sos psy100 final practice questions.pdf

UofT SOS: PSY100 Final Exam

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!PSY100 Practice Questions for the Final Exam !!

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Fundamental Insights and Research Methods

1) ______________ is the belief that all events are governed by lawful, cause and effect relationships:

a) Psychophysics b) Determinism c) Empiricism d) The Scientific Method e) None of the above !2) _______ are the details that define the _______ for the purpose of a specific study a) Data, variables b) Variables, data c) variables, operational definitions d) Operational definitions, variables e) Operational definitions, data !3) Professional psychologist Dr. Rogers is called to a patients house, and when he arrives, he sees the patient with a rake through his head. Luckily, the patient doesnt die. Dr. Rogers decides to do a study of this lucky man, and five years later, publishes research on the behaviour changes due to his injuries. This is an example of: a) a hypothesis driven study b) A longitudinal study c) Naturalistic observations d) A replication based study e) A case study !4) Magnolia Magical Flowers advertises on their website that smelling their flowers and believing in magic will make you lose weight. They claim scientists have shown that their customers lose on average about 50 pounds. What characteristics of poor research are occurring in this situation? a) Data is not falsifiable b) Appealing to an authority c) Anecdotal Evidence is being used d) Data selection bias e) A and C f) A and D !!!!


5) Margaret is going to do a psychological study of how people react to fear. She puts on a creepy mask, hides in the bushes and jumps out at people passing by, while her friend records their reactions. After, she posts them online to share her results. What would a Research and Ethics Board be upset about in this situation? a) Lack of informed consent b) Deception c) Anonymity d) All of the above e) A and B f) A and C !6) If a researcher sets up a study in which the study materials are given to the participants in an envelope with the contents unknown to the researcher, this is an example of a strategy to avoid !

a) operational bias b) the experimenter expectancy effect c) the Hawthorne effect d) self-report bias e) the self-selection effect !

The Embodied Mind: !7) The primary purpose of a single neuron is to _______ ! a) Synthesize neurotransmitters b) Receive information and transmit information c) Cause muscle movements d) Provide nourishment for glial cells e) All of the above !8) What region of the neuron receives the input of chemical messages from the other neurons a) The pre-synaptic terminal button b) The post-synaptic terminal button c) The post - synaptic dendrite d) The pre-synaptic dendrite e) The axon !9) The Frontal Lobe is directly involved in a) Regulating body temperature b) Balance and Coordination c) Thought and Planning d) All of the above e) Just A and B


10) Which of the following brain regions is critically involved in the formation of memories, especially in fearful situations ! a) The hippocampus b) The amygdala c) They hypothalamus d) The frontal lobes e) The basal ganglia !11) The neurotransmitter Acetylcholine is a) Involved in movement and attention b) considered the main inhibitory transmitter c) involved in the regulation of sleep d) only active in the peripheral nervous system (not the central nervous system) e) is responsible for arousal and alertness !12) The primary ions involved in producing an action potential are: ! a) Potassium and lithium b) Sodium and hydrogen c) Sodium and potassium d) Potassium and hydrogen e) Potassium, sodium and hydrogen !13) Lower levels of this neurotransmitter are associated with depression a) Serotonin b) Dopamine c) GABA d) Adrenaline e) Acetylcholine !14) What structure in the brain used to be surgically severed to help epilepsy patients? a) hypothalamus b) amygdala c) corpus callosum d) hippocampus e) pituitary gland !!!!!


15) A split brain patient is presented with a picture of a bathtub flashed in the right visual field, and a picture of a car flashed in the left visual field. They are asked to point to 2 pictures that are most related to the images they saw. They are most likely to point to a ________ with their left hand and a ________ with their right hand. a) car wheel, soap b) soap, car wheel c) soap, soap d) car wheel, car wheel e) they can only point with their right hand !16) Phineas Gage was a railroad foreman who's brain was damaged when a metal spike went through his ________. He used to be kind and agreeable before the accident, however after his injury, he became mean and disagreeable. This is significant because it indicates that _______ is in this lobe of the brain. ! a) occipital lobe, personality b) occipital lobe, agreeableness c) frontal lobe, agreeableness d) temporal lobe, hearing e) frontal lobe, personality !17) Dan is riding his motorcycle on the 407, when he is rear ended by an SUV changing lanes improperly. He lands on the pavement very hard, and in the process, hits his head. When he wakes up in the hospital, Dan realizes that he can no longer see. The lobe that was most likely damaged during the accident is: ! a) the temporal lobe b) the parietal lobe c) the frontal lobe d) the occipital lobe e) the left hemisphere !Sensation and Perception !18) You are walking down the road and see a bright light flash in front of you. This is an example of: ! a) Perception b) Sensation c) Transduction d) A and B e) B and C !!


