sources of stress, impact of burnout on physical and mental...

Sources of Stress, Impact of Burnout on Physical and

Mental Health and Impact of Lifestyle Factors on

Burnout: A Study of Entrepreneurs of Haryana,

Punjab and Chandigarh (U.T) Ms. Amandeep Kaur

1 , Dr. Sandeep Singh Virdi

2

1Research Scholar- School of Management Studies, Punjabi University, Patiala

2Assistant Professor- School of Management Studies, Punjabi University , Patiala

[email protected]

[email protected]

Abstract— In this paper an attempt has been made to study the sources of stress and the impact of burnout on physical

disease and mental disorder. Another area of interest in this paper is to study the impact of life style factors on burnout

amongst the entrepreneurs of Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh (U.T). The findings show that the respondents are

working under highly stressful environment. There exists a positive impact of burnout on mental and physical disorders.

The results revealed that burnout, physical and mental disorders are positively correlated. Lifestyle factors are negatively

correlated with burnout. It is also revealed that the impact of lifestyle factors is significant on burnout. These results were

obtained by using T-test, Anova, correlation and regression.

Keywords— Burnout, stress, lifestyle factors, physical disease, mental disorders, entrepreneurship

I. INTRODUCTION

The concept of entrepreneurship has evolved through various dimensions over time. It was coined from the thirteenth century

French word entreprendre, which means to do something or to undertake something and by the sixteenth century; the word

entrepreneur came to refer to someone who indulges into a business venture. An entrepreneur as per the contemporary ideology is

a person who initiates a process in which the profit generating opportunities are explored and acted upon, till the time, competition

in the market erodes the profit. An entrepreneur is thus defined as an economic man, who ventures into the production process and

uses innovation and research to maximize his profits. (Richard Cantillon 1725), explained that an entrepreneur is the person who

pays the price for a particular product, to re-sell it at another price. (Peter Drucker 1964) ) the Guru of corporate management

explained that an entrepreneur is the agent who tries to search for changes in the ways to carry out production, responds to those

changes and exploits those opportunities to his benefit.

A. Types of stress

The term Stress according to (Selye 1979)1 may be categorized into four heads: Good stress or Eustress which is the positive

type of stress and keeps people motivated towards achieving more and more in life; such stimulating factors are considered

beneficial for the society in general and the individual in particular. Secondly Bad stress or Distress, as it may be referred to, is the

adverse type of stress that tends to erode away the strength or energy in an individual; it generally tend to exceed the capability of

an individual to cope with it and thus can considerably damage the work ability or efficiency of the individual and keeps him

away from being able to perform to his potential. Thirdly Over-stress or Hyper stress is the state in which an individual undergoes

excessive pressure and stress, so much so that at times, it may even cause a physical, emotional or even a nervous breakdown.

Generally, an overload of work beyond the capacity of the individual is what causes hyper stress. Finally Under stress or Hypo-

stress, which means that, Stress is so little that it actually kindles boredom and lethargy at work. Such a situation can yield

frustration for the individual and is generally perceived to be a major deterrent in the performing ability of a person.

B. Sources of stress

More often, the work related stress amongst employees, managements of enterprises and the staff of an organization, is caused

by either the issues internal to the organization or external to the enterprise. The external factors are also called extra-

organizational stressors like retrenchment in the enterprising, downsizing, restructuring, changes pertaining to technology etc.; the

internal stressors include problems related to the functioning of the enterprise, the work environment, physical working conditions

in the enterprise, career related issues and social aspect of the lives of the firm’s employees. Apart from these, issues on the

personal and financial aspect may also cause stress to the entrepreneurs. The sources of Stress can thus be categorized as: financial

matters and concerns, uncertainty, excessive work pressure, external competition, balance between work and personal life,

changes and challenges in the business environment, risks related to work at the enterprise and emotional stress.

1Selye 1979

The International journal of analytical and experimental modal analysis

Volume XI, Issue XI, November/2019

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C. Implications of Entrepreneurial Stress

A major concern related to entrepreneurial stress or job stress is that many a times, the stress is carried forward towards the

people, not related to the work environment as well, for ex. the spouse of the entrepreneur or even the children. (Kruger E Van Zyl,

2002). Consequently, the impact of the stress experienced outside the work place may have a back splash effect, in the sense that

the unpleasantness caused in the family due to the outburst of the job stress may cumulatively bring the stress back to the work

place again. Stress in business may also cause anxiety and irritability on the part of the entrepreneur and research studies have

supported the fact that stress at work place may cause immeasurable impact on the physical and mental health of the employees.

