sources for battle of thermopylae

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Works Cited Primary Sources: . Aeschylus. “Persians.” Aeschylus, Persians. Ed. Herbert Weir Smyth. Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D., Ed., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. <http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus %3Atext%3A1999.01.0012>. This would be a good source for the use of adding more depth to the part of the website in which I talk about the Persians/Xerxes, it also helps to add the the cultural depth and effect of the Persians on the world. Aristotle. “The Athenian Constitution.” N.d. The Internet Classical Archive. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts. The Internet Classical Archive. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. <http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/athenian_const.1.1.html>. The Athens was one of the main city states to participate in the Greco-Persian war, therefore a larger representation of it is needed to help the viewer to better understand their overall position and the things they did to help the Greeks force the Persians to make a tactical retreat. - - -. “The Politics.” 340 BCE. Ancient History Sourcebook. Fordham University, New York. Ancient History Sourcebook. Web. 26

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Works Cited Primary Sources:.Aeschylus. Persians. Aeschylus, Persians. Ed. Herbert Weir Smyth. Herbert Weir Smyth, Ph. D., Ed., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. . This would be a good source for the use of adding more depth to the part of the website in which I talk about the Persians/Xerxes, it also helps to add the the cultural depth and effect of the Persians on the world. Aristotle. The Athenian Constitution. N.d. The Internet Classical Archive. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Massachusetts. The Internet Classical Archive. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. . The Athens was one of the main city states to participate in the Greco-Persian war, therefore a larger representation of it is needed to help the viewer to better understand their overall position and the things they did to help the Greeks force the Persians to make a tactical retreat.- - -. The Politics. 340 BCE. Ancient History Sourcebook. Fordham University, New York. Ancient History Sourcebook. Web. 26 Nov. 2014. . Athens is a convoluted state in which there were many different forms of government implemented until the finally established themselves as a democratic state and this primary source by Aristotle helps to define the changes they went through in order to get to the point they were at.

FARGARD III. The Earth. N.d. MS. Zoroastrianism. Sacred Texts. This source is a great help in developing the readers understanding of Persian culture and the means to which the most Persians saw the world, also it is a great primary source and allows for something other than a biased Greek historian, of which I have many throughout my website and to acknowledge this bias this source helps to combat it.Herodotus, The History of Herodotus, George Rawlinson, tr. vol. 4 (New York: D. Appleman and Company, 1885), bk. 7 Throughout the Persian and Greek wars there were many different battles that ensued between the two nations, in which one of the most memorable and strategically placed was that of Thermopylae, or the Hot Gates. This was where the two armies meet one one side was the Persian horde lead by their king Xerxes and the other the Greek army lead by Leonidas, in which was a coalition of different city state soldiers. The source then recounts in detail the events of the battle from the start, in which the Greeks learn of the incoming Persian army, to the finish, in which Leonidas and his fellow Spartans are killed.Herodotus. The History of Herodotus. 430 BCE. Sacred Texts. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. . This primary source is a great way for me to not only add depth to my overall website, but also it gives not only the translated version of Herodotus account of the world at the time, but the Greek version, written in greek. Herodotus also goes through many different parts of history at that time, bias though must be watched due to him being Greek and they had a higher self image than other nations at that time.

