sound localization and its relation to vision in large and small new-world bats
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Sound localization and its relation to vision in large and small new-world bats G. Koay, H.E. Heffner, R.S. Heffner Dept. of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo, Ohio. Sound localization and its relation to vision in large and small new-world bats. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Sound localization and its relation to vision in large and small
new-world bats
G. Koay, H.E. Heffner, R.S. Heffner
Dept. of Psychology University of Toledo
Toledo, Ohio
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Sound localization and its relation to vision in large and small new-world bats
Abstract: Passive sound-localization acuity (minimum audible angle) for brief noise bursts was determined behaviorally for two species of New-world bats (Phyllostomidae): Phyllostomus hastatus, a large bat that eats fruit and preys on other vertebrates, and Carollia perspicillata, a small species that eats fruit and nectar. Both use echolocation calls of very low intensity for orientation and obstacle avoidance. The mean minimum audible angle for two P. hastatus was 9 degrees, and that for two C. perspicillata was 14.8 degrees. This places their passive sound-localization acuity near the mean for mammals. Sound localization varies widely among mammals and the best predictor of a species’ acuity remains the width of the field of best vision (r = .89, p < .0001). Neither of these bats nor the other three bat species tested so far deviates from the relationship between sound-localization and vision, suggesting that despite their specialization for echolocation, the use of hearing to direct the eyes to the source of a sound still serves as the major source of evolutionary selective pressure for passive sound localization.
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• Sound-localization thresholds in mammals vary
• Localization acuity is related to the size of the field of best vision
• Question: Do bats fit this relationship?
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Greater Spear-nosed bat (Phyllostomus hastatus)
Short-tailed fruit bat (Carollia perspicillata)
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Conditioned Suppression
TaskMake steady contact to
obtain fruit juice while sound presented from right side.
Break contact when sound presented from the left side to avoid shock.
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Sound Localization Acuity
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Retinal Whole Mounts
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Relation of Vision to Sound Localization Acuity
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Conclusion
Even in bats, the ears direct the gaze to the source of a sound.