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R E S O U R

C E S

CYLINDR

ICAL

TAPER

GAGES

FIXED

LIMITED

GAGES

HARDNE

SS

TESTING

MICROM

ETERS

Micrometers Technical information

A micrometer, sometimes known as a micrometer screw gauge, is a device used widely

and vernier calipers. Micrometers are often, but not always, in the form ofcalipers.

Colloquially the word micrometeris often shortened to mike.

Contents

ypes

sic types

ecialized types

perating principles

arts

eading

ch system

etric system

rnier

orque repeatability via torque-limiting ratchets or sleeves

esting and calibration

istory of the device and its name

ee alsootes

References

Gallery

External links
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ces/Micrometers%20Information.php#Vernierhttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Metric_systemhttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Inch_systemhttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Readinghttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Partshttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Operating_principleshttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Specialized_typeshttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Basic_typeshttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.php#Typeshttp://www.westportcorp.com/gages/Calipers.asphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Micrometers%20Information.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/rockwell_hardness_test/index.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/rockwell_hardness_test/index.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/rockwell_hardness_test/index.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/GageResourceIndex.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/GageResourceIndex.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/GageResourceIndex.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Cylindrical%20Taper%20Gages%20Information.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Cylindrical%20Taper%20Gages%20Information.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Cylindrical%20Taper%20Gages%20Information.phphttp://www.westportcorp.com/resources/Cylindrical%20Taper%20Gages%20Information.php


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Types

Basic types

The image shows three common types of micrometers; the names are based on their ap

utside micrometer (aka micrometer caliper), typically used to measure wires, spheres, sh side micrometer, used to measure the diameter of holes.

epth micrometer, measures depths of slots and steps.

ore micrometer, typically a three-anvil head on a micrometer base used to accurately me

ube micrometer, used to measure the thickness of tubes.Specialized types

Each type of micrometer caliper can be fitted with specialized anvils and spindle tips for block; in the form of a large disc; etc.

Universal micrometer sets come with interchangeable anvils: flat, spherical, spline, disk

components, allowing one micrometer to function as outside mic, depth mic, step mic, e

Blade mics have a matching set of narrow tips (blades). They allow, for example, the me

Pitch-diameter mics have a matching set of thread-shaped tips for measuring the pitch d

Limit mics have two anvils and two spindles, and are used like asnap gauge. The part be

Micrometer stops are essentially inside mics that are mounted on the table of a manual

Operating principles

The accuracy of a micrometer derives from the accuracy of the threadform of the screw

The basic operating principles of a micrometer are as follows:

he amount of rotation of an accurately made screw can be directly and precisely correlate

the distance it moves forward axially with one complete turn (360). (In most threads [th

ith an appropriate lead and major diameter of the screw, a given amount of axial movem

For example, if the lead of a screw is 1 mm, but the major diameter (here, outer diamete

(magnified) to a circumferential movement of 31.4 mm. This amplification allows a smal

thimble.
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Parts

A micrometer is composed of:

Frame

The C-shaped body that holds the anvil and barrel in constant relation to each ot

The frame is heavy and consequently has a high thermal mass, to prevent substa

Explanation: if you hold the frame long enough so that it heats up by 10C, then t

range.

Micrometers typically have a temperature specified, at which the measurement

Anvil

The shiny part that the spindle moves toward, and that the sample rests against.

Sleeve / barrel / stock

The stationary round part with the linear scale on it. Sometimes vernier markings

Lock nut / lock-ring / thimble lock

The knurled part (or lever) that one can tighten to hold the spindle stationary, suScrew

(not seen) The heart of the micrometer, as explained under"Operating principles

Spindle

The shiny cylindrical part that the thimble causes to move toward the anvil.

Thimble

The part that one's thumb turns. Graduated markings.

Ratchet stop

(not shown in illustration) Device on end of handle that limits applied pressure by

Reading

Inch system

Micrometer thimble showing 0.276 inch

The spindle of an inch-system micrometer has 40 threads per inch, so that one turn movon the thimble allow the 0.025 inch to be further divided, so that turning the thimble th

divisions that are visible on the scale of the frame, multiplied by 25 (the number of thou

zero line on the frame. The result will be the diameter expressed in thousandths of an in

reading can easily be taken mentally.

Suppose the thimble were screwed out so that graduation 2, and three additional sub-di
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reading then would be 0.2000 + 0.075 + 0.001, or .276 inch.

Metric system

Micrometer thimble reading 5.78mm

The spindle of an ordinary metric micrometer has 2 threads per millimetre, and thus one

1 millimetre divisions and 0.5 millimetre subdivisions. The thimble has 50 graduations, e

on the scale of the sleeve plus the particular division on the thimble which coincides wit

Suppose that the thimble were screwed out so that graduation 5, and one additional 0.5

sleeve. The reading then would be 5.00 + 0.5 + 0.28 = 5.78 mm.

Vernier

Micrometer sleeve (with vernier) reading 5.783mm

Some micrometers are provided with a vernier scale on the sleeve in addition to the reg

inch-system micrometers.

The additional digit of these micrometers is obtained by finding the line on the sleeve ve

digit.

Thus, the reading for metric micrometers of this type is the number of whole millimetre

millimetre given by the coinciding vernier line on the sleeve vernier scale.

For example, a measurement of 5.783 millimetres would be obtained by reading 5.5 mil

0.003 (as shown in the image).


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Inch micrometers are read in a similar fashion.

Note: 0.01 millimetre = 0.000393 inch, and 0.002 millimetre = 0.000078 inch (78 milliont

comparable inch unit micrometersthe smallest graduation of an ordinary inch reading

inch micrometer, without a vernier, smaller readings than those graduated may of cours

Torque repeatability via torque-limiting ratchets or sleeves

An additional feature of many micrometers is the inclusion of a torque-limiting device on

to force the micrometer to squeeze the material or tighten the screw threads, giving an

not continue to advance once sufficient resistance is encountered. This results in greate

developed the light, consistent touch of a skilled user.

Testing and calibration

The accuracy of micrometers is checked by using them to measuregauge blocks, rods, o

the micrometer should measure it as 0.7500". If the micrometer measures 0.7516", then

The accuracy of the gauge blocks themselves is traceable through a chain of comparison

History of the device and its name

Gascoigne's Micrometer as drawn by Robert Hooke

The word micrometeris a neoclassical coinage from Greek micros, "small", and metron,

was in 1670. Neither the metre nor the micrometre nor the micrometer (device) as we k

measure small things, and small differences; the word no doubt was coined in reference

The first ever micrometric screw was invented by William Gascoigne in the 17th centuryprecise measurement of handheld objects was made by Jean Laurent Palmer of Paris in

also use the micrometercognates: micromtre, micrmetro.) The micrometer caliper wa

instrument's use into the average machine shop. Brown & Sharpe were inspired by seve

measurements and proved their accuracy in a complex series of experiments.
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