19) Which of the following nerves are associated with the perception of taste? a) Facial nerve b) Glossopharyngeal nerve c) Vagus nerve d) None of the above e) A, B and C !!20) Which of the following senses has the most direct route to the brain? a) Sight b) Sound c) Smell d) Taste e) Touch !21) The thin layer of tissue in the nasal cavity embedded with small receptors is called a) The olfactory bulb b) The olfaction centre c) The olfaction tissue d) The olfactory epithelium e) The gustatory centre !22) The ossicles are three tiny bones that transfer the eardrums vibrations to the oval window. What are they called? ! a) the cochlea, anvil and hammer b) the anvil, the stirrup and the hammer c) the thalamus, the stirrup and the hammer d) the wrench, the hammer, and the screwdriver e) these are all ridiculous options !23) The thin inner surface of the back of the eyeball that contains photoreceptors is called the: ! a) The cornea b) The retina c) The pupil d) The iris e) The fovea !24) The retinal cells that result in colour perception are called ! a) Amacrine cells b) Horizontal cells


c) Rods d) Cones e) Ganglion cells !25) The Gestalt Principle of _________ states that the closer two figures are to each other, the more likely we will group them and see them as part of the same object ! a) Good continuation b) Closure c) Proximity d) Similarity e) Illusory contours !26) What are the two streams of visual information? a) Parietal (where) stream and Occipital (what) stream b) Occipital (where) stream and Parietal (what) stream c) Dorsal (what) stream and Ventral (where) stream d) Ventral (what) stream and Dorsal (where) stream e) None of the above !Altered States of Consciousness !27) All of the following may occur during REM sleep, except for: ! a) delta waves b) beta waves c) genital arousal d) muscle paralysis e) dreaming !28) In which stage of sleep do K- complexes occur? ! a) Stage 1 b) Stage 2 c) Stage 3 d) Stage 4 d) All of the above !29) Sara is asleep in a lab, however, an EEG of her brain indicates alert activity (beta waves). Which of the following is correct? ! a) she is beginning to fall asleep b) she is paralyzed c) she is in REM sleep d) All of the above e) Only A and B are correct !


30) __________ is a condition in which individuals suddenly falls asleep during waking hours ! a) narcolepsy b) sleep apnea c) sleep deprivation d) nocturnal e) all of the above !31) You are meeting up in Robarts with your friend Monica to study for PSY100. When you arrive, she is just sitting at her desk quietly and breathing evenly. You ask her what the heck she is doing and she responds I am letting my thoughts flow freely so i can de-stress. Monica is probably utilizing ! a) concentration b) subliminal perception c) concentrative meditation d) mindfulness meditation e) some hippy technique from the 70s !Learning: !32) In Pavlovian Conditioning, a dog drooling at the sight of food is an example of a(n): ! a) unconditioned response b) unconditioned stimulus c) conditioned stimulus d) conditioned response e) positive reinforcement !33) The bell used in Pavlovs Dog Conditioning Experiment is an example of a(n): ! a) unconditioned repsonse b) unconditioned stimulus c) conditioned response d) conditioned stimulus e) negative punishment !34) Every time it rains, Flopsy the rabbit seeks out a special plant that blooms only when it rains. The gradual formation of this association with rain and plant bloom is: ! a) stimulus cooperation b) stimulus adaptation c) spontaneous recovery


