sources of industrial growth ap us history east high school mr. peterson spring 2009
TRANSCRIPT
Sources of Industrial Sources of Industrial GrowthGrowth
AP US HistoryAP US HistoryEast High SchoolEast High School
Mr. PetersonMr. PetersonSpring 2009Spring 2009
Industrial TechnologiesIndustrial Technologies
SteelSteel New techniquesNew techniques
Bessemer processBessemer process Open-hearthOpen-hearth
PittsburghPittsburgh PetroleumPetroleum
George BissellGeorge Bissell First oil well-1859First oil well-1859 44thth among nation’s exports by 1870s among nation’s exports by 1870s
Airplanes and AutomobilesAirplanes and Automobiles
Internal combustion engineInternal combustion engine Nicolaus August OttoNicolaus August Otto
Gottfried DaimlerGottfried Daimler First American gasoline car in 1903First American gasoline car in 1903
Henry Ford-1906Henry Ford-1906 4 in 1895 to 5 million in 19174 in 1895 to 5 million in 1917
Wilbur and Orville Wright-1903Wilbur and Orville Wright-1903 National Advisory Committee on National Advisory Committee on
Aeronautics-1915Aeronautics-1915 Limited use in WWILimited use in WWI Charles Lindbergh-New York to ParisCharles Lindbergh-New York to Paris
Research and ScienceResearch and Science
General Electric-corporate laboratoryGeneral Electric-corporate laboratory Transformation of universitiesTransformation of universities ““Scientific management”Scientific management”
““Taylorism”Taylorism” Thomas Edison’s Menlo Park Thomas Edison’s Menlo Park
laboratorylaboratory Bell Telephone, Du Pont, Eastman Bell Telephone, Du Pont, Eastman
Kodak, GEKodak, GE Moving assembly lineMoving assembly line
Railroad ExpansionRailroad Expansion
193,000 miles by 1900193,000 miles by 1900 Government subsidiesGovernment subsidies TycoonsTycoons
Cornelius Vanderbilt, James Cornelius Vanderbilt, James J. Hill, Collis P. HuntingtonJ. Hill, Collis P. Huntington
The CorporationThe Corporation
““limited liability”limited liability” Stock sales and capitalStock sales and capital Andrew Carnegie and steelAndrew Carnegie and steel
Henry Clay FrickHenry Clay Frick Mesabi iron range-MNMesabi iron range-MN Sold to J. Pierpont Morgan in 1901Sold to J. Pierpont Morgan in 1901 US Steel CorporationUS Steel Corporation
Gustavus Swift and Isaac SingerGustavus Swift and Isaac Singer Efficient managementEfficient management
Middle managerMiddle manager
ConsolidationConsolidation
““horizontal integrationhorizontal integration Combining several firm in same Combining several firm in same
enterpriseenterprise ““Vertical Integration”Vertical Integration”
Different businesses fro company’s Different businesses fro company’s primary functionprimary function
Carnegie’s SteelCarnegie’s Steel Mills, mines, railroads, etc.Mills, mines, railroads, etc.
Rockefeller's Standard OilRockefeller's Standard Oil Horizontal and verticalHorizontal and vertical Controlled access to 90% of refined oil; Controlled access to 90% of refined oil;
““cutthroat competition”cutthroat competition” Pool arrangements-cartelsPool arrangements-cartels
Trusts and Holding CompaniesTrusts and Holding Companies
Rockefeller and J.P. MorganRockefeller and J.P. Morgan Economic combinationEconomic combination Exchange individual corporate Exchange individual corporate
stock for shares in truststock for shares in trust Corporate mergersCorporate mergers
““holding companies”holding companies” Rapid corporate combinationRapid corporate combination
Substantial economic growthSubstantial economic growth
Sources of Industrial Sources of Industrial GrowthGrowth
AP US HistoryAP US HistoryEast High SchoolEast High School
Mr. PetersonMr. PetersonSpring 2009Spring 2009