These adversities may be manifested in the form of eating disorders, sleep disorders, irritable behaviour, drinking habit, anxiety,

heart diseases, burnout, sickness and lethargy, low self esteem, lack of confidence and frustration reflected in the general approach

towards employees and peers. Persistent exposure to stress has been seen to induce absenteeism amongst employers, conflicts

with family members, headaches and migraine, issues related to back aches and irregularities in the digestive system. Such

physical and physiological problems not only affect the mental and physical health of the entrepreneurs but also go a long way in

reducing their productivity at work.

D. Burnout

Burnout is generally the outcome of stress on job, generally witnessed due to mismatch between the nature of job and

ability of the person doing the job. Burnout is basically a term used for a state of chronic physical and mental exhaustion,

generally caused because of stress that has been persisting for a long time or due to excessive responsibilities to be shouldered

at the workplace as well as in the personal life. The concept of burnout has its origin in the field of psychology wherein a

clinical psychologist Herbert Freudenberger explained this term for the first time in 1970s. Later, social psychologists Christina

Maslach and Susan Jackson delved into this term more extensively in 1976 when they invented a tool to assess burnout. This

tool was called the Maslach Burnout Inventory which was based on the measurement of variables like exhaustion, cynicism

and inefficacy but of these, mental exhaustion has been considered to be the most prominent characteristic feature of

burnout.(Herbert J Freudenberger, (1974) explained burnout as a state of total exhaustion due to the excessive use of personal

resources and energy in the course of professional exercise. According to him, burnout is “A state of chronic fatigue,

depression and frustration generated by the devotion to a cause, a way of life, or a relationship, which fails to produce the

expected rewards and ultimately to reduce the involvement and fulfillment at work.‖ So in the present study an attempt has

been made to study the sources of stress among the entrepreneurs. Further study also provided an idea about the psychological

and mental disorders of the entrepreneurs as a result of stress. An impact of stress on psychological and mental disorders has

been studied. Also impact of life style factors on stress has been studied.

II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Anthony Winefield et,al. (2003) researched upon the phenomenon of occupational stress amongst the nursing staff of

Australian universities. The study was based on a sample of 8,732 male and female nursing employees engaged in 17 universities

of Australia. It was found that the level of psychological distress faced by the staff was very high.

Kathirvel (2009) studied the issues related stress among BPO industry employees in Coimbatore city. The sample of 100

employees from 10 companies was selected for this study. The results showed that nearly half of the respondents were facing

problems by working in the ITES (Information Technology Enabled Service) sector.

Ahmad, Syed Zamberi , Xavier, Siri Roland (2010) conducted a study to find out the sources of stress among the entrepreneurs

in Malaysia and to examine the associated coping mechanism with the sample of 118 entrepreneurs in various business industries.

The results revealed that the skills required for business, work pressure, high expectations of others and responsibilities are the

major factors, which generate stress.

Dr. A. Chandra Mohan et al (2010) conducted an empirical study on the levels of stress among software professionals with the

sample of 300 software’s employees. The results revealed that the employees with high and medium self esteem experience high

level of stress. The results also indicated that the factors affecting personal health were long working hours, work pressure,

inconstant food intervals and anxiety. It was also revealed that married couples experience high stress than unmarried.

Neelamegam and Asraf (2010) examined the causes and the level of stress amid the employees of seven central cooperative

banks in Dindigul district with the sample of 230 employees. The result revealed that the age group of employees between 35-50

experienced more stress than other employees and 75% temporary employees experienced the same level of stress. The research

also revealed that more stress was experienced by 50% of respondents because of working more than eight hours.

Joy P. Jins and Radhakrishnan R. (2013) conducted an empirical study to evaluate the impact of work stress among the tile

factory workers in the Trichur district in Kerala. The sample of 100 workers was taken out of which 50 were males and 50 were

females engaged in 5 tile factories. The study found that mostly, the male workers complained of experiencing headache, high

blood pressure, inability to relax, irritable and distressed state of mind, increased smoking and alcohol consumption and pain in

back, neck and joints. On the other hand, the female workers reported having headaches, high blood pressure, neck, back and joint

pains, becoming distressed and irritable, inability to relax and concentrate and decline in the commitment to work.

Khamisa et al. (2016) conducted a study among the nature of the relationship between work stress, burnout , job satisfaction

and general health of nurses over one year. . The sample size of 277 nurses from 4 hospitals was taken. The results indicated that

lack of support was linked to burnout, patient care was linked with job satisfaction and staff issues were linked with general health

of nurses. It was found that burnout was strongly connected to job satisfaction than general health.



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Togia,A.(2005) conducted a study to measure the levels of burnout among Greek academic librarians and to assess its relation

with certain background characteristics. The sample size of the study consisted of 136 academic librarians across Greece. The

result of the study revealed that the respondents were found to have low level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and

average level of personal accomplishment and burnout had no relation with the background characteristics as age, number of years

as a librarian participation in decision making.

