Southwest Asia

•Turkey, Lebanon, Syria, Israel, Cyprus lie along the Mediterranean.

•Tehran capital of Iran second largest city in the region.

•Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Israel, Syria, Turkey Lebanon, Cyprus (make up the Middle East)

Southwest Asia

•Physical Features: look at page 426-427•

Southwest Asia• Judaism: religion of the Hebrews, five holy

books known as the Torah, temple located in the city of Jerusalem, sacred to the Jews.1000bc along the Mediterranean

• Christianity: based of the teachings of Jesus. Along the Mediterranean, 30 AD. Bible has the old testament and new testaments.

• Islam: 600 AD in Arabia, teachings based of the prophet Muhammad, teachings are believed to be revealed by God. Five Pillars of Islam, Koran, take a pilgrimage to Mecca known as