca ions trigger muscle

contraction

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yQ-wQsEK21E

THE BRAIN!!!!! A NICE, SWEET MEAT!

Separated into two hemispheres Right= Creative Left= Analytical

Connected by Corpus Collosum

Consists of 4 lobes Frontal Lobe Parietal Lobe Temporal Lobe Occipital Lobe

FRONTAL LOBE:

Functions of the frontal lobe! Emotions Reasoning Planning Movement Parts of speech Creativity Judgement Problem-solving Planning

TEMPORAL LOBE:

Functions of the Temporal Lobe: Hearing Memory Meaning Language Emotion Learning Interpreting and

processing auditory stimuli

PARIETAL LOBE:

Functions of the Parietal Lobes:

Processing of nerve impulses related to senses Touch Pain Taste Pressure Temperature

Language

OCCIPITAL LOBE:

Functions of the Occipital Lobe: Object Recognition Vision

CORTICAL HOMUNCULI