Antoniou, A. S (2006) conducted a study to identify the gender and age difference in occupational stress and professional

burnout between the primary and high school teachers in Greek to identify how males and females and younger and older teachers

perceive stress at work. The sample of the study consisted of 493 primary and secondary school teachers. The findings indicated

that the problems in interaction with students, lack of interest, low attainment and handling students with difficult behavior were

the major sources of stress among the teachers and the female teachers reported significantly higher level of occupational stress

regarding interaction with students and colleagues, workload, students’ progress and emotional exhaustion.

Wang,S et al.(2015) conducted a study to investigate the level of burnout of clinical nurses and to examine the influence of

personal and environmental factors on nurse burnout with the sample of 717 full time nurses from six hospitals in Tianjin, china.

The results revealed that average level of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and high level of reduced personal

accomplishment were found among the respondents. Nurses burnout was found to be associated with both personal and

environmental factors, whereas personal factors played major role in anticipating personal accomplishment and environmental

factors played major roles in anticipating emotional exhaustion and depersonalization.

Chen JiaChern and Tu- Kuang Ho (2016) investigated on the impact of the health of the employees of Taiwanese enterprises on

the occupational burnout and the further impact of their burnout on their job performance. The study was conducted on 493

employees working across public and private companies and profit and non-profit making organizations. The findings of the study

highlighted a significantly positive impact on employee health on occupational burnout i.e. healthier were the employees, greater

was their ability to overcome the difficulties at work and thus a lesser tendency in them to quit work. Furthermore, the study found

that occupational burnout had a strong negative impact on job performance, which also means that when the employees could not

find suitable outlets to release their work pressure and had a low job accomplishment level, they experienced lack of commitment

towards their work which was indicated by a weak job performance and poor job satisfaction level.

A. Research Gap

There are lot of studies done on stress and burnout among entrepreneurs but a very few studies have been done on

entrepreneurs in the regions Punjab, Haryana and Chandigarh (U.T) together

B. Objectives of the study

The following objectives have been undertaken

1. To investigate the sources of stress at work place among entrepreneurs.

2. To study the impact of burn-out on to self reported physical and mental health of entrepreneurs.

3. To study the impact of life styles factors on burnout.

III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

The following methodology has been adopted.

a. Research design: in the present study descriptive research design has been utilized.

b. Type of research: descriptive research and analytical research

c. Sampling design: non probability sampling design has been used.

d. Sample size: The sample size of the study consists of 304 entrepreneurs from Haryana, Punjab and Chandigarh(U.T).

e. Sampling technique: In the present study the convenience sampling has been used for collecting the data.

f. Data collecting technique: data has been collected through structured questionnaire.

g. Research tools: for inferential statistics T-test, Anova, Correlation and Regression techniques have been used and for

descriptive statistics standard deviation and mean have been calculated.

h. For finding the impact of burnout on Psychological or Mental Disorders and Physical Disease total score of all variables of

burnout, Psychological or Mental Disorders and Physical Disease have been calculated. Also for impact of Life style factors

on burnout total score of Life style factors and burnout have been utilized.

IV. RELIABILITY AND NORMALITY OF QUESTIONNAIRE

The table given below highlights the reliability of the questionnaire. For this Cronbach’s alpha score has been determined through

SPSS-21 and the results of the same is presented in the table given below.

TABLE 1

RELIABILITY OF QUESTIONNAIRE

Factors Cronbach’s Alpha Score No of Items

Attributes of Stress .710 26

Psychological or Mental

Disorders .873 12

Physical Disease .725 10

Life Style Factors .810 12



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From the above table it is clear that the first factor, attribute of stress contains 26 items which have a reliability score of .710. The

maximum reliability has been observed for the Psychological or Mental Disorders which is .873. So all of the items have a score

more than .7, so the construct to be measured through the questionnaire is reliable. The acceptable values of Cronbach’s alpha

score is 0.7 (Nunnally, 1978). Finally for normality of the questionnaire Shapiro Wilk Test is used and it is found that data is

Normal hence in the current study where ever applicable parametric test has been used.

V. ANALYSIS

A. Demographic analysis of respondents: The demographic details of the respondents are as given under.

TABLE 2: DEMOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF RESPONDENTS

Gender

Demographic Predictors N Percentage

Male 211 69.4

Female 93 30.6

Total 304 100.0

Age

Young Businessmen (16 -25 Years) 42 13.8

Middle Aged Businessmen(26-35 Years) 134 44.1

Older (36-45 Years) 92 30.3

More Older (45 and Above) 36 11.8

Total 304 100.0

Type of Business

Shop 50 16.4

Production Unit 67 22.0

Trading Unit 48 15.8

Assembling Unit 34 11.2

Educational Institute 50 16.4

Other 55 18.1

Total 304 100.0

Experience

Less Than 5 Years 69 22.7

5 - Less Than 15 Years 184 60.5

15- Less Than 25 Years 37 12.2

25 And More Years 14 4.6

Total 304 100.0

Education

Up To 10th

3 1.0

12th

9 3.0

Diploma 89 29.3

Graduate 101 33.2

Post graduate 102 33.5

Total 304 100.0

Type of Family

Joint 143 47.0

Nuclear 161 53.0

Total 304 100.0

From the above table no. 2 it is clear that out of a total of 304 respondents, 69.4 percent of the respondents are males and 30.6