d) acquisition e) extinction !35) Every time it rains, Flopsy goes looking for that plant that only blooms when it rains. However, as a result of pollution, the plants dont grow anymore. After not finding the plant on three different occasions, Flopsy stops seeking out the plant when it rains. This is due to a process called ! a) stimulus cooperation b) stimulus adaptation c) stimulus recovery d) acquisition e) extinction !36) In the little Albert Experiment, the white rat used was an example of a) a stimulus discrimination b) a conditioned response c) an unconditioned response d) an unconditioned stimulus e) a negative punishment !37) You are trying to teach your new puppy Maggie to shake a paw. However, she is stubborn and every time you try, she just sits there. You start giving her yummy little biscuits every time she successfully shakes your hand, and now she does it all the time! This is an example of: ! a) negative punishment b) continuous reinforcement c) partial reinforcement d) behaviour modification e) the partial reinforcement extinction effect ! 38) Matty goes to a casino and plays slots. The slot-making company has programmed the slot machine to give out a small reward every few pulls. This ensures that Matty keeps playing and that the casino makes money. What reinforcement schedule is the slot company using? ! a) fixed interval b) fixed ration c) variable interval d) variable ration e) fixed variable !39) Banduras Bobo the Doll experiment was focusing on the effects of: ! a) reinforcement schedules b) mirror neurons c) observational learning


d) memes e) fear !Memory: !40) What are the three types of memory stores (the Modal Model of Memory) that we possess? ! a) sensory memory, short term memory, long term memory b) conditioned memory, sensory memory, long term memory c) Short term, middle term and long term memory d) all of the above e) none of the above !41) Sensory memory is a) the transduction of information from our senses into a neural impulse b) usually only a fraction of a second c) either iconic or echoic d) none of the above e) all of the above !42) Which of these is NOT part of the working memorys (which is part of STM) four parts? ! a) phonological loop b) visuospatial sketchpad c) change blindness d) episodic buffer e) central executive !43) Which of the following is not an effective method of studying for an exam? ! a) chunking b) pulling an all nighter c) making connections d) overlearning e) using verbal mnemonics !44) What is the difference between declarative and non-declarative memory within the broader category of long term memory? ! a) declarative memories are ones we are conscious of b) non-declarative memories are ones that we can recall without conscious effort c) declarative memory is more important d) both A and B e) all of the above


45) Participants were brought into a lab and shown video footage of a car crash. Half were asked How fast was the cars going when they crashed? , while the other half was asked How fast were the cars going when they bumped?. They participants who heard crashed estimated higher speeds. This is a result of: ! a) cryptoamnesia b) retrograde amnesia c) suggestibility d) source amnesia e) persuasion !46) Semantic memory is the: ! a) memory of facts or knowledge about the world b) memory of personal experiences from the past c) memory of motor skills and procedures d) memory of jokes that you have heard in the past e) all of the above !47) Episodic memory is the: ! a) memory of facts or knowledge about the world b) memory of personal experiences from the past c) memory of motor skills and procedures d) memory of jokes that you have heard from the past e) none of the above !48) Annie was in a car accident and hit her head very hard. She was in a come for three days. Upon awakening, she did not recognize her husband, her son, or remember her anniversary. What is Annie suffering from as a result of her accident? ! a) cryptoamnesia b) anterograde amnesia c) retrograde amnesia d) source misattribution e) memory bias !49) H.M was one of the most studied medical cases in history. He had many severe seizures until surgeons removed his medial temporal lobes, including parts of the hippocampus and amygdala. Following the surgery, he could not form new, explicit memories, but could still learn motor skills. This is a result of: ! a) cryptoamnesia b) anterograde amnesia c) retrograde amnesia


d) source misattribution e) memory bias !Childhood Development !50) According to Piaget, children have already overcome egocentrism by what stage? ! a) sensorimotor b) preoperational c) concrete operational d) formal operational e) none of the above !51) A child is shown a fish for the first time. In order to categorize this, the child creates a new schema for animals that live in the water. According to Piaget, this child is using the learning process called: ! a) preoperational learning b) egocentric learning c) assimilation d) accommodation e) logical abstraction !52) In Piagets marble test, most children selected the line that __________. In the newer M&M version, most children selected the line that _____________. ! a) had nice colours, had their favourite colours b) had more marbles, had more M&Ms c) had more marbles, appeared to be longer d) appeared to be longer, had more M&Ms e) had more marbles, had more M&Ms !53) Using Kohlbergs Stage Theory of Moral Reasoning, individuals who base morals on self-interest are said to be at what level? ! a) preconventional level b) conventional level c) post conventional level d) either A or B e) none of the above !54) In Harlows attachment studies with Rhesus monkeys, he observed that ! a) monkeys preferred a cloth surrogate without milk over the wire surrogate b) monkeys preferred a wire surrogate with milk over the cloth surrogate c) monkeys were indifferent to either surrogate


