Southend In-SessionalWeek 9

Punctuation

,

.

:

;

!

?

...

it’s

“its”

(its)

in-sessional

with - spaces

A

Can you think of 6 situations in which you need to use a capital letter in English?

1.The first word in a sentence.2.Names of organisations

e.g. The University of Essex3. Days and months

Tuesday 1st December4.Nationality words

France and the French5.Names of people & places

Dr Reggie Miller from Beijing6.Titles (main words only)

The Lord of the Rings / The Duke of Kent

APOSTROPHES

1.To show contractions (NB Not academic style)

2.With possessives

Are the following uses of apostrophes correct or not?

a)Sabs has four girlfriend’s.

b)Egle’s got six boyfriends.

c)Denis’ best friend is imaginary.

d)Saki’s parents’ house is in the Kansai area of Japan.

e)Jacky looks more handsome in glasses’.

f)Reggie’s accent does not sound American.

g)Don’t forget to buy presents for you’re family.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00

http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00

http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00

http://www.flickr.com/photos/melita666/4086075048/in/pool-77173807@N00

COLONS

Which punctuation mark is used for the following purposes:

1)To introduce explanations

2)To start a list

3)To introduce a quotation

Match the examples below to the purposes above:

a)Two factors were discussed : cultural and social.

b)As Orwell said: “all art is propaganda”

c)The meeting was postponed: the Dean was ill.

SEMI-COLONS

Are used:

1)To show a strong link between two connected phrases, when a comma would be too weak and a full-stop too strong.

Twenty people were interviewed for the first study thirty-three for the second.

2)To divide up items in a list when they have a complex structure.

Among the presents received by the president were three oil paintings of himself, all flattering a pair of green parrots, which were very noisy a solid gold medal and three or four suits of clothes.

Can you add semi-colons to each example?

SEMI-COLONS

Are used:

1)To show a strong link between two connected phrases, when a comma would be too weak and a full-stop too strong.

Twenty people were interviewed for the first study; thirty-three for the second.

2)To divide up items in a list when they have a complex structure.

Among the presents received by the president were three oil paintings of himself, all flattering ;a pair of green parrots, which were very noisy; a solid gold medal; and three or four suits of clothes.

NB Semi-colons are quite rare in most types of writing. Whether you use them or not is your choice.

QUOTATION MARKS

Describe the function of the quotation marks in each example:

1)The word “quiz” was first used in the nineteenth century. (to emphasise a word)

2) Goodwin’s (1977) analysis of habit...indicates that, in general, “it will be more difficult to reverse a trend than to accentuate it”.

(to give quotations)

3) “Can anyone find the answer?” asked the lecturer.(to show direct speech)

PRACTICE

Mark will dictate 8 sentences. Write each one with correct punctuation:

a)On Tuesday June 6, 1759, in the church at Derby, Nicolas James married Mary Dewey.b)Professor Rowan’s new book, The Triumph of Capitalism, is published in New York.c)How many people would agree with John Lennon when he said: “all you need is love”?d)The probability was calculated for each of the three faculties: Physics, Biology, and Law.e)As Cammack (1994) points out: “Latin America is creating a new phenomenon: democracy without citizens.”f)Thousands of new words, such as “website”, enter the English language each year.g)Dr Tanner’s latest study focuses on children’s reactions to stress in the playground.h)She scored 56% on the main course; the previous semester she had achieved 67%.

Global revenues from gambling are rising

in a recent draw for euromillions an association of nine european lotteries two

sets of entrants from britain shared winnings of over €102m $152m the odds of

scooping that jackpot were one in 76m but for those who run lotteries lucrative

returns are almost guaranteed lotteries in europe which are mainly state-run

generate more revenues than other sorts of gambling americans and asians are

fonder of casinos gambling as an industry is growing: global revenues increased

by 24% in the four years from 2004 totalling some $358 billion in 2008 revenues

from online betting are a small share of the total at $20.2 billion but are

increasing fast however the recession has hit the industry in the past year or so

casino revenues in nevada for example fell by 8.9% in september compared with

a year ago

Global revenues from gambling are rising

Insert class text here

Global revenues from gambling are rising

IN A recent draw for EuroMillions, an association of nine European lotteries, two

sets of entrants from Britain shared winnings of over €102m ($152m). The odds

of scooping that jackpot were one in 76m, but for those who run lotteries

lucrative returns are almost guaranteed. Lotteries in Europe, which are mainly

state-run, generate more revenues than other sorts of gambling. Americans and

Asians are fonder of casinos. Gambling as an industry is growing: global

revenues increased by 24% in the four years from 2004, totalling some $358

billion in 2008. Revenues from online betting are a small share of the total, at

$20.2 billion, but are increasing fast. However the recession has hit the industry

in the past year or so. Casino revenues in Nevada, for example, fell by 8.9% in

September compared with a year ago.

GLOBAL REVENUES FROM GAMBLING ARE RISING

global revenueslucrative returns

generate revenuesstate-run

gambing as an industryrevenues from online betting

the recession has hit the industry

gamblinga recent draw for EuroMillions

sets of entrantsshared winnings of

the odds of (something happening)scoop the jackpot

casinosonline betting

a year agoin the past year or so

in 2008in the four years from 2004

risinggrowing

increased by 24%totalling some $358 billiona small share of the total

increasing fastfell by 8.9%compared with

LEXICAL SETS

expectations for the copenhagen climate conference held next

month in denmark have been steadily dwindling on sunday

november 15th as barack obama toured asia he and the

danish prime minister lars lokke rasmussen quietly agreed

what many had anticipated that no binding agreement would

be reached at the conference there is now no hope of new

legal targets for emissions reductions to replace those set out

in the kyoto protocol and which will lapse in 2012 instead the

pair suggested that the best to be expected is a political deal

on cutting emissions

EXPECTATIONS for the Copenhagen climate conference,

held next month in Denmark, have been steadily dwindling.

