south america global cultures snyder. created by katherine snyder landforms andes mountains the...

South AmericaSouth America

Global CulturesGlobal Cultures

SnyderSnyder

Created by Katherine SnyderCreated by Katherine Snyder

LandformsLandforms

Andes Mountains the entire west coastAndes Mountains the entire west coast formed from seductionformed from seduction longest in the worldlongest in the world Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,

Venezuela Venezuela Altiplano (Altiplano (““high plateauhigh plateau””) ) Lake TiticacaLake Titicaca

fresh water fresh water ocean going vesselsocean going vessels Highest commercially navigable lake in the worldHighest commercially navigable lake in the world Border between Peru and BoliviaBorder between Peru and Bolivia


The AndesThe Andes


Santiago, ChileSantiago, Chile


Lake TiticacaLake Titicaca

Uros artificial islands, in Peru


LandformsLandforms

Guyana Highlands – Northern BrazilGuyana Highlands – Northern Brazil Angel Falls – worldAngel Falls – world’’s highests highest Brazilian Highlands – BrazilBrazilian Highlands – Brazil’’s southeast s southeast

cornercorner Amazon River Basin – worldAmazon River Basin – world’’s largest s largest

single mass of vegetationsingle mass of vegetation Llanos – savanna grassland (Columbia Llanos – savanna grassland (Columbia

and Venezuela)and Venezuela)


Guyana HighlandsGuyana Highlands

Mt. Roraima (inspiration for Mt. Roraima (inspiration for the Lost Worldthe Lost World))


Angel Falls (Venezuela)Angel Falls (Venezuela)


LandformsLandforms

Gran Chaco – marsh – Paraguay, Gran Chaco – marsh – Paraguay, Argentina, BrazilArgentina, Brazil

Pampas – temperate grassland Pampas – temperate grassland Patagonia – cold desertPatagonia – cold desert Tierra del Fuego – an island divided Tierra del Fuego – an island divided

between and Chile and Argentinabetween and Chile and Argentina


RiversRivers

three great rivers drain the east three great rivers drain the east Amazon, Orinoco, PiranhaAmazon, Orinoco, Piranha

Amazon = largest in volume in the world Amazon = largest in volume in the world – ocean ships from the Atlantic can go to – ocean ships from the Atlantic can go to PeruPeru


Climates, Plants, & Climates, Plants, & AnimalsAnimals

Amazon – largest tropical rainforest in Amazon – largest tropical rainforest in the world – over 150the world – over 150”” of rain per year of rain per year many kinds of animals, including birds, many kinds of animals, including birds,

jaguars, monkeys, toucansjaguars, monkeys, toucans

Andes – climate depends on elevationAndes – climate depends on elevation tree line = no trees above thistree line = no trees above this


Climates, Plants, & Climates, Plants, & AnimalsAnimals

Atacama Desert – one of the worldAtacama Desert – one of the world’’s s driestdriest wind, rain shadow, cold Peru Currentwind, rain shadow, cold Peru Current people actually catch or TRAP fog for the people actually catch or TRAP fog for the

water water


Natural ResourcesNatural Resources rivers furnish hydroelectric power and water for rivers furnish hydroelectric power and water for

irrigationirrigation escarpments in Brazil form water fallsescarpments in Brazil form water falls rainforest – rubber, timber, etc.rainforest – rubber, timber, etc. Brazil, Colombia = gold, silverBrazil, Colombia = gold, silver Brazil = gasohol – does not need to import oilBrazil = gasohol – does not need to import oil Brazil = #1 in coffeeBrazil = #1 in coffee Colombia = worldColombia = world’’s #2 in coffee exportss #2 in coffee exports Colombia = emeraldsColombia = emeralds Venezuela = oil in Lake Maricaibo (OPEC)Venezuela = oil in Lake Maricaibo (OPEC) Ecuador = oilEcuador = oil Venezuela = tar sands = rock and sand that contain oilVenezuela = tar sands = rock and sand that contain oil

Canada has this type of resource alsoCanada has this type of resource also


Coffee plant in Brazil

Coffee farmer sorting beans in Columbia

The Gachala Emerald is one of the largest gem emeralds in the world at 858 carats. This stone was found in 1967 at La Vega de San Juan mine in Gachalá, Colombia.