percent of the respondents are females. Next demographic variable is age of the respondents which describes that in the present

study most of the respondents that is 44.1 percent are middle aged businessmen (26 to 35 Years), followed by 30.3 percent that are

older (36 to 45 Years) businessmen. The next variable is type of business which describes that 16.4 percent of the respondents are

running their shops. 22 percent of the respondents are in the business of production unit. 15.8 percent of the respondents are into

trading business. 11.2 percent of the respondents are into the business of assembling of units. 16.4 percent of the respondents are

running their educational institute. Finally 18.1 percent of the respondents are running other business. As per experience of the

respondents are concerned 60.5 percent of the respondents have 5 to less than 15 years of experience followed by 12.2 percent

respondents that have 15 to less than 25 years of experience. 29.3 percent of the respondents have diploma in their possession.

33.2 percent of the respondents are graduates. 33.5 percent of the respondents are post graduates. The final variable is type of the

family and it is clear that 47 percent of the respondents are living in joint family and 53 percent of the respondents are living in

nuclear family.



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B. Descriptive Statistics for Stress (Burnout)

In order to study about the sources of stress among the respondents, descriptive analysis is very important. So mean and standard

deviation of 26 variables related to stress are calculated and presented in the table 3 given below. All of the 26 variables are based

on five points Likert’s scale where 1 is strongly disagree, 2 is disagree, 3 is neutral, 4 is agree and 5 is strongly agree.

TABLE 3: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS FOR VARIABLES RELATED TO STRESS

Variables Related to Stress Mean Std.

Deviation

Q1_1. I have a lot of work in this business. 4.05 .325

Q1_2. The available information relating to my work nature and its outcomes are

vague and insufficient. 2.26 .546

Q1_3. The responsibility for the efficiency and productivity of many workers is

thrust upon me. 3.76 .443

Q1_4. Most of my suggestions are heeded and implemented here. 4.18 .444

Q1_5. My assignments are of monotonous nature. 2.84 .361

Q1_6. I do my work under tense circumstances. 3.63 .386

Q1_7. Owing to excessive work load I have to manage with insufficient number of

workers and resources. 3.91 .219

Q1_8. The objectives of my work-role are quite clear and adequately planned. 4.35 .477

Q1_9. I am responsible for the future of a number of workers 3.81 .406

Q1_10. Some of my workers try to defame and malign me as unsuccessful 2.13 .225

Q1_11. I get ample opportunity to utilize my abilities and experience

independently 4.10 .444

Q1_12. This business has enhanced my social status. 4.29 .406

Q1_13. Some of my assignments are quite risky and complicated. 3.79 .392

Q1_14. I have to dispose off my work hurriedly owing to excessive load of work. 3.54 .478

Q1_15. I am unable to perform my duties smoothly owing to uncertainty and

ambiguity of the scope of my power and authorities. 2.19 .374

Q1_16. I bear the great responsibility for the progress and prosperity of this

organization 4.19 .456

Q1_17. My workers do cooperate with me voluntarily in solving administrative and

industrial problems. 4.17 .398

Q1_18. I get ample opportunity to develop my attitude and proficiency properly 4.05 .543

Q1_19. I often feel that this work has made my life cumbersome. 3.66 .347

Q1_20. Being too busy with work I am not able to devote sufficient time to my

domestic and personal problems. 2.65 .273

Q1_21. My workers attach due importance to the instructions and formal working

procedures. 3.90 .481

Q1_22. There exists sufficient mutual co operation and team spirit among the

workers of my organization. 3.70 .495

Q1_23. Working conditions are satisfactory here from the point of view of our

welfare and convenience. 3.95 .453

Q1_24. I have to do such work as ought to be done by my employees. 3.00 .279

Q1_25. It becomes difficult to implement all of a sudden the new dealing

procedures and policies in place of those already in practice. 3.12 .514

Q1_26. I am unable to carry out my assignments to my satisfaction on account of

excessive load of work and lack of time 3.56 .309



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From the above table it is evident that mean score of first statement is 4.05 which means that respondents are feeling work

pressure in their respective fields of business. The mean of second statement is 2.26 and so it can be concluded that respondents

are disagree with this statement and hence information to their work culture is quite clear to them and outcomes are not vague and

insufficient. The mean of third statement is 3.76 and hence it can be predicted that respondents think that efficiency and

