South AfricaSouth AfricaZHEJIANG UNIVERSITY OF FINANCE AND ECONOMICS

DONG FANG COLLEGE

TORIANO COOK

Republic of South AfricaRepublic of South Africa

Location of South AfricaLocation of South AfricaSouth Africa is the southern most point of the continent of Africa.

Bordering countries: Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia, and Mozambique.

Nine provinces: * Eastern Cape * Free State* Gauteng * Kwazulu-Natal* Limpopo * Mpumalanga* Northern Cape * North West * Western Cape

Cities of South AfricaCities of South Africa• Johannesburg is the largest city, with 4.5

million people.• Country has three capital cities:

• Pretoria • Bloemfontein• Cape Town

National Flag of South AfricaNational Flag of South Africa

Symbolic “New South Africa”Symbolic “New South Africa” Gold and

Generosity.

Black Peopl

e

The Land

Bravery &

Strength

Peace

Honesty &

Truth

Brief Timeline Of South Africa

The DutchSettlers

The British Settlers

The ANC

Mandela is Released

The Apartheid

Peace Prize

Mandela President

The FIFA Soccer Cup

16521820

1912

1990

1991

1993

1994

2010

Dutch settlers establish the first whitesettlement.

Large numbers of British settlers arrive.

The ANC is organized.

Nelson Mandela is released from prison.

The Apartheid ends.

Nelson Mandela is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

Nelson Mandela is elected president.

South Africa hosts the FIFA Soccer World Cup.

Native South AfricansNative South Africans Original inhabitants are the San people. The Khoikhoi began to settle all over Southern Africa about 2000 years ago.

The Bantu people and the Kingdom of Mapungubwe (1050–1270).

The Zulu people arrived in 1709. In 1818, the Mthethwa Empire was created the by Zulu king, Shaka.

Ruled South Africa for many years before being defeated by the British.

Shaka Zulu Shaka Zulu Known as one of the most successful rulers in native South African history.

The Union of the many nations and tribes of South Africa. Considered a military genius for innovation

in warfare. Many social reforms and changes in tribal societies. Brutal and violent ruler.

Explorers from Portugal and Holland sailed around South Africa to find trade routes to Asia. The Dutch East India Company landed in 1652, created the first European settlement on the coast (The Cape Colony). Called the Boers or Afrikaaners, spoke a Dutch dialect called Afrikaans. The British settled in 1795 and took control of the settlement in 1815. The Dutch moved further inland and created the Republic of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State.

European SettlementEuropean Settlement

Diamonds and gold were discovered in the inland areas in 1867. Many British moved inland for the gold and diamonds (outlanders). Cecil Rhodes (PM of Cape Colony) attempted to take over the inland areas for the British. The Boer War broke out between the British and the Dutch Boers. The Boers were defeated in 1910. In 1910 the country, the Union of South Africa, was formed. Louis Botha, a Boer, became the first Prime Minister and established the African National Congress (ANC) in 1912 to represent the African people.

The Boer War (1899-1902)The Boer War (1899-1902)

Jan Smuts took the nation into World War II

on the side of the Allies. South Africa was a Charter Member of the

United Nations but refused to sign the Universal

Declaration of Human Rights. Apartheid (racial separation) dominated politics as the White Nationalists gained power. Restrictions were placed on all Coloreds (any non-white person). Colored voters were banned from voting in 1936. Laws forced Africans to move from cities to rural townships where they lived in poverty with strict rule. Africans had lost their native lands.

Beginnings of ApartheidBeginnings of Apartheid

South Africa declared itself a republic in 1961. The white National Party ruled for thirty years. Apartheid became an official policy for all. Shanty-towns grew on the edges of major cities to first house workers for the mines and other industries, then as the only place for the poor who could not survive on poor farm land.

ApartheidApartheid

In 1960, 70 Black protestors were killed in a peaceful demonstration in Sharpesville. The African National Congress was banned. ANC leader, Nelson Mandela, was sent to prison in 1964. Black protests against apartheid grew stronger and more violent. In 1976, an uprising in the black township of Soweto spread to other townships and left 600 people dead. The UN imposed sanctions and many countries cut ties with South Africa.

Protests For ChangeProtests For Change

In 1989, F. W. de Klerk was replaced by P. W. Botha. The ban on the ANC was lifted. Nelson Mandela was released after 27 years of imprisonment. A multiracial forum in 1991 began working on a new constitution. Apartheid was overruled for a multiracial democracy with majority rule. Mandela and de Klerk were together awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. The 1994 election resulted in a massive victory for Mandela and his ANC.

A Multiracial NationA Multiracial Nation

Nelson MandelaNelson Mandela

Nelson Mandela: Nelson Mandela: Father of Modern South AfricaFather of Modern South Africa

Was imprisoned in 1962 for fighting against the system of Apartheid in South Africa.

Released from prison in 1990 as a national hero for his political actions.

