sources of groundwater contamination designed discharges on-site wastewater disposal injection wells...
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Sources of Groundwater Contamination
Designed dischargesOn-site wastewater disposalInjection wellsLand application
Storage, treatment and disposal**LandfillOpen dumpsResidential disposalSurface impoundmentsWaste tailingsWaste pilesMaterial stockpilesGraveyardsAnimal burialAboveground storage tanks*Underground storage tanksContainersOpen burning and detonationRadioactive disposal
Transport and transmissionPipelinesMaterials transport
Activities with incidental releasesIrrigationPesticide applicationFertilizer applicationAnimal feeding operationsDe-icing salt applicationUrban runoffAtmospheric deposition*Mining and mine drainage
Activities altering flow patternsOil and gas production wellsOther wellsExcavation
Natural sourcesSurface-water interaction**Natural leachingSalt-water intrusion
Mine Tailings/AMD
Vineland Chemical
Leaking Underground Storage Tanks
Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, August 7, 2002. Office of Underground Storage Tanks (OUST). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington D.C. www.epa.gov/swerust1/graphics/ miscpix1.htm. Accessed January 28, 2003.
Oxidation and Reduction Capacities
From Christensen et al, Applied Geochemistry 16(2001).
Vertical Figures
2 Regions at Winthrop Landfill
Dissolved Species mean, mg L-1
DOC Cl - Sulfide Fe2+ Iron BOD COD Arsenic
Central Region 26
14
29
6
53
49
24
15
37
9
8
3
35
23
0.3
0.1
Peripheral Region 16
4
10 2
5
2
2
4
2
4
6
0
1
0
0.01
0.005
2 Regions at Winthrop Landfill
The animated maps that follow show the probability of arsenic exceeding various concentration thresholds in wells of any depth. The maps automatically progress through thresholds of 10, 50, 200 and 400 ppb.
Exceedance of Arsenic Concentration Thresholds
Click to continuehttp://www.es.ucl.ac.uk/research/lag/as/index.htm
As in Bangladesh
Profiles in a Bangladesh Well
From Harvey et al, Science 298 pp. 1602-1606.