sources of power sources

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Sources of Power

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Type Non- renewable sources

Renewable sources

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Non renewable Energy Sources

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Introduction Non-renewable sources of energy, are being used since a long time.

These sources of energy are being used extensively in such a way thattheir known reserves have been depleted to a great extent.

It is becoming increasingly difficult to discover and exploit their newdeposits.

Known deposits of petroleum in our country will get exhausted by thefew decades and coal reserves are expected to last for anotherhundred years.

The fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas) are conventional sourcesof energy.

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Fossil FuelsCoal it constitutes about 70% of total commercial energy

consumed in the country.

Petroleum - petroleum is also derived from plants and deadanimals that lived in remote past.

Natural Gas - Natural gas has also been produced in the Earth'scurst by the similar process as petroleum and this is also acombustible fuel.

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Advantages and disadvantages of fossil fuelAdvantages Disadvantage

Capacity to generate huge amounts of thermal energy. Pollution.

Very cost effective. Cause of global warming and widespread

environmental damage.

Transporting oil and gas to the power stations can be

very simple

They are running out very fast and soon there will not

be any left.

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Renewable Energy Sources

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IntroductionRenewable energy comes from resources which are continually replenished.

Solar power, wind, tides, waves and geothermal heat are a few notablesources of clean energy.

Renewable technologies are also suited to rural and remote areas, where

energy is often crucial in human development. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices and increasing

government support, are driving increasing renewable energy legislation.

Renewable energy resources and significant opportunities for energyefficiency exist over wide geographical areas.

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1. Solar power and solar cell Solar cells (or photocells) turn light energy from the Sun directly into direct current

(DC).

Manufacturing solar cells is very expensive

But produces no pollution and requires little maintenance.

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NASA/NREL

ideal for use in remote locations where

maintenance is difficult and other sources of would

be expensive.

widely used on satellites and space missions.

Can also be efficiently implemented for household

applications as well.


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Efficiency of a solar cell Solar cells suffer from a low efficiency. This is because only light with enough energy

causes an electron to be released which is only about 25% of all sunlight.

The amount of electricity a solar panel can produce depends on two factors: its surfacearea and the light intensity.

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enough electricity to power a town wouldrequire a very large area of solar panels

Covering the roof of a house can meet the

annual electricity needs.


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Effective use of solar cells Solar cells are very useful for remote locations where

supplying mains electricity would be expensive.

Use solar-powered street light is in a remote countryside

with no mains electricity supply close by is a goodimplementation.

Energy generated at daytime can be stored in battery foruse at night.

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2. Solar Thermal Energy Energy from the sun to heat water to make steam, which is then used

to drive a turbine.

Series of mirrors called heliostats used to reflect light onto a boiler.

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Effective use of solar thermal energy Solar power stations are most effectively located in areas with high light intensity.

Implemented where the sunlight is intense and the air temperature is high.

The mirrors must track the Sun as it moves across the sky to be efficient as possible

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3. Wind power Wind turbines (or aero-generators) use large blades to capture the kinetic energy

of the wind.

This kinetic energy is used to directly turn a turbine and produce electricity.

Wind turbines do not produce any polluting waste,

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Effective use of wind power Individually they do not generate a lot of electricity. They are usually needed in large numbers to have an impact on electricity production.

A group of wind turbines is called awind farm.

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4. Water power Hydroelectricity 17


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Effective use of Hydroelectricity Initial cost is very high.

Preferably in high altitude mountain rivers.

Long lasting solution for energy.

Provides a cheap and reliable source of electricity.And also eco-friendly

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5. Biofuel and biomass Biomass is material from living sources.

The simplest biomass energy sources are plants and biological wastes which can beburnt to produce steam to turn a turbine.

Other materials such as the waste from chicken farms can also be burnt.

Biofuels are renewable as more plants can be grown, producing yet more biomass.

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Biomass fuels do not

contribute to global

warming as the carbon

dioxide released when

they are burnt isabsorbed by the plants

grown to replace them.


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Effective use of bio fuels Some plants can be fermented to give ethanol, a biofuel.

Bio ethanol mixed with fossil fuel (Bio gasoline) can be used instead of petrol or evenaviation fuel.

Methane is biogas which can be used a replacement for natural gas.

It is produced in anaerobic digesters by bio degradable waste.

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6. Geo Thermal Energy Volcanic rocks under the ground, radioactive decay of elements, and natural

geysers release heat energy

The steam and hot water which rises naturally to the surface can be harnessed togenerate electricity.

The largest geothermal power plant is in California and has an output of 750

megawatts.

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Advantages of renewable energy sources They are inexhaustible they will always be available they are

renewable.

They are clean and will not damage the environment.

There are several types of such sources so one or more of them ispresent in each country or geographical location.

Most natural sources can be used on a small scale and serve localneeds therefore cutting costs of transmitting the energy.

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sources of power sources

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