On Sunday November 15th, as Barack Obama toured Asia,

he and the Danish prime minister, Lars Lokke Rasmussen,

quietly agreed what many had anticipated—that no binding

agreement would be reached at the conference. There is now

no hope of new legal targets for emissions-reductions to

replace those set out in the Kyoto Protocol and which will

lapse in 2012. Instead the pair suggested that the best to be

expected is a political deal on cutting emissions.

some of the blame for this must be directed at capitol hill not

only will mr obama now not sign a cap and trade bill before

copenhagen the senate is not even expected to pass one the

house of representatives passed in june its version of cap and

trade but the senate preoccupied by a debate over the reform

of health care has left climate talks to inch along slowly

behind john kerry one of the senates cap and trade

champions now says he hopes for a vote on the bill only in the

spring

Some of the blame for this must be directed at Capitol Hill.

Not only will Mr Obama now not sign a cap-and-trade bill

before Copenhagen; the Senate is not even expected to pass

one. The House of Representatives passed in June its version

of cap-and-trade but the Senate, preoccupied by a debate

over the reform of health care, has left climate talks to inch

along slowly behind. John Kerry, one of the Senate’s cap-and-

trade champions, now says he hopes for a vote on the bill

only in the spring.

EXPECTATIONS for the Copenhagen climate conference, held next month in Denmark,

have been steadily dwindling. On Sunday November 15th, as Barack Obama toured Asia, he

and the Danish prime minister, Lars Lokke Rasmussen, quietly agreed what many had

anticipated—that no binding agreement would be reached at the conference. There is now no

hope of new legal targets for emissions-reductions to replace those set out in the Kyoto

Protocol and which will lapse in 2012. Instead the pair suggested that the best to be expected

is a political deal on cutting emissions.

Some of the blame for this must be directed at Capitol Hill. Not only will Mr Obama now not

sign a cap-and-trade bill before Copenhagen; the Senate is not even expected to pass one.

The House of Representatives passed in June its version of cap-and-trade but the Senate,

preoccupied by a debate over the reform of health care, has left climate talks to inch along

slowly behind. John Kerry, one of the Senate’s cap-and-trade champions, now says he hopes

for a vote on the bill only in the spring.

But American congressmen are not alone in shouldering responsibility. Each tortuous round

of negotiations ahead of Copenhagen has lengthened the list of issues up for debate. The

negotiating text is now a snarl of material that few parties can agree upon. And big

developing countries have been almost as immovable as America, at least publicly. China’s

president said in September that his country would in time cut the amount of carbon dioxide it

emits per unit of GDP by a “notable amount”. But Sun Guoshun, a Chinese diplomat in

Washington, says that a figure is unlikely to emerge before Copenhagen. India (a much

smaller polluter) has steadfastly resisted binding targets for poor countries. Many in

Washington believe that America, just as it did at Kyoto, will not accept a deal that requires

nothing concrete on emissions from the developing world. American congressman ___________________________ responsible.

The number of issues being debated…

America is not the only big country….

According to China’s president…

India…

A deal that does not include concrete targets from developing countries…

Yet this does not mean that America will never get around to cutting emissions. During Mr Obama’s trip to China climate change was at the top of the agenda. Some had hoped that Mr Obama and Hu Jintao, China’s president, might announce a means of breaking the negotiating deadlock. Instead they unveiled some practical measures on energy.

These include the creation of a Sino-American clean-energy research centre, with initial funding of $150m, and an electric-vehicles initiative. A plan was also aired to increase energy efficiency, especially in buildings. By some estimates, China will add housing and office space equivalent to America’s entire stock over the next 20 years.

The two countries also promised to work together on “cleaner” coal (both countries sit on huge reserves of the stuff). Carbon-capture-and-storage technology for coal-fired power plants does not yet work at the scale and cost required. But James Rogers, the head of Duke Energy, a big American utility, says optimistically that perhaps only China has the resources to develop a workable system of carbon-capture, and America could reap the benefits. Last, the two agreed to co-operate on finding and using natural gas from shale. Gas power emits just half the carbon-dioxide of coal.

Focusing on measures like efficiency and cleaner power rather than targets may be the only way to get a bill through the Senate and thus make a binding international deal possible. But the interplay between international negotiations and the Senate’s deliberations is delicate. The Senate wants proof that developing countries will not get off the hook while China and India will avoid commitments as long as it seems that the Senate is unwilling to move. Copenhagen is now unlikely to be celebrated as the city where the world took big steps towards tackling climate change. A binding deal will have to wait until 2010, perhaps at a mid-year meeting in Bonn or in December in Mexico City.

PUNCTUATION AND ERROR CORRECTION

This essay critically evaluates mainstream writings on management, focusing on

theories of bureaucracy and leadership in the organization. According to Linstead

et al (2004: 4), Management is ‘a complex field of activity that requires enormous

effort and will to do well’. In other word, there is no simple, right or wrong answer

for manager in organizations since management is about ‘a relational, differential

activity involving criteria that shift and environments that change at different rates’

(Linstead el al, 2005: 5). Therefore, it has shown that manager have to deal with

the complex and multifaceted issues involving ‘multiple realities, roles, identities

and multiple loyalties of individuals’ arise in everyday work situations (Linstead et

al, 2004: 7). As a result, it is important for manager to develop reflective practice

by adopting perspectives that help them identifying and developing an awareness

of assumptions, seeking alternatives ways of seeing situations and considering

things that challenge their perceptions about people, organizations and

themselves, which are ‘essential to the development of manager and more

importantly, the better practice of management’ (Linstead et al, 2004: 5).