productivity of workers are thrust upon the respondents. Mean of the fourth statement is 4.18 which means that respondents are

agree that their suggestion are heeded and implemented in the organization. Mean of the fifth statement is 2.84 and it indicates

that respondents are neutral with the statement that their assignments are of monotonous in nature. Mean of sixth statement is 3.63

and from this it is clear that respondents are agree with the statement that they are working in tense circumstances. Mean of the

seventh statement is 3.91 and hence it can be deduced that respondents are managing with insufficient number of workers due to

excessive work load in the organization. The mean of the eighth statement is 4.35 and hence most of the respondents believe that

their work roles are quite clear and adequately planned. Mean of the ninth statement is 3.81 which states that respondents are

agree with the statement that they are responsible for future of the workers. Mean of next statement is 2.13 and it can be

concluded that the respondents are disagree with the statement that some of their workers try to defame and malign them as

unsuccessful. The mean of eleventh statement is 4.10 which states that respondents are getting ample opportunities to utilize their

abilities and experience. As the mean of the next statement is 4.29 so it can be concluded that most of the respondents believe that

business enhanced their social status. Mean of thirteenth statement is 3.79 so from here it can be understood that respondents are

agree with the statement that some of their assignments are risky and complicated. Mean of fourteenth statement is 3.54 which

means that respondents are agree with the statement that they have dispose off their work hurriedly owing to excessive load of

work. The man of fifteenth statement is 2.19 and so respondents are disagree with the statement that they are unable to perform

their duties smoothly owing to uncertainty and ambiguity of the scope of their power and authorities. The mean of next statement

is 4.19 and hence it can be concluded that respondents are agree that they bear the great responsibility for the progress and

prosperity of this organization. The mean of seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth statements are 4.17, 4.05, 3.66 and

3.85 and from these it can be concluded that respondents are agree with the statements that workers do cooperate with them

voluntarily in solving administrative and industrial problems, they get ample opportunity to develop their attitude and proficiency

properly, they feel that work has made their life cumbersome and being too busy with work they are not able to devote sufficient

time to my domestic and personal problems. Mean of 21st, 22

nd and 23

rd statements are 3.90, 3.70 and 3.95 respectively and from

here it is determined that respondents are agree with the statements that their workers attach due importance to the instructions and

formal working procedures, there exists sufficient mutual co operation and team spirit among the workers of their organization

and working conditions are satisfactory here from the point of view of our welfare and convenience. As the mean score of 24th

and

25th

statements are 3.00 and 3.12 so from these statements it can be concluded that respondents are neutral with the statements that

they have to do such work as ought to be done by their employees and it becomes difficult to implement all of a sudden the new

dealing procedures and policies in place of those already in practice. The mean of last statement is 3.56 which means that

respondents are agree with the statement that they are unable to carry out their assignments to their satisfaction on account of

excessive load of work and lack of time.



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C. Descriptive Analysis of mental health and self reported physical disease

TABLE NO 4: DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS for VARIABLES of MENTAL HEALTH AND SELF

REPORTED PHYSICAL DISEASES

Mental Health Variables Mean Std.

Deviation

Q2_1_1. Depression: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.86 .397

Q2_1_2. Anxiety: Psychological or Mental Disorders 3.40 .325

Q2_1_3. Fatigue: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.73 .274

Q2_1_4. Tension: Psychological or Mental Disorders 3.72 .120

Q2_1_5. Aggression: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.61 .298

Q2_1_6. Emotional exhaustion: Psychological or Mental Disorders 3.53 .489

Q2_1_7. Concentration problem: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.97 .157

Q2_1_8. Memory problem: Psychological or Mental Disorders 3.26 .470

Q2_1_9. Irritation: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.78 .256

Q2_1_10. Loss of interest in work: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.86 .322

Q2_1_11. Loss of sex drive: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.58 .400

Q2_1_12. Mood disorder: Psychological or Mental Disorders 2.54 .292

Physical Disease Variables

Q2_2_1. Cardiovascular disease: Physical Disease 1.66 .464

Q2_2_2. Hypertension: Physical Disease 3.45 .107

Q2_2_3. Sleep problems: Physical Disease 3.69 .234

Q2_2_4. Headache: Physical Disease 3.32 .163

Q2_2_5. Upset stomach: Physical Disease 3.00 .401

Q2_2_6. High cholesterol: Physical Disease 2.75 .490

Q2_2_7. Backache: Physical Disease 3.22 .298

Q2_2_8. Diabetes mellitus: Physical Disease 2.86 .457

Q2_2_9. Urinary Tract Infections: Physical Disease 1.70 .337

Q2_2_10. Tuberculosis: Physical Disease 1.27 .465



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From the above table it is evident that mean score of respondents for first variable that is depression is 2.86, which means