Maricaibo, Venezuela (2nd largest city in Venezuela, oil producing area)

Bridge over the Orinoco at Ciudad Bolívar, Venezuela

Separating tar sands


Ethanol fuel in BrazilEthanol fuel in Brazil

In Brazil, ethanol fuel is produced from sugar cane In Brazil, ethanol fuel is produced from sugar cane which is a more efficient source of fermentable which is a more efficient source of fermentable carbohydrates than corn as well as much easier to carbohydrates than corn as well as much easier to grow and process. grow and process.

Brazil has the tropical climate that is required for the Brazil has the tropical climate that is required for the productive culture of sugarcane. productive culture of sugarcane.

Brazil has the largest sugar cane crop in the world, and Brazil has the largest sugar cane crop in the world, and is the largest exporter of ethanol in the world. is the largest exporter of ethanol in the world.

High government sales taxes on gasoline, as well as High government sales taxes on gasoline, as well as government subsidies for ethanol, have cultivated a government subsidies for ethanol, have cultivated a profitable national ethanol industry. profitable national ethanol industry.


An early poster, prior to flexi-fuel engines, promoting alcohol fuel warns Brazilians not to mix standard petrol with alcohol fuel, and not to use alcohol in unconverted engines


South South American American CultureCulture


South AmericaSouth America

12 12 countries countries and 1 and 1 colony colony (French (French Guiana)Guiana)


Early HistoryEarly History

Inca – South AmericaInca – South America’’s greatest early s greatest early civilization – from Ecuador to Chilecivilization – from Ecuador to Chile built paved roads, suspension bridgesbuilt paved roads, suspension bridges terraced farmingterraced farming Spoke Quechua (still in SA)Spoke Quechua (still in SA) their capital was Cuzco, Peru their capital was Cuzco, Peru

buildings still therebuildings still there Machu Picchu (great lost city)Machu Picchu (great lost city) conquered by Pizarroconquered by Pizarro


Machu PicchuMachu Picchu


ColonizationColonization

Changed everythingChanged everything Spanish set up colonies in all South Spanish set up colonies in all South

American countries EXCEPTAmerican countries EXCEPT Brazil (Portuguese)Brazil (Portuguese) Surinam (Dutch)Surinam (Dutch) Guyana (British)Guyana (British) French Guyana (French)French Guyana (French)


CultureCulture

Indian, European, African and AsianIndian, European, African and Asian


People & LanguagesPeople & Languages

Argentina = 97% EuropeanArgentina = 97% European Ecuador = 7% European Ecuador = 7% European Why?Why? Indians are the poorest people Indians are the poorest people European languages are the main European languages are the main

languages spokenlanguages spoken


Settlement PatternsSettlement Patterns

most people live on the coastmost people live on the coast major cities are seaportsmajor cities are seaports some cities are in the mountain valleys – some cities are in the mountain valleys –

La Paz, Lima, QuitoLa Paz, Lima, Quito


Religion & TraditionReligion & Tradition

Roman Catholicism is predominantRoman Catholicism is predominant changing rapidly but traditions remain changing rapidly but traditions remain

(festivals, Carnaval in Brazil)(festivals, Carnaval in Brazil) some people have little contact w/outside some people have little contact w/outside

worldworld


The EconomyThe Economy

History of large gap between rich and History of large gap between rich and poorpoor

Today, middle class is growingToday, middle class is growing all are developing or middle-income all are developing or middle-income

countriescountries all have market economiesall have market economies


AgricultureAgriculture

from subsistence to large commercial from subsistence to large commercial farms/ranchesfarms/ranches

in most countries a few wealthy own the landin most countries a few wealthy own the land this has caused poverty and unrestthis has caused poverty and unrest

Colombia = #2 for coffee but also exports cut Colombia = #2 for coffee but also exports cut flowersflowers

Chile – fresh fruit and vegetables to the US in Chile – fresh fruit and vegetables to the US in the winter – it is their summerthe winter – it is their summer

Argentina and Uruguay – beef and wheatArgentina and Uruguay – beef and wheat reason they are the wealthiest countriesreason they are the wealthiest countries


Gauchos taming horses in Argentina.