Plutarch. The Ancient Customs of the Spartans. N.d. Loeb Classical Library, Chicago. Pp423u2011449 of Vol. III. The Library of History. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. . This primary source is great and helps to add to the overall understanding of the different and complex Spartan ideals and values which they expected of all their citizens to obey and try and match in their everyday life, due to it being a primary source it adds great detail and credibility to the overall website. - - -. The Life of Themistocles. N.d. Chicago University, Loeb Classical Library. The Life of Themistocles. Web. 10 Nov. 2014. . This primary source adds great detail to the overall credibility of my website, due to the fact that it has goes through Themistocles life from an author who was at that time, some of the facts may have been untrue due to embellishment but this source gives me direct facts about Themistocles.The Republic of Plato. James Adam. 1902. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. This primary source adds to the overall ability of my website, this primary source also talks about the Athens and the different things that the city offers to its citizens. The source is also great for showing the different people who have made an impact on Athens and the world around Greece

Secondary/Tertiary Sources: The Achaemenid Dynastic Empire 550-330 BCE. The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . Due to the detail of the illustration, this source helps to add to the overall effect of how big the Persian empire was and the expanses and the people that it covered and who called Xerxes their king.Achaemenid Soldier. Ancient Origins. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . In the part of my website labeled background I have a Greek soldier and to have an equal representation of both sides I needed a Persian warrior and this website provided it, also the many of the pictures of Persian warriors are fan made art and this picture seemed to have the greatest representation of what one of the soldiers may actually look like.Agora of Ancient Athens Illustration Poster. Traveler. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . This picture helps to add to the part of my website which talks about Athens, the picture is that of a market place and will help to add to the overall image of Athens to the viewer.The Ancient City of Persepolis. William Horberg. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. . This source will also go into the section I have labelled for Persia and will help to add to the same things I had hoped for in the other photos, grandeur of the Persians and also the wealth that their empire contained.Ancient King of Persia. Dreamstime. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. . This photo helps to show the royalty and honor of the Persian kings and also the essentially divine right that they seemed to possess in ruling Persia and the other nations and countries that they conquered and expanded into.Athenian Convention. School Work Helper. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This photo helps to add to the overall ability of the website to convey to the reader the meaning of democracy and how it affected the way that all Athenians lived and worked daily.Athenian League & Peloponnesian War. Democracy in Ancient Athens. Weebly, n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. . This image helps to convey to the viewer the land grab that ensued after the Greco-Persian war and the resources/ports that were the essential part of the land grab. It also helps to show the eventual clash between the Spartans and the Athenians due to their borders being much larger and also due to the fame and glory that each nation won due to the success in the war.Battle of Marathon. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. . This source helps to add some secondary sources to my overall background slide on my website, also it helps to add little bits of detail to it and create a greater overall production to put into the competition.Battle of Plataea. Ancient Mesopotamia. Ed. Joseph Berrigan. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . In this source it talks about the battle of Platea information that I desperately need due to the fact that I just recently created a tab in my website which is solely about this battle and needs information and pictures about it. Even though it is not a primary source multiply views of anything helps to add to the overall creditably of the website.The battle of Platea. War & Warrior Wednesday #6 (Battle of Plataea 479 BC). Conzervative, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture has great quality and helps to add to the overall depth of the website and also will help to add to the viewers imagination of the battle and the ongoing back and forth movements. The picture also helps to add to the events during the battle and the people who fought and how it may have gone due to the warriors.The Battle of Salamis. The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . In this source I am going to use it to help add to the overall understanding of the viewer when viewing the actions/events of the battle and to also help them to understand the depth to which the Greek victory struck, due to the massive Persian navy that they had to face.Battle of Salamis. The Four Most Important Battles Of Ancient Greece. All That Is Interesting, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . I need more photos to add to the overall depth and quality of my website and when I found this it really helped to develop a more in depth and a greater quality website for me to enter.Battle of Salamis. Spy Glass Hill Molossian Naval Academy. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2014. . The battle of Salamis is one of the key battle of the Persian and Greek war, it was when the greater Persian navy was defeated by a smaller better equipped navy of the Greek coalition. In the battle the Greek general Themistocles was able to persuade the Greek navy to remain atSalamisand not flee, but stand and fightagainstthe Persians. Therefore helping to add to the overall quality of the part of my website in which I go over this battle.Battle of Thermopylae [Tripod]. Ancient Mesopotamia. Ed. Joseph Berrigan. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . In my website I have a good amount of information on the Battle of Thermopylae but the one thing that I lacked was pictures and this website provides them for me and allows for me to also add depth and quality to the overall production of my website.Battle of Thermopylae and movements to Salamis, 480 BC. Wikimedia Commons. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . This is a great source to help develop understanding for the viewer towards the movements of Xerxes armies and the way to which they went as the traveled into Greece. It also helps to portray the movements after the battle of Thermopylae and the positioning of the Greek vs Persian forces for the battle of Salamis and Platea.Burn, Andrew Robert. Themistocles. Encyclopedia Britannica. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Oct. 2014. . This secondary sources entitles the major additions that Themistocles added not only to developing Athens as the major naval power in the Mediterranean but also his achievements in helping the Greeks to drive back the Persians from Greece and other captured city states.Damario, Heather. Personal interview. 18 Mar. 2015. People with information is a great bonus to my website and asking a few questions adds great detail to the overall quality of my website. Mrs. Damario has a huge amount of information on the Greco-Persian war and I think that it would be best placed in the legacy section due to the extensive knowledge that she has over my topic. Cartwright, Mark. Thermopylae. Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., 16 Apr. 2013. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. . This source helps to add to the overall depth and knowledge of the battle of Thermopylae and also allows for the reader to better understand the actions and events that went on throughout the battle. Also the picture will help to further the knowledge of the reader to the movements of the Persian army before and after the battle.First Invasion of Greece. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. . This source helps to develop the viewers overall understanding of the battle of marathon and the events and actions that follow it. There also is a picture incorporated in the source which helps add define the positions of the battle and where the Greek vs Persian forces were deployed.Greek-Persian Wars (490 bce479 bce). Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. World History in Context. Web. 3 Oct. 2014. The source entitles the eventual rise of thePersian empire and the rise of Darius to the position of king , with the rest of the Persian empire being pulled back together. Darius slowly expanded his empire and created the Persian empire to its old boundaries and borders, that included some of the greek settlements that were along the coast, who rebelled. Athens provided help to the revolutionists which angered the Persians and lead to the launching of an invasion of Greece. More or less than half of the Persian army was destroyed in a storm, Darius after a while then sent an even stronger force and was then defeated at the battle of Marathon. Darius died before another invasion could be launched and the next king in line Xerxes waited and then followed suit and launched another invasion of Greece.Greek Trireme. Wikipedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This image helps to develop the readers understanding of Greek ships and the role that they played in the battle of Salamis and how without them there wouldnt have been a free Greece. The ship is also a great addition to Themistocles and adds depth to his legacy as the sole reason Greece was able to beat back the Persians.Greek Warrior. Ancient Greece. Quest Garden, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture helps to add to the overall look of the website and also contrasts that of the Persian warrior. It also helps to add to the viewers perspective of a Greek vs a Persian warrior and the armour and gear that they may wear into battle.Haskew, Michael E. Greco-Persian Wars: Xerxes Invasion. Historynet.com. Military History, n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. . In this source the author expands on the key points of what is known about the Persian and Greek war, many people say that there are two wars, but this is not true due to the fact that Darius died before he could continue his war. Throughout the entire war the Persian army always had a greater size than the Greeks, usual encounters had the Greeks at a 10:1 ratio of force size. Even though they didnt have the superiority with size the Greeks still compensated with having the greater courage, honor and determination to stop the Persians and their conquest of the Greek homeland. At the end of the war the Persian King Xerxes found that is was improbable and nearly impossible to govern Persia from a far and retreated back to the Persian mainland, later a treaty was enacted between the Greeks and the PersiansHerm of Themistocles. N.d. Alanyuma. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. . This picture helps to develop the overall understanding of Themistocles and adds the quality and depth of my website which looks into the life of Themistocles and the legacy and leadership he gave to Greece due to his actions.The Just Man Aristophanes. Thiasos Theatre Company. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . As I looked over the various websites that have won nationals, I saw that a few of them had a musical component to them and I found that it really added to the overall quality of the website creating an interactive source for the user to listen to and to become more intrigued and thus want to enter and look deeper into the website.Leonidas. History of the Ancient World. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This photo helps to show the obsession of the modern world in the figure of Leonidas, he has become almost god-like in his portrayment in the new movie 300. It also helps to show the how much the battle of Thermopylae has done to the world around us in new senses of honor or arete.Leonidas. N.d. Totally History. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. . This is a great picture to help add to the depth of Leonidas and how he has affected not only Greece, which he helped to see that if they came together they had the potential to defeat Persia, but also the modern day version of honor and courage or in Greece arete.Leonidas at Thermopylae. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture places Leonidas in a strikingly heroic position and portrays the societal obsession of him and the figure he has become throughout society both modern and ancient.Map of a United Greece. Time Toast. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture shows what the map of Greece would look like if the peoples of Greece had come together after the Greco-Persian war, it also shows the areas to which Greek explorers went into and spread out from the Mediterranean and then up toward the Black Sea. A Map of a United Greece. Time Toast. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture shows what a united Greece would have looked like if the Greeks had been able to come together a create a single state after the Greco-Persian war, also it shows the amount of area that the Greeks covered as they spread out through the Mediterranean and the Black sea.Map of Greece and Persia. Herodotus and the Persian Wars. History and Civilization, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . TO add to the overall depth of the Greece as a country part of my website, I found a image that showed the portions of the Greek settlements and then that of the Persian empire and the land that separated the two countries, and the land to which they would fight for possession of.Map of Thermopylae. Chapter 5: The Classical Age of Greece. Classical Drama and Society, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . When working through my website I found that I was missing some key components on the battle and that they needed to be added to improve the overall quality, these components were a map of Greece and a map of Thermopylae and how the Persians arrived at the site.Map of Xerxes Route to Greece. Our Race Is Our Nation. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . In this image it shows the route the Persian army took to reach the Greek force at Thermopylae and the route that the Persian navy also took to meet the Greeks at Artemisium. This will help to add to the ability of the viewer to understand the significance a navy stood for when invading another nation and the amount the land force required and relied upon the navy. Original Book Cover. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . To add to the overall development of legacy in my website, legacy of the Greco-Persian war has affected the world we live in heavily and one of them is a graphic novel which depicts the battle of Thermopylae, which portrays Leonidas and his warriors in mythical and almost god-like appearance.Pausanias. Articles on Ancient History. Livius, n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . Many people overlook the battle of Platea in favor of Thermopylae and Salamis seeing that these two battles are the ones that stand out the most, but the battle of Platea is the staging point in which Greece wins one of its first major land battle victories over the Persians and expel them from Greece.Pausanias. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Livius. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . In this source it talks about the Spartan General who commanded the Battle of Platea and the actions and events that happen to him after and during the battle. It also gives a brief generalization of the battle and of how things went for both the Persians and then Greeks, this would help to add depth to the overall quality of my website when talking about the battle of Platea.Peloponnesian War. Ancient World History. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . The picture helps to show a battle between two forces and helps to add to the overall depth and quality of the website.Persian Middle Ages Man. Pinterest. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. . In this source the picture helps to add to the overall depth and quality of the Persian part of my website and add to the wealth and industry that, as an empire, Persia maintained and expanded due to military and economic trading.Persian War Timline. Lake Forest College. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 Sept. 2014. . In this source it explains the beginning to the end of the Persian and Greek war from the creation of the Persian empire to the eventual defeat of the Persians. The timeline starts out with the sack of the Assyrian empire and how it split into four different nations that were reconstructed back into a central empire by the Persian king Cyrus. Cyrus died and the King Darius came into power with control over all of the four parts of the Assyrian empire. The Greek colonies/city states tried to resist the rule but were conquered. Athens provided help which angered the Persians and lead to the launching of an invasion of Greece. More or less than half of the Persian army was destroyed in a storm, Darius after a while then sent an even stronger force and was then defeated at the battle of Marathon. Darius died before another invasion could be launched and the next king in line Xerxes waited and then followed suit and launched another invasion of Greece. The king was again defeated and peace treaties were signed between the two countries and peace ensued.Phases of the battle of Platea. The Battle of Plataea. Road Runners Guide to the Ancient World, n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This is a great picture and helps to add to the viewers understanding of how the battle of Platea went and the different phases and actions that happened, from the attacking of the springs to the breach of the Persian camp, which marked the end of major battles in Greece.Pictorial art Naval battle of Salamis 480 year. bc. e. 1Zoom.Net. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . This is a great photo and due to its size I can crop, change and alter the image without destroying the pixelation on the photo. Generally this photo will go toward the battle of Salamis due to the ship battle that is being portrayed in the picture by the artist, this photo also will help to add difference of colors to the website getting away from the basic black and white background.Rafaels School of Athens, depicting Platos Academy. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . This picture helps to show the art, learning and other education related subjects that Athens provided for its citizens, the picture also helps to advance the viewers understanding of the significance of Athenian culture and why they were eventually lead to place all of their might upon their navy rather than in soldiers.Reconstruction of the Apadana Palace. Persian Art. Essential Humanities, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . The part of my website which talks about the Persians needed more depth to it and to due this I added this image to help portray the overall grandeur and wealth the Persian empire possessed and also the art to which Persia contained many due to its wide expanse over hundreds of miles and miles of land.