that respondents are feeling neutral towards this variable that they have depression in their organization. Respondents are slightly

towards agreement that they have anxiety as the mean score of anxiety is 3.10. Mean of next variable fatigue is 2.73 so it means

that they are neutral towards this statement. Next mean of tension is 3.72 which means that respondents are agree that they are

having tension in their organization. Mean of aggression is 2.61 and it indicates that respondents are neutral with this statement

that they are aggressive. Next the mean of next statement emotional exhaustion is 3.53 so it means that most of the respondents

are agree that they feel emotional exhaustion in their organization. Respondents are also neutral towards that they have

concentration problem as the mean of this is 2.97. Next respondents are slightly towards agreement with that they have memory

problem in the organization. Most of the respondents have neutral opinion towards the variables irritation and loss of interest in

work with a mean score of 2.78 and 2.86 respectively. For the next two variables loss of sex drive and mood disorder respondents

are slightly towards neutral side with a mean score of 2.58 and 2.54 respectively.

As per the physical diseases are concerned most of the respondents are disagree that they have cardiovascular disease as the mean

score of this disease is 1.66. Most of the respondents are towards slightly agreement that they have hypertensions with a mean

score of 3.45. They are towards an agreement that they have sleep problems with a mean score of 3.69. Respondents are also

slightly towards agreement with a mean score of 3.32 that they have headache due to work pressure. They have exactly neutral

opinion for upset stomach with a mean score of 3.00. Respondents also have neutral feeling that they have problem of high

cholesterol with a mean score of 2.75. They have slightly towards agreement that they have backache with a mean score of 3.22.

Further they have neutral opinion towards that they have diabetes mellitus with a mean score of 2.86. Finally respondents are

towards disagreement and highly disagreement that they have urinary tract infections and tuberculosis with a mean score of 1.70

and 1.27 respectively.

D. Descriptive Analysis of life style factors

TABLE 5: DESCRIPTIVE STSTISTICS FOR LIFE STYLE FACTOR

Life style factors Mean Std. Deviation

Q3_1. I regularly do exercise 3.14 .344

Q3_2. I regularly go for a walk in the morning 2.00 .383

Q3_3. I do meditation or Yoga on regular basis 2.73 .468

Q3_4. I usually take sleep for 6-8 hours 1.26 .399

Q3_5. I only eat healthy food 2.65 .379

Q3_6. Due to lack of time I prefer burger and pizzas 3.05 .422

Q3_7. Due to stress at work I usually consume alcohol 3.70 .566

Q3_8. For relieving from stress I usually smoke 3.38 .440

Q3_9. I usually take proper breaks at workplace for relaxation 3.57 .496

Q3_10. I listen music for relaxation 2.84 .425

Q3_11. I spend some time on social media for relaxation 4.04 .438

Q3_12. I play indoor/ outdoor games on regular basis with my kids/ friends 2.24 .358

From the above table it is clear that the mean of variable ―I regularly do exercise‖ is 3.14 this shows that most of the

respondents have more than neutral opinion that they are exercising on the daily basis. Next the mean of the variable ―I regularly

go for a walk in the morning‖ is 2.00 which shows that respondents are disagree on this that they regularly go for a walk. The

mean of the next variable ―I do meditation or Yoga on regular basis‖ is 2.73 and this shows that most of the respondents are

towards the neutral opinion that they do meditation or yoga on regular basis. Next the mean of ―I usually take sleep for 6-8 hours‖

is 1.26 which shows that respondents are towards strongly disagree on this that they usually take sleep for 6 to 8 hours. This

means that they are not taking proper rest and are sleepless. The mean of the next variable ―I only eat healthy food‖ is 2.65 and

this shows that respondents have neutral opinion on this. The mean of the next variable ―Due to lack of time I prefer burger and

pizzas‖ is 3.05 and this shows that most of the respondents have neutral opinion on this that they prefer burgers and pizzas due to

lack of time.



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The mean of the next variable is ―Due to stress at work I usually consume alcohol‖ is 3.70 and this shows that due to stress

most of the respondents are consuming alcohol. The mean of the next variable ―For relieving from stress I usually smoke‖ is 3.38

which shows that respondents are towards agreement that they smoke for relieving the stress. The mean of the next variable ―I

usually take proper breaks at workplace for relaxation‖ is 3.57 and this shows that respondents are towards agreement on this that

they take proper breaks at their workplace. The mean of ―I listen music for relaxation‖ is 2.84 which show that respondents have

neutral opinion on this that they listen music for relaxation. The mean of the next variable ―I spend some time on social media for

relaxation‖ is 4.04 this shows that respondents are using social media sites for relaxation. Finally the mean of the variable ―I play

indoor/ outdoor games on regular basis with my kids/ friends‖ is 2.27 which shows that most of the respondents do not play

outdoor/indoor games with their friends/kids.