Huaso in a Chilean wheat field

Brazilian hacienda


IndustryIndustry

there is some industry but most import there is some industry but most import parts and raw materialsparts and raw materials

MERCOSUR = Southern Common MERCOSUR = Southern Common MarketMarket Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, ParaguayArgentina, Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay


Urban EnvironmentsUrban Environments

very large citiesvery large cities People come looking for jobsPeople come looking for jobs rural poverty – good land is limited and cannot rural poverty – good land is limited and cannot

compete with big businesscompete with big business only a few find good jobsonly a few find good jobs slums are called favelas – surround the citiesslums are called favelas – surround the cities government has tried to improve government has tried to improve BrazilBrazil’’s poverty in the Northeast is very bad – s poverty in the Northeast is very bad –

they are the descendents of slavesthey are the descendents of slaves


Issues & ChallengesIssues & Challenges

overall the countries are democraticoverall the countries are democratic a rapidly growing population is making a rapidly growing population is making

progress difficultprogress difficult Amazon is being developedAmazon is being developed much will disappear in the next 100 yearsmuch will disappear in the next 100 years soil exhaustionsoil exhaustion

farm or graze for three years then land is uselessfarm or graze for three years then land is useless nutrients are leached outnutrients are leached out


Indigenous People of SAIndigenous People of SA

Mapuche (“People of the Land”) are the

Indigenous inhabitants of

Central and Southern Chile and Southern

Argentina.

Brazilian Indigenous chiefs of the Kayapo tribe: Raony, Kaye, Kadjor, Panara.


Indigenous People of SAIndigenous People of SA

Korubo man from the Brazilian Amazon

Peruvian indigenous people, learning to read

Urarina man

Muisca houses,

Columbia


The The Countries of Countries of

South South AmericaAmerica


Brazil TodayBrazil Today

Capital: Brasilia (moved Capital: Brasilia (moved inland from Rio de inland from Rio de Janerio)Janerio)

Largest City: Sao PauloLargest City: Sao Paulo Official language: Official language:

PortuguesePortuguese Population: 189 millionPopulation: 189 million Pop. Density: 57/sq miPop. Density: 57/sq mi

““Lonely Planet: BrazilLonely Planet: Brazil”” tape 6tape 6


BrazilBrazil

Brazil is the largest country in South Brazil is the largest country in South America – it occupies almost half the America – it occupies almost half the continentcontinent

First inhabitants were natives such as the First inhabitants were natives such as the ArawakArawak

Portuguese fleet commander Pedro Portuguese fleet commander Pedro Alvares Cabral landed in Brazil in 1500 Alvares Cabral landed in Brazil in 1500 and claimed the land for Portugaland claimed the land for Portugal


BrazilBrazil

Today Brazil is the largest Portuguese-Today Brazil is the largest Portuguese-speaking country in the worldspeaking country in the world

Culture is a mix of Europeans, Africans, Culture is a mix of Europeans, Africans, and nativesand natives


BrazilBrazil

There is a huge gap between few rich and the majority There is a huge gap between few rich and the majority of poor peopleof poor people

Middle class today is starting to growMiddle class today is starting to grow Three-fourths of Brazilians live along the Atlantic coastThree-fourths of Brazilians live along the Atlantic coast The population is growing rapidlyThe population is growing rapidly Over half of the population is under 25 years old, so Over half of the population is under 25 years old, so

Brazilian culture tends to be youthful and exuberantBrazilian culture tends to be youthful and exuberant

““train surfingtrain surfing”” Tape 6 Tape 6


FavelasFavelas


Brazilian NativesBrazilian Natives

Unlike the city-building peoples of the Unlike the city-building peoples of the Andes, the native peoples of the Amazon Andes, the native peoples of the Amazon Basin continue to live by hunting and Basin continue to live by hunting and fishing, relying on the natural products of fishing, relying on the natural products of the forestthe forest