d) monkeys rejected both surrogates and looked for their real mothers e) monkeys loved both surrogates !!55) In Mary Ainsworths Strange Situation test, the type of attachment displayed by children who became extremely upset when caregivers left and then sought contact, then rejected upon their return is an example of: ! a) avoidant attachment b) disorganized attachement c) anxious attachment d) secure attachment e) none of the above !56) In Eriksons Stages of Identity Crisis, the challenge of the Childhood Stage is: ! a) trust vs mistrust b) integrity vs despair c) intimacy vs isolation d) initiative vs guilt e) industry vs inferiority !Thinking and Intelligence !57) A Major source of cultural Bias in IQ tests is that the members of different cultures may: a) understand English with different degrees of sophistication b) have different levels of knowledge of Western culture c) be evaluated differently by the people giving and scoring the test d) a and b e) none of the above; there is no evidence of cultural bias in IQ tests !58) The type of intelligence in which you are learning new information and solving new problems not based on knowledge the person already has is called: ! a) crystallized intelligence b) fluid intelligence c) creative intelligence d) analytical intelligence e) practical intelligence !59) Gardner proposed Nine different types of Intelligences. Which is not one of them? ! a) Mathematical/logical intelligence b) Musical/rhythmic intelligence


c) Naturalistic intelligence d) Artificial intelligence e) Visuospatial intelligence !60) Environmental influences of intelligence include all of the following except: ! a) socioeconomic status b) nutrition c) stress d) birth order e) playing sports !Emotion !61) The unwritten expectations we have on when it is appropriate to show a certain emotion are called a) display rules b) social norms c) emotional rules d) facial feedback e) none of the above !62) The facial feedback hypothesis states that: a) when we see others express a certain emotion, we express it too b) our emotional facial expressions can influence our subjective emotional states c) we influence other peoples emotions based on our facial expressions d) a combination of A, B and C e) none of the above !63) The most important brain structure in regards to emotion is: ! a) the hippocampus b) the basal ganglia c) the fusiform face gyrus d) the amygdala e) the corpus callosum !Personality: !64) Which of these is not a trait of McCrae and Costas Five Factor Model? ! a) openness b) neuroticism c) agreeableness d) ambition


e) extraversion 65) In Alfred Banduras social cognitive theory, he proposes the concept of reciprocal determinism which states: a) environment (external factors) are more significant in determining our personality b) internal behaviours (internal factors) are more important in determining personality c) both factors interact with each other to determine our personalities d) all of the above e) none of the above !66) In Freuds Psychodynamic Theory, the component of personality that focuses on doing the right thing, based on societal and parental standards, is called the: ! a) Id b) superego c) ego d) Oedipus complex e) libido !67) Children aged 3 to 6 years old are said to be in which Psychosexual stage? ! a) oral b) anal c) phallic d) latency e) genital !Stress and Illness !68) What is the hormone that is associated with stress when it is released? ! a) cortisol b) oxytocin c) adrenaline d) calcotonin e) GABA !69) What is the Hypothalamic- pituitary - adrenal axis (HPA) responsible for? ! a) stimulating our tend and befriend response b) responsible for releasing both cortisol and oxytocin c) communication between adrenal glands and liver