E. Analysis For Relationship Between Burnout And Self Reported Physical, Mental Health And Life Style Variables

The following hypothesis has been proposed for their relationship.

H01: There is no significant relationship between burnout factor and self reported physical factors.

H11: There is significant relationship between burnout factor and self reported physical factor.

H02: There is no significant relationship between burnout factor and mental health factors.

H12: There is significant relationship between burnout factor and mental health factors.

H03: There is no significant relationship between burnout factor and personal factors.

H13: There is significant relationship between burnout factor and personal factors.

The relationships have been established with the help of Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation.

The result of the same has been given as below.

TABLE 6: CORRELATION BETWEEN BURNOUT AND SELF REPORTED PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH AND

LIFE STYLE FACTORS

Burnout Factor

Self Reported Physical

Factor

Mental Health

Factor Life Style Factor

Pearson

Correlation .574** .507** .-391**

Sig .000 .000 .000

**Correlation is Significant at .01 level (2-talied)

From the above table it is clear that there is significant positive and moderate correlation between burnout factor and self

reported physical factors with a correlation value of .574 and sig value of .000. Similarly there is also a significant positive

correlation between burnout factor and mental health factors with a correlation value of .574 and sig value .000. There is negative

low but significant correlation between burnout factors and personal factor. The value of the correlation is -.391 with a sig value

of .000. So it proves that all of the factors, self reported physical, mental health and life styles factors are related to burnout. So

the null hypothesis H01, H02 and H03 will be rejected and alternatives hypothesis will be accepted.

F. Impact of Burnout on Reported Physical Factor

In this section impact of burnout factor on self reported physical factor has been studied with the help of simple linear

regression. The regression equations for the same has been given below:

Y(Self Reported Physical factors) = b0(Constant) + b1X(Burnout factor) +e ………(1)

In the above equation (1), X (burnout factor) is independent variable and Y(Self Reported Physical factors) is dependent variable.

Here b0,e and b1are the intercept, error term and slope of the regression line respectively. The analysis for the same is summarized

below.

TABLE 7: Model Summary

R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of

the Estimate

.507a .257 .255 6.486

From the table number 7 it is clear that burn out is responsible for 25.7 percent of the variations in self reported physical

factors. Next table is ANOVA table that highlights whether the modal applied in equation (1) is significant or not.

TABLE 8: ANOVA

F Sig.

104.685 .000b

It is clear from the table number 13 that modal given in equation (1) is significant as the value of the F Statistics is

104.685 with a sig value of .000. Hence it can be concluded that burnout has significant impact on self reported physical factors.

Next table highlights on the coefficients of the estimated regression equation.



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TABLE 9: COEFFICIENT OF REGRESSION EQUATION

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients T Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

b0(Constant) -8.429 4.207 -2.004 .046

b1(Burnout Factor) .499 .049 .507 10.232 .000

From the above table it is clear that value of the b0 (constant) is -8.429 and the value of b1 (burn out factor) is .499 and

both are significant. So after putting the value of b0 and b1 in equation (1) the estimated regression equation is

Y (Self Reported Physical factors) = -8.429(Constant) + .499X (Burnout factor)

From the above equation it can be concluded that 1 unit change in burnout factor will bring 0.499 unit changes in physical factor

and this impact is significant.

G. Impact of Burnout on Mental Health Factors

In this section impact of burnout factor on mental health factors has been studied with the help of simple linear regression. The

regression equations for the same has been given below

Y(Mental Health Factors) = b0(Constant) + b1(Burnout factor) +e ………(2)

In the above equation (2), X (burnout factor) is independent variable and Y(Mental Health Factor) is dependent variable. Here b0,e

and b1are the intercept, error term and slope of the regression line respectively.

The analysis for the same is summarized below.

TABLE 10: MODEL SUMMARY


the Estimate

.574a .329 .327 4.423

From the table number 10 above it is clear that burn out is responsible for 32.9 percent of the variations in mental health

and life style factor. So burn out is 32.9 percent responsible for mental health factors.

Next table is ANOVA table that highlights whether the modal applied in equation (2) is significant or not.

TABLE 11: ANOVA

F Sig.

148.099 .000b


104.685 with a sig value of .000. Hence it can be concluded that burnout has significant impact on mental health factors.

Next table highlights on the coefficients of the estimated regression equation.

TABLE 12 : COEFFICIENT OF REGRESSION EQUATION

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients T Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

b0(Constant) -7.849 2.869

-2.736 .007

b1(Burnout Factor) .405 .033 .574 12.170 .000

From the above table it is clear that value of the b0 (constant) is -7.849 and the value of b1 (burn out factor) is .405 and

both values are significant. So after putting the value of b0 and b1 in equation (2) the estimated regression equation is

Y(Mental Health Factors) = -7.8.49(Constant) + .405X(Burnout factor)

From the above equation it can be concluded that 1 unit change in burnout factor will bring .405 unit change in mental health

factors. This means that if burnout will increase then it will definitely impact the mental health which in turn will increase the

mood disorder, anxiety etc.