Received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993In 1994, successfully led the African National Congress in the change of government and end of apartheid.

Became the first black president of South Africa in the country’s first open elections.

Died in December 2013.

The GovernmentThe Government• As a former colony of Britain, South

Africa is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.

• Unlike most other countries of the Commonwealth, South Africa is a pure democracy with a constitution.

• The country has a three part system of government, with a Parliament.

• South Africa has a president as the head of state, with no prime minister and does not recognize the Queen of England.

The GovernmentThe Government•Today the President is Jacob Zuma.

•Government has 13 political parties with the African National Congress (ANC) being the ruling party.

•Before 1994, only white South Africans were allowed to vote.

•Since 1994, all South Africa citizens over the age of 18 are allowed to vote.

The EconomyThe EconomyThe currency used in South Africa is the Rand.

The Rand is used in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200.

The Economy The Economy • Modern industrial, urban economy • Mixed with a subsistence economy (low-

paid work in agriculture and farming)• Mining: World’s leading supplier of gold,

chromium, manganese, vanadium, and platinum

• Private sector: Most under control of the DeBeers Corporation and Anglo-American Corporation.

• Tourism is a very huge part of the South African economy.

• Tours of the wildlife or ‘safaris’ have been very popular for years in South Africa.

Tourism In South AfricaTourism In South Africa Much tourism in South Africa revolves around outdoor activities and nature.

Popular things to do: Horse riding, “Big Five” Safaris, Camping, Hiking, Surfing

Many popular mountains, beaches and national parks to visit. Sporting events like soccer, rugby and cricket also attract many visitors each year.

““Big Five” SafariBig Five” Safari

Lion

Rhinoceros

Elephant

Leopard

Oxen

Natural Symbols of South AfricaNatural Symbols of South Africa

The national animal is the Springbok.

The national flower is the Protea.

Geography of South AfricaGeography of South AfricaSouth Africa is a nation of many mountains, jungles, a desert and beaches.

Geography of South AfricaGeography of South Africa

-Table Mountain- Surrounded by ocean; to the east the Indian Ocean and to the west the Atlantic Ocean.

-Cape Point, the southern most tip of the African continent.-Grassy hills and plains-Scenic mountain ranges-The Kalahari Desert

The Climate of South AfricaThe Climate of South Africa

Season Average Month

Summer 20-30 C December-February

Winter 7-10 C June-August

Autumn 10-15 C March-May

Spring 15-20 C September-November

South Africa has four, distinct

seasons.Average climate is moderate.

Temperatures can be extreme in the jungles, mountains and desert.

AttractionsAttractions Kruger National Park Cango Caves Cape Point Drakensburg Mountains South African Coast

Facts About South AfricaFacts About South Africa First heart transplant was performed in Cape Town by Dr. Christiaan Barnard in 1967. Known as the “Rainbow Nation.” Won the Rugby World Cup in 1995. Known for it’s gold and diamonds. First nation in Africa to host the 2010 Soccer World Cup, where Spain won the championship for the first time. Zakumi

People of South AfricaPeople of South Africa• Population of about 52 million people

• 79.2% Black African• 8.9% Coloured • 8.9% White / European• 2.5% Indian or Asian• 0.5% Other

• South Africa has eleven official languages!• The native language, Zulu is the most

spoken.• English is the common language of

government and business.

Coloured: Word used for people of mixed background

South African EnglishSouth African English° South African English is one of the most diverse and varied dialects of English in the world because of the influences of so many other languages on it.¦ Dutch ¦ English ¦ Hindi

¦ Malay ¦ German ¦ French

•Many native languages of black South Africans.

•Official languages: ¦ Pedi ¦ Sotho ¦ Tswana ¦ Swazi

¦ Venda ¦ Tsonga ¦ Afrikaans ¦ Ndebele

¦ Xhosa ¦ Zulu ¦ English

EducationEducation• A single national education system• Compulsory education for learners

between 7 and 15 years old • More than 4 million have had no

education; 3.5 million have had some primary education

• Public and private primary/secondary schools

• Higher education of universities and Technikons (technical/

vocational colleges)

Languages in SchoolLanguages in School• There is equal status of

the eleven official languages, plus sign language.

• In each region, at least 3 languages are officially taught.

• English and Afrikaans are the languages of instruction/exams at grade 12.

• Although more than one language may be used, only English is used for record in secondary schools (middle and high school).

The Rainbow NationThe Rainbow Nation•Called the “Rainbow Nation” because made up of many people of many colors from around the world.

•People celebrate many holidays and festivals from around the world, like Christmas, Easter, Diwali and Spring Festival, as well as South African days like Independence Day and Reconciliation Day.

•Many different foods from all over the world!

• Influenced by Dutch, Malay and Indian cultures.

•Produce many wines, from French influence.

South African FoodsSouth African Foods• Pap• Milk Tart• Biltong• Malva Pudding