d) a neural and endocrine circuit that provides communication between the nervous system and endocrine system e) all of the above !70) The hormone oxytocin is associated with ! a) the tend and befriend response b) the formation of maternal and romantic attachments c) the fight or flight response d) both A and B e) none of the above !71) Increased stress levels are associated with susceptibility to and worsening of which disease(s)? ! a) coronary heart disease b) AIDS c) cancer d) arthritis e) A,B and C !72) Bob is the President of a multinational corporation and works 80+ hours a week. His coworkers describe him as ambitious, competitive, and very hot headed. What kind of personality does Bob have? ! a) rude personality b) type A personality c) type B personality d) addictive personality e) he has no personality, hes a workaholic !73) Alexis just failed her PSY100 midterm. She told her friend Mark I am such a failure, this test is going to ruin me! I am going to fail my other courses, have to drop out of U of T and live in my parents basement forever. Mark responds ! a) You are such an optimist b) You are such a drama queen c) You are such a pessimist d) Pessimistic people have a poorer immune system and get sick easily e) both C and D !Social Psychology !74) The impact that we have on other people and that other people have on us is called: ! a) social facilitation b) social loafing


c) deindividuation d) social influence e) social norms !75) Ashs line experiments demonstrated which concept? ! a) social loafing b) social striving c) social facilitation d) conformity e) deindividuation !76) In the murder of Kitty Genovese was heard/witnessed by at least 38 of her neighbours, yet no one called the authorities until it was too late. This is an example of: ! a) diffusion of responsibility b) an ambiguous situation c) a culture of honour d) the frustration-aggression hypothesis e) just conformity !77) You go to a soccer game in the upcoming World cup: Brazil vs Italy. After a long game with diving on both sides, Brazil loses. Many supporters of the Brazilian team rioted in the street, setting cars on fire and breaking store windows. This is probably due to: ! a) social loafing b) social striving c) social facilitation d) conformity e) deindividuation !78) Which theory best explains why a driver without air conditioning on a hot day would honk and swear at a car that is not moving at a green light in front of them? ! a) culture of honour b) frustration aggression hypothesis c) bystander intervention d) deindividuation e) social loafing 79) Pluralistic Ignorance, as exemplified in the smoke filled room study, is defined as: a) the disjunction between private beliefs and public behaviours b) we make stupid decisions when when we are around other people c) the disjunction between private beliefs and social norms


d) none of the above e) only A and C !Psychological Disorders and Approaches to Therapy !80) Psychiatrists often view their patients problems using a medical model perspective. This means, that in the eyes of the psychiatrist, a patient should: ! a) take a leading role in his or her own treatment b) accept what the psychiatrists wants the patient to do c) focus on multiple kinds of alternative therapies d) seek out drug therapy plus talk therapy to increase well-being e) think carefully about how their social and psychological characteristics may be contributing to their problems !81) Ben hears voices when no one is around. His psychiatrists says he is having hallucinations and prescribes ! a) anti-depressants b) anti-psychotics c) nothing d) lithium e) anti-anxiety medications !82) In which of the following is a person least likely to be aware of the maladaptive nature of his or her behaviours? ! a) obsessive compulsive disorder b) phobic disorder c) personality disorder d) agoraphobia e) drug addiction 83) The best approach for treating anxiety disorders is: ! a) psychoanalytic therapy b) cognitive behavioural therapy c) deep brain stimulation d) the use of psychoactive drugs e) changes to sleep and diet !84) Are we going to ace this exam?? ! a) maybe b) yes c) ABSOLUTELY d) 10000% e) no doubt about it!


!85) Was SOS helpful? a) YES YES YES! b) there are no other acceptable answers ;) !!Answers: !1. B 2. D 3. E 4. E 5. A 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. D 10.A 11.A 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.A 16.E 17.D 18.B 19.E 20.C 21.D 22.B 23.B 24.D 25.C 26.D 27.A 28.B 29.A 30.A 31.D 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.E 36.B 37.B 38.D 39.C 40.A


41.E 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.A 47.B 48.C 49.B 50.C 51.D 52.D 53.A 54.A 55.B 56.E 57.D 58.B 59.D 60.E 61.A 62.B 63.D 64.D 65.C 66.B 67.B 68.A 69.D 70.D 71.E 72.B 73.E 74.D 75.D 76.A 77.E 78.B 79.A 80.B 81.B 82.C 83.B 84.B,C,D,E 85.A !!!!


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sos psy100 final practice questions.pdf

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