Salamis Monument. English Language and History. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2015. . The photo helps to show the legacy that the battle of Salamis provided for the Greeks, or more accurately the Athenian Themistocles, and the effect that the battle had on the Greek history and world history too. The image also helps to show how the Greeks valued bravery in battle over a higher intelligence thus how the battle of Thermopylae and Salamis both became so revered in the world today.Saluting Their Supreme Sacrifice. The Tribune. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. . This website shows the bravery and honor of our soldiers and the sacrifice that they make, also it shows effect that Leonidas has had, due to the fact that he gave his life in the name of his country and for the citizens of Greece.Second Invasion of Greece. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. . This source helps to add detail to my website, even though it is a secondary source the best way to acquire information is to gather it from as many places as possible to help separate what is true and what is not, the source details about the whole war and has some nice pictures to add.Spartan Children Life. Imgarcade. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . This source helps to add to the overall brutality of the Spartan training but also it adds to the bonding that all spartan males went through and also the determination and courage that was needed in order to be a member of that army/people.Spartan Gymnasium -- boys training. Regional School Unit 1. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . In the photo Spartan youth train and undergo the hardships that all males who wanted to become warriors had to undergo, this photo will help to promote the brutality of the training but also the success and bonding that was created by undergoing these hardships with a cohesive group of people with you.Spartan Monument. Easypedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture shows the memorial that was raised to those who fell at the battle of Thermopylae, primarily is Leonidas who is the centerpiece to the monument, it also shows the legacy that he and his soldiers left behind at the battle and the courage and skill that was required to do so.Sparta Warrior. Ancient Military. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Dec. 2014. . This picture shows in great detail what a Spartan warrior would look like and helps to add to my website about Sparta and the training their warriors went through to become one of their warriors.Squadron who won the Leonidas award. Marine Corps. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Mar. 2015. . This picture helps to show the overall depth that Leonidas has affected the modern military and how without him our military may have a different perspective of how battles should be waged and how the soldiers should act.A Statue of King Leonidas of Sparta. Legends and Chronicles. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Mar. 2015. . This picture adds to the slide that talks about Leonidas and how due to his actions of honor and bravery he was able to show the whole of Greece that the Persian empire was not as impenetrable as it was claimed to be and also that Greek honor and courage helped through the whole battle for him and his men.300: Rise of the Empire. 300: Rise of an Empire New Character Poster Features Sullivan Stapleton as Themistocles. Fansided, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015. . The legacy of Themistocles is portrayed as a larger than life figure and to do this I needed a picture from the recent movie in which he was portrayed in, thus adding to the overall effect of what his legacy has done to the world around us today both in film and military prowess.Uebersax, John. a . N.d. MS. This source talks about Greek honor and how it was a basis to the Greek culture, also this allows for me to add to the overall depth and quality of the website when I talk about how the Greek leaders came together and were able to bring Greece together and fight off this invasion due to their moral honor and determination due to Arete.Wikipedia. Ancient Persia. Ancient History Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. . This website helps to add information into the part of the website which details the Persian empire and will help add good information and depth hopefully it will help to the credibility of my website.Xerxes. N.d. Memoirs of a Neophyte. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. . This picture helps to add to the depth of my website in which I talk about Xerxes and how he affected the world due to his pursuit of revenge against Athens for its involvement in the Ionian rebellion.Xerxes and Ship Battles. Battle of Salamis. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar. 2015. . For this source I used two pictures from it and both of them helped to add to the part of my website which details the battle of Salamis and the events and actions that happened. Also both pictures are of good quality and pixelation allowing for greater use out of them due to the fact that they retain their focus as i move, crop and change the photos.