south american colonization

14
South American Colonies

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This ppt is designed for 5th grade and covers the division of land by Spain and Portugal as a result of the Treaty of Tordesillas, the search for gold, and the effects of smallpox on the native peoples.

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Page 1: South American Colonization

South American Colonies

Page 2: South American Colonization

Guiding questions How did Spain and Portugal agree to share the new

territory?

How did Spain and Portugal treat the natives?

How were the natives affected by the Europeans?

What were the natural resources they found?

Who were the Jesuits and how did they effect colonization?

How did Spain govern their colonial territory?

Page 3: South American Colonization

Christopher Columbus Convinced the king and queen of Spain to fund his

exploration of new trade routes to India

Columbus is given rights, by the church, to control all the new American territory

Spain and Portugal compete for new territory

Page 4: South American Colonization

Treaty of Tordesillas Pope tries to keep the peace between the two by

dividing up the new territory using longitude

Spain focuses all it’s efforts in the New World, west of the treaty line

Meanwhile, Portugal sends most of it’s fleet to Asia

Page 5: South American Colonization

Laws of Burgos Natives had been treated badly in the West Indies,

therefore…

Spain made laws about the treatment of the natives in the Amercias, in 1512

Natives were not to be treated “badly”

Rather, Natives should be converted to Catholicism, and are not allowed to practice some of their own beliefs (such as poligamy)

Also, Natives and colonists should live together in harmony

Page 6: South American Colonization

Unfortunately… The Laws of Burgos were poorly

enforced and mostly ignored

In 1530 silver was found in Mexico, and in 1545 silver was found in Bolivia

With these discoveries, all the intended good treatment of the natives was forgotten in their greed!

Page 7: South American Colonization

The White Man’s Disease

Some of the African slaves brought by Columbus to be used on the sugar plantation of the West Indies carried the smallpox virus. In 1495, fifty-seven to eighty percent of the native population of Santa Domingo, and in 1515, two-thirds of the Indians of Puerto Rico were wiped out by smallpox. Ten years after

When Cortez arrived in Mexico, the native population dropped from 25 million to 6 million; a reduction of 64%.

Page 8: South American Colonization

Spain in South America Driven by GOLD, GOD, AND GLORY!!

Balboa set up the first colony in South America (Columbia) in 1502 along the west coast

Colonists were looking for gold and other natural resources to exploit

Priests (Franciscan, Dominican, and Jesuit) were sent to convert the natives, by order of the church

Page 9: South American Colonization

How it worked… Spain sets up two viceroys

to govern the colonies. These viceroys were wealthy friends of the king who were given permission to govern any way they chose.

The viceroy’s mission was to: govern large areas and do the will of the crown.

These viceroys were often corrupt and did not govern justly. (This corruption later leads to revolt!)

Viceroy Alba

Page 10: South American Colonization

The Jesuits The Jesuit priests

controlled “reduction centers” where the natives could be easily converted, taxed, and governed

Jesuits are forced to leave because they blocked the greedy efforts of the Spanish!

Page 11: South American Colonization

Spain begins to weaken…

Spain’s military begins to weaken because they lost the war with England, Holland, and France

Spain is also distracted by the Spanish Inquisition

Lost the monopoly of natural resources

Therefore, Colonies grow more independent from Spain

This sets the stage for future revolts against Spain

Page 12: South American Colonization

Portugal Cabral discovers the

east coast of present-day Brazil while trying to find a water route to India

However, Portugal ignored it for 25 years, while it established more control over the East Indies.

Page 13: South American Colonization

However, they did desire the natural resources of wood and sugar

This led to establishing colonies, enslaving the natives as well as importing slaves from Africa.

Portuguese colonists and Jesuits from Brazil settle west of the treaty line to search for converts and new land aquisitions

Page 14: South American Colonization

Do You Remember? How did Spain and Portugal agree to share the new

territory?

How did Spain and Portugal treat the natives?

How were the natives affected by the Europeans?

What were the natural resources they found?

Who were the Jesuits and how did they effect colonization?

How did Spain govern their colonial territory?