The way of life for these peoples The way of life for these peoples remained unchanged for thousands of remained unchanged for thousands of years until the 20years until the 20thth century century


BrazilBrazil

Today, their numbers are falling fast due Today, their numbers are falling fast due to disease, destruction of the forest, and to disease, destruction of the forest, and because many are drifting towards citiesbecause many are drifting towards cities


Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro


Sao PauloSao Paulo


ArgentinaArgentina


ArgentinaArgentina 88thth largest largest

country in the country in the worldworld

Extreme Extreme landscape and landscape and climateclimate


ArgentinaArgentina

Around 500 years ago there were probably Around 500 years ago there were probably some 300,000 Native Americans spread some 300,000 Native Americans spread throughout the country (from sub-tropics to the throughout the country (from sub-tropics to the cold southern tip)cold southern tip)

Then, in the 1500s the Spanish arrived and Then, in the 1500s the Spanish arrived and began to take control of the countrybegan to take control of the country

Gradually, the indigenous population fell victim Gradually, the indigenous population fell victim to European diseases, died in slavery, or were to European diseases, died in slavery, or were killed in wars and massacreskilled in wars and massacres


ArgentinaArgentina

Today, there are only small numbers of natives Today, there are only small numbers of natives living in remote areasliving in remote areas

Most are descendents of Europeans, but about Most are descendents of Europeans, but about 15 percent are mestizos15 percent are mestizos

Over centuries, waves of peoples have flooded Over centuries, waves of peoples have flooded Argentina – the Italians and British followed the Argentina – the Italians and British followed the SpanishSpanish

After WWII, Germans, Polish, Dutch, After WWII, Germans, Polish, Dutch, Hungarian, and Lebanese cameHungarian, and Lebanese came


ArgentinaArgentina

Proud to be a multi-cultural landProud to be a multi-cultural land People mix freely, but also keep original People mix freely, but also keep original

languages, food, festivities, and traditionslanguages, food, festivities, and traditions Most people live in towns, and about one-third Most people live in towns, and about one-third

of the population lives in or around Buenos of the population lives in or around Buenos AiresAires

About half of the people are scattered across About half of the people are scattered across the Pampasthe Pampas

Large areas of the country have no inhabitants Large areas of the country have no inhabitants due to harsh terrain and climatedue to harsh terrain and climate


ArgentinaArgentina

Argentina is one of the most modern Argentina is one of the most modern countries in South Americacountries in South America

Has trading partners around the worldHas trading partners around the world Standard of education is highStandard of education is high Education is provided free for everyoneEducation is provided free for everyone


GauchosGauchos

Gauchos enjoy music before a barbequeGauchos enjoy music before a barbeque Whole lambs or sides of beef are split Whole lambs or sides of beef are split

open, skewered on stakes, and propped open, skewered on stakes, and propped up around a fireup around a fire

This type of feast is This type of feast is often held during often held during Christmas Christmas


\\


Tierra del FuegoTierra del Fuego Ushuaia, the capital is Ushuaia, the capital is

worldworld’’s southernmost towns southernmost town ““Falkland Islands – PenguinsFalkland Islands – Penguins”” tape 7 tape 7


ChileChile South AmericaSouth America’’s s

elongated stateelongated state


ChileChile

Native American peoples, including the Incas Native American peoples, including the Incas in the north were living in Chile when Spanish in the north were living in Chile when Spanish conquerors arrivedconquerors arrived

Over time, the Spanish and the natives Over time, the Spanish and the natives intermarriedintermarried

Today, about 3/4s of the population is of mixed Today, about 3/4s of the population is of mixed decentdecent

Unlike Brazil, there is a large middle class in Unlike Brazil, there is a large middle class in ChileChile


AymaraAymara

1.6 million people1.6 million people Live in Chile, Bolivia, Live in Chile, Bolivia,