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H. Impact of Life Style Factors on Burnout

In this section impact of life style factors on burnout factors have been studied with the help of simple linear regression. The

regression equations for the same has been given below

Y(Burnout factor) = b0(Constant) + b1X(Life Style factor) +e ………(1)

In the above equation (1), X (burnout factor) is dependent variable and Y(Personal factors) is independent variable. Here b0,e and

b1are the intercept, error term and slope of the regression line respectively.

The analysis for the same is summarized below.

TABLE 13: MODEL SUMMARY


the Estimate

-.391a .151 .148 3.423

From the table number 18 above it is clear that personal factors are responsible for 15.1 percent of the variations in

burnout factors. Next table is ANOVA table that highlights whether the modal applied in equation (2) is significant or not.

TABLE 14: ANOVA

F Sig.

22.019 .000b


104.685 with a sig value of .000. Hence it can be concluded that burnout has significant impact on mental health and life style

factor. Next table highlights on the coefficients of the estimated regression equation.

TABLE 15: COEFFICIENTS OF REGRESSION EQUATION

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients T Sig.

B Std. Error Beta

b0(Constant) -7.207 3.154

-22.903 .000

b1(Burnout Factor) -.303 .090 .191 3.374 .000

From the above table it is clear that personal factors have negative impact on burnout factors. This means that 1 unit

change in personal factors will bring down the burnout by .303 units and this result is significant.

VI. Major Findings of study

A. Stress/Burnout

All of the scaled questions are reliable and have a score more than .7. Most of the respondents are in tremendous stress in their

business with a mean score of 4.05. Most of the respondents think that efficiency and productivity of workers are thrust upon them

with a mean score of 3.76. With a mean of 3.63 it is clear that respondents are agree with the statement that they are working in

tense circumstances. Most of the respondents believe that they are managing with insufficient number of workers due to excessive

work load in the organization with a mean of score of 3.91.With a mean score of 3.79 it is understood that respondents are agree

with the statement that some of their assignments are risky and complicated. With a mean score of 3.54 respondents are agree with

that they have to dispose off their work hurriedly owing to excessive load of work. With a mean score of 3.56 which respondents

are agree with the statement that they are unable to carry out their assignments to their satisfaction on account of excessive load of

work and lack of time.

B. Psychological or Mental Disorders and Physical Disease

Mean of tension is 3.72 which means that respondents are agree that they are having tension in their organization. Next the

mean of next statement emotional exhaustion is 3.53 which shows that respondents are emotionally exhaust. They are towards an

agreement that they have sleep problems with a mean score of 3.69. The results of emotional exhaustion are in accordance with

the study of Antoniou, A. S (2006).

C. Life Style Factors

Most of the respondents are agree that they are consuming alcohol due to stress at work with a mean of 3.70. The mean of ―I

spend some time on social media for relaxation‖ is 4.04 this shows that respondents are using social media sites for relaxation.



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D. Relationship between Variables

There is significant positive and moderate correlation between burnout factor and self reported physical factors with a

correlation value of .574(.000**), there is also a significant positive correlation between burnout factor and mental health factors

with a correlation value of .574(.000**). There is negative low but significant correlation between burnout factors and personal

factor. The value of the correlation is -.391(.000**). So it proves that all of the factors, self reported physical, mental health and

life styles factors are related to burnout. So the null hypothesis H01, H02 and H03 are rejected and alternatives hypothesis are

accepted. Also from the results it can be seen that there is positive and significant impact of burnout on Physical Disease. Burnout

is responsible for 25.7 percent of the variations in the Physical Disease. Next burnout is responsible for 32.7 percent of the

variation in the Psychological or Mental Disorders. Further it is found that there is negative impact of life style factors on burnout.

This means that life factors will be good it will help in reducing stress. A variation due to life style factors in burnout is 15.1

percent.

VII. Conclusion

The study shows that respondents are in tremendous stress in their business. They are managing with insufficient number of

workers due to excessive work load. They have to dispose off their work hurriedly owing to excessive load of work. Some of their

assignments are risky and complicated. They are unable to carry out their assignments to their satisfaction on account of excessive

load of work and lack of time. They are having tension and emotional exhaustion in their organization. Respondents are towards

an agreement that they have sleep problems. There is significant relationship of burnout factors with Psychological or Mental

Disorders, Physical Disease and personal factors. Also burnout factors have positive impact on Psychological or Mental Disorders

and Physical Disease. The impact of life style factors is negative with burnout.

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