SOUTH ASIA II

(CHAPTER 8: 387-417)

KEY CONCEPTS APPLICABLE TO THE REALM

CENTRIPETAL - CENTRIFUGAL FORCES FORWARD CAPITAL

ISLAMABAD

IRREDENTISM PATHANS (OR PASHTUNS) OF PAKISTAN

RELATED TO PEOPLES OF CENTRAL AFGHANISTAN

FEDERAL SYSTEM ADOPTED BY INDIA IN 1947 PROVIDES REGIONS AND PEOPLES WITH SOME

AUTONOMY AND IDENTITY

West PakistanEast Pakistan

India

PAKISTAN (AT PARTITION)

PAKISTAN

PAKISTAN

ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF PAKISTAN POPULATION OF 149.6 MILLION 80% SUNNI MUSLIMS; 16% SHIA MINORITY SUBREGIONS:

PUNJAB SIND BALUCHISTAN NORTH WEST FRONTIER

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(PAKISTAN)

33% URBANIZED LOW INCOME ECONOMY ECONOMIC LIBERALIZATION BEGAN IN

1990 TO BOOST FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC PRIVATE INVESTMENT.

COTTON-BASED TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND RICE

SUPPORTS A LARGE MILITARY ESTABLISHMENT (EMERGING REGIONAL POWER)

KASHMIR

INDEPENDENCE & PARTITION JAMMU & KASHMIR FACED WITH THE CHOICE OF JOINING

EITHER HINDU INDIA OR MUSLIM PAKISTAN KASHMIR – HINDU MAHARAJA BUT MUSLIM POPULATION

1947 – PAKISTANI TRIBESMEN INVADE MAHARAJA FLEES TO DELHI AND ACCEDES TO

INDIA INDIAN TROOPS DEPLOY – PAKISTANI REGULARS

JOIN IN THE FIGHT JANUARY 1949 – U.N. CEASE FIRE 1980-88 MUSLIM EXTREMISTS CONTINUE

INSURGENCY

INDIA

INDIA

ENCOMPASSES 3/4s OF SOUTH ASIA’S TOTAL AREA

A FEDERATION OF 28 STATES, 6 UTs, AND 1 NCT

POPULATION OF 1.086 BILLION PEOPLE 28% URBANIZED 14 MAJOR AND NUMEROUS MINOR

LANGUAGES (LINGUA FRANCA?) CENTRIPETAL VS CENTRIFUGAL FORCES?

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(INDIA)

GDP OF $450 PER PERSON 38% LIVE BELOW THE POVERTY LINE A MIXTURE OF TRADITIONAL VILLAGE

FARMING AND MODERN AGRICULTURE HANDICRAFTS, OLD AND NEW BRANCHES

OF INDUSTRY MULTITUDE OF SUPPORT SERVICES AND

NUCLEAR POWER CLOTHING INDUSTRY

E. J. PALKA

E. J. PALKA

E. J. PALKA

GREEN REVOLUTION

THE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER YIELD, FAST-GROWING VARIETIES OF RICE AND OTHER CEREALS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH PROGRAM-1960s FOCUSED ON THE FOOD CRISES INCREASED PRODUCTION PER UNIT AREA VIA:

MIRACLE CROPS NEW IRRIGATION SYSTEMS INTENSIVE USE OF FERTILIZERS

INDIA’S GREAT CITIES

MUMBAI (BOMBAY)- 18.3 MILLION ACHIEVED “PRIMACY” BASED ON ITS SITUATION

(SUEZ CANAL) KOLKATA (CALCUTTA)- 14.3 MILLION

500,000 HOMELESS FORMER BRITISH COLONIAL CAPITAL- 1772 ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY PARTITION

DELHI (NEW AND OLD)- 15.3 MILLION BRITISH AND INDIAN SEAT OF GOVERNMENT

MUMBAI

KOLKATA

DELHI

BANGLADESH

BANGLADESH

INDEPENDENT SINCE 1971 FORMERLY EAST PAKISTAN 85% MUSLIM, 12% HINDU 139.5 MILLION PEOPLE PHYSIOLOGIC DENSITY = 3,800/sq mi 2.2% ANNUAL GROWTH RATE PER CAPITA GNP = 350 US DOLLARS NATURAL HAZARDS - CYCLONES

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT(BANGLADESH)

LOW LEVELS OF DEVELOPMENT (TECHNOLOGY)

ONE OF THE WORLD’S POOREST AND LEAST DEVELOPED STATES

ECONOMY IS OVERWHELMINGLY AGRICULTURAL

CULTIVATION OF RICE IS THE SINGLE MOST IMPORTANT ACTIVITY IN THE ECONOMY.

THE MOUNTAINOUS NORTH

THE SOUTHERN ISLANDS

MALDIVES >1,000 ISLANDS <115 SQ MI / 300 SQ KMS POPULATION OF 300,000 DRAVIDIAN AND SRI LANKA

SOURCES OVERWHELMINGLY

MUSLIM HIGHEST GNP IN THE

REALM SRI LANKA

FORMERLY CEYLON INDEPENDENT SINCE 1948

SRI LANKA

19.7 MILLION PEOPLE (70% BUDDHISTS) PLANTATION AGRICULTURE:

TEA, RUBBER, COCONUTS SOUTH (MAJORITY OF POPULATION)

ARYAN BUDDHISTS SPEAK SINHALA (INDO-EUROPEAN)

NORTH (18% OF THE POPULATION) DRAVIDIAN HINDU TAMIL LANGUAGE

E. J. PALKA

E. J. PALKA

E. J. PALKA

E. J. PALKA

E. J. PALKA

SINHALESE vs TAMILS TAMILS DEMANDED EQUAL

RIGHTS:-- EDUCATION-- EMPLOYMENT-- LAND OWNERSHIP-- LANGUAGE AND POLITICS

INSURGENT STATE LTTE – LIBERATION TIGERS

OF TAMIL EELAM

SRI LANKA

SOUTH ASIA II

(CHAPTER 8: 387-477)