Argentina, and PeruArgentina, and Peru


AymaraAymara The native language of the Aymara is also named The native language of the Aymara is also named

Aymara; in addition, many Aymara speak Spanish, Aymara; in addition, many Aymara speak Spanish, which is the dominant language of the countries in which is the dominant language of the countries in which they livewhich they live

Aymara have grown and chewed coca plants for Aymara have grown and chewed coca plants for centuries, and used its leaves in traditional medicine as centuries, and used its leaves in traditional medicine as well as in ritual offerings to the sun god Inti and the well as in ritual offerings to the sun god Inti and the earth goddess Pachamama. earth goddess Pachamama.

Over the last century, this has brought them into Over the last century, this has brought them into conflict with state authorities who have carried out coca conflict with state authorities who have carried out coca eradication plans in order to prevent the creation of the eradication plans in order to prevent the creation of the drug cocaine, which is created by extracting the drug cocaine, which is created by extracting the chemical from coca leaves in a complex chemical chemical from coca leaves in a complex chemical process. process.

Coca plays a profound role in the indigenous religions Coca plays a profound role in the indigenous religions of both the Aymara and the Quechuaof both the Aymara and the Quechua


BoliviaBolivia

Bolivia was home to the Tiahuanaco – one of Bolivia was home to the Tiahuanaco – one of the first great civilizations of the Andesthe first great civilizations of the Andes

By the 1400s, the region was lost first to the By the 1400s, the region was lost first to the Aymara, then the Incas, then the SpanishAymara, then the Incas, then the Spanish

Since its independence in 1825, Bolivia has Since its independence in 1825, Bolivia has gone through a series of war and political gone through a series of war and political turmoilturmoil


BoliviaBolivia

Bolivia lost its only stretch of coastline to Chile Bolivia lost its only stretch of coastline to Chile in the 1880s, and a large part of the Gran in the 1880s, and a large part of the Gran Chaco region to ParaguayChaco region to Paraguay

One of poorest countries in SAOne of poorest countries in SA People in rural areas tend to live in small People in rural areas tend to live in small

communities and raise just enough crops to communities and raise just enough crops to feed their familiesfeed their families

Women weave cloth and make pottery for extra Women weave cloth and make pottery for extra moneymoney


BoliviaBolivia

In the city the majority of work in factories In the city the majority of work in factories and live in sprawling areas of poor and live in sprawling areas of poor housing called barrioshousing called barrios

The wealth few, by contrast, live in The wealth few, by contrast, live in modern housing and often own large modern housing and often own large areas of landareas of land


BoliviaBolivia

Unusual because over half of the people Unusual because over half of the people are Native Americansare Native Americans

The rest of the population is mostly The rest of the population is mostly Spanish, or mixed ancestrySpanish, or mixed ancestry

Spanish is the official language, but only Spanish is the official language, but only about 1/3 of the population speak itabout 1/3 of the population speak it


Carnaval de Oruro Carnaval de Oruro

biggest annual cultural event in Boliviabiggest annual cultural event in Bolivia ceremonies stem from Andean customs, which center around ceremonies stem from Andean customs, which center around

Pachamama (Mother Earth, transformed into the Virgin Mary due Pachamama (Mother Earth, transformed into the Virgin Mary due to Christian syncretism) and Tio Supay (Uncle God of the to Christian syncretism) and Tio Supay (Uncle God of the Mountains, transformed into the Devil). Mountains, transformed into the Devil).

The native Ito ceremonies were stopped in the 17th century by the The native Ito ceremonies were stopped in the 17th century by the Spanish, who were ruling the territory of Upper Peru at the time. Spanish, who were ruling the territory of Upper Peru at the time. However, the Uru continued to observe the festival in the form of a However, the Uru continued to observe the festival in the form of a Catholic ritualCatholic ritual

Christian icons were used to conceal portrayals of Andean gods, Christian icons were used to conceal portrayals of Andean gods, and the Christian saints represented other Andean minor and the Christian saints represented other Andean minor divinities.divinities.

Legend also has it that in 1789, a mural of the Virgin Mary Legend also has it that in 1789, a mural of the Virgin Mary miraculously appeared in a mineshaft of the richest silver mine in miraculously appeared in a mineshaft of the richest silver mine in Oruro. Oruro.

Ever since, the Carnival has been observed in honor of Virgen del Ever since, the Carnival has been observed in honor of Virgen del Socavon (Virgin of the Mineshaft).Socavon (Virgin of the Mineshaft).


La Paz: highest capital La Paz: highest capital city in the world city in the world

12,000 ft

above sea

level


EcuadorEcuador

Almost half the population of Ecuador is Native Almost half the population of Ecuador is Native AmericanAmerican

Some groups lead nomadic lifestyles deep in Some groups lead nomadic lifestyles deep in the rain forestthe rain forest

While most natives live in eastern Ecuador, While most natives live in eastern Ecuador, one group, the Colorados, lives on the coastone group, the Colorados, lives on the coast

They are the only rain forest people in SA to They are the only rain forest people in SA to live west of the Andeslive west of the Andes


Huaorani Huaorani ““naked onesnaked ones””

A tribe of the A tribe of the AmazonAmazon

Only 2,000 leftOnly 2,000 left Their homeland is Their homeland is

threatened by oil threatened by oil exploration and exploration and illegal logging illegal logging practicespractices


HuaoraniHuaorani

In the animist Huaorani worldview, there is no In the animist Huaorani worldview, there is no distinction between the physical and spiritual worlds distinction between the physical and spiritual worlds and spirits are present throughout the world. and spirits are present throughout the world.

The Huaorani once believed that the entire world was a The Huaorani once believed that the entire world was a forest (and used the same word, forest (and used the same word, ömëömë, for both) and the , for both) and the OrienteOriente’’s rainforest remains the essential basis of their s rainforest remains the essential basis of their physical and cultural survival. physical and cultural survival.

For them, the forest is home, while the outside world is For them, the forest is home, while the outside world is unsafe: living in the forest offers protection from the unsafe: living in the forest offers protection from the witchcraft and attacks of neighboring peoples. witchcraft and attacks of neighboring peoples.


HuaoraniHuaorani

Huaorani families practice endogamy, Huaorani families practice endogamy, especially cross-cousin marriages — a male especially cross-cousin marriages — a male may marry his cousin(s) from one or more may marry his cousin(s) from one or more sisters on his father's side, or from brother(s) sisters on his father's side, or from brother(s) on his mother's side on his mother's side

The men may also have multiple wivesThe men may also have multiple wives Sometimes, a man will kill another man to gain Sometimes, a man will kill another man to gain

another wife; this was traditionally common if a another wife; this was traditionally common if a man had no available cousin to marry.man had no available cousin to marry.


QuitoQuito


Llamas – SA camelLlamas – SA camel

Herded in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Herded in Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Argentina, and ChileArgentina, and Chile

Tape 7: Andes Round Up or Tape 5: Andes LlamasTape 7: Andes Round Up or Tape 5: Andes Llamas


VenezuelaVenezuela

Venezuela used to be a poor country Venezuela used to be a poor country dependent on farming, but today it is the dependent on farming, but today it is the richest country in South Americarichest country in South America

Why?Why? Oil reserves were found at Lake MaracaiboOil reserves were found at Lake Maracaibo Money made from the sale of oil allowed the Money made from the sale of oil allowed the

government to launch a huge program to build government to launch a huge program to build roads and improve health care, education, and roads and improve health care, education, and housinghousing


VenezuelaVenezuela

Poverty is still widespreadPoverty is still widespread Modern cities are surrounded by Modern cities are surrounded by

shantytowns that continue to grow as shantytowns that continue to grow as more people flock in from the countryside more people flock in from the countryside looking for worklooking for work


CaracasCaracas


VenezuelaVenezuela

Vast areas remain unexploredVast areas remain unexplored Remote southwest is covered in dense Remote southwest is covered in dense

rainforestrainforest Native Americans are the only people Native Americans are the only people

who live here, leading lives barely who live here, leading lives barely touched by the modern worldtouched by the modern world

Show Tape 6: AnacondasShow Tape 6: Anacondas


VenezuelaVenezuela

In the far north tourists and foreigners are In the far north tourists and foreigners are drawn to the sandy beachesdrawn to the sandy beaches

In the center, cattle ranchers and farmers In the center, cattle ranchers and farmers make a living on the Llanosmake a living on the Llanos

To the west, coffee is grown in the high To the west, coffee is grown in the high Andes valleysAndes valleys


VenezuelaVenezuela

According to the CIA's World FactBook, According to the CIA's World FactBook, Venezuela's main ethnic affiliations are Venezuela's main ethnic affiliations are Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, German, Arab, African, indigenous people.Arab, African, indigenous people.


ColombiaColombia

Won independence from Spain in 1819, Won independence from Spain in 1819, but this did not bring peacebut this did not bring peace

Suffered from civil wars sinceSuffered from civil wars since Today wealth and power are in the hands Today wealth and power are in the hands

of a very fewof a very few Majority are poorMajority are poor


ColombiaColombia Some of the wealthiest individuals are those Some of the wealthiest individuals are those

who control vast exports of cocaine and other who control vast exports of cocaine and other drugsdrugs

Since the mid-1980s, the government had Since the mid-1980s, the government had been campaigning to stop this illegal trade, but been campaigning to stop this illegal trade, but it has met violent resistance from drug lordsit has met violent resistance from drug lords

Colombia has maintained a fragile hold on Colombia has maintained a fragile hold on democracydemocracy


CrimeCrime Colombia has become notorious for its Colombia has become notorious for its

illicit drug production, kidnappings, and illicit drug production, kidnappings, and murder ratemurder rate

In the 1990s, it became the world's In the 1990s, it became the world's largest producer of cocaine and coca largest producer of cocaine and coca derivativesderivatives

Cultivation of coca in 2000 was Cultivation of coca in 2000 was estimated at 402,782 acres estimated at 402,782 acres


What is the government What is the government doing?doing?

In the year of 2006 the Colombian government had In the year of 2006 the Colombian government had destroyed around 180,387 acres beating all records in destroyed around 180,387 acres beating all records in coca plant destructioncoca plant destruction

The Colombian government now plans to destroy The Colombian government now plans to destroy around 123,553 acres of coca plants in 2007 and they around 123,553 acres of coca plants in 2007 and they claim there will be only around 49,421 acres left, which claim there will be only around 49,421 acres left, which they claim will be destroyed in 2008they claim will be destroyed in 2008

While Colombian efforts to eradicate the coca plant While Colombian efforts to eradicate the coca plant have displaced production, they have not diminished have displaced production, they have not diminished the area on which the crop is harvestedthe area on which the crop is harvested

This disputes the Colombian claim that coca will be This disputes the Colombian claim that coca will be eradicated in 2008. eradicated in 2008.


Murder RateMurder Rate

Top 10: (murders per Top 10: (murders per year per 100,000 year per 100,000 people)people)

JamaicaJamaica VenezuelaVenezuela South AfricaSouth Africa ColombiaColombia El SalvadorEl Salvador

BrazilBrazil GuatemalaGuatemala RussiaRussia EcuadorEcuador KazakhstanKazakhstan * most of Africa is * most of Africa is

unreportedunreported *US is around 40th*US is around 40th


Colombian NativesColombian Natives

Today more than fifty different indigenous Today more than fifty different indigenous ethnic groups exist in Colombia. ethnic groups exist in Colombia.

Most of them speak languages belonging to Most of them speak languages belonging to the Chibchan and Cariban linguistic families. the Chibchan and Cariban linguistic families.

The Colombian government has established The Colombian government has established 567 reserves for indigenous peoples and they 567 reserves for indigenous peoples and they are inhabited by more than 800,000 persons. are inhabited by more than 800,000 persons.

Some of the largest indigenous groups are the Some of the largest indigenous groups are the Arhuacos, the Muisca, the Kuna people, the Arhuacos, the Muisca, the Kuna people, the Witoto, the Páez, the Tucano, the Wayuu and Witoto, the Páez, the Tucano, the Wayuu and the Guahibo the Guahibo


Columbian FarmersColumbian Farmers

Tape 1: Columbian Coffee FarmersTape 1: Columbian Coffee Farmers


GuyanaGuyana

Only SA country where English is Only SA country where English is official languageofficial language

Won independence from Britain Won independence from Britain in 1966in 1966

British traditions still alive (like British traditions still alive (like cricket), capital is Georgetowncricket), capital is Georgetown

Original inhabitants were the Original inhabitants were the Caribs, some of whom still live in Caribs, some of whom still live in forests of the southforests of the south


GuyanaGuyana

Sugarcane is most important cropSugarcane is most important crop Grown on coast where most people liveGrown on coast where most people live Mining is major activity (bauxite and gold)Mining is major activity (bauxite and gold) Rain forest covers ¾ of countryRain forest covers ¾ of country


SurinameSuriname

Located on northern coast between Located on northern coast between Guyana and French GuyanaGuyana and French Guyana

Smallest independent country in SASmallest independent country in SA Original inhabitants – Carib, Arawak, Original inhabitants – Carib, Arawak,

WarrauWarrau Dutch took control in 1600s, established Dutch took control in 1600s, established

sugarcane plantationssugarcane plantations Formerly called Dutch GuyanaFormerly called Dutch Guyana Dutch also brought IndonesiansDutch also brought Indonesians


SurinameSuriname

Large mix of peoples!Large mix of peoples! Asian, Creole, Dutch and European, NativeAsian, Creole, Dutch and European, Native Official language is still Dutch, but many speak Official language is still Dutch, but many speak

Sranan Tongo (combo of Dutch and African)Sranan Tongo (combo of Dutch and African) Cutting down valuable forest timber has driven Cutting down valuable forest timber has driven

SurinameSuriname’’s natives deeper into the Amazons natives deeper into the Amazon


French GuianaFrench Guiana

Has belonged to France since 1667Has belonged to France since 1667 Has seats in French ParliamentHas seats in French Parliament Bananas, yams, corn, pineapplesBananas, yams, corn, pineapples Europeans, Africans, Chinese, Europeans, Africans, Chinese,

Lebanese, Syrians, and HaitiansLebanese, Syrians, and Haitians Poor country – depends on FrancePoor country – depends on France Trying to develop country with mining Trying to develop country with mining

and timber industryand timber industry


Guiana Space CenterGuiana Space Center The Guiana Space Center is a The Guiana Space Center is a

French spaceport near Kourou French spaceport near Kourou Operational since 1968, it is Operational since 1968, it is

particularly suitable as a location particularly suitable as a location for a spaceport due to its proximity for a spaceport due to its proximity to the equator, and the fact that to the equator, and the fact that launches in the favorable direction launches in the favorable direction are over water. are over water.

The European Space Agency, the The European Space Agency, the French space agency CNES, and French space agency CNES, and the commercial Arianespace the commercial Arianespace company conduct launches from company conduct launches from Kourou. Kourou.


DevilDevil’’s Islands Island

Devil's IslandDevil's Island was a small part of the notorious French was a small part of the notorious French penal colony in French Guiana until 1952 penal colony in French Guiana until 1952

Used by France from 1852 to 1946, the inmates were Used by France from 1852 to 1946, the inmates were everything from political prisoners to the most everything from political prisoners to the most hardened of thieves and murderers. hardened of thieves and murderers.

A great many of the more than 80,000 prisoners sent to A great many of the more than 80,000 prisoners sent to the harsh conditions at disease-infested Devil's Island the harsh conditions at disease-infested Devil's Island were never seen againwere never seen again

Other than by boat, the only way out was through a Other than by boat, the only way out was through a dense jungle; accordingly, very few convicts ever dense jungle; accordingly, very few convicts ever managed to escape. managed to escape.

south america global cultures snyder. created by katherine snyder landforms andes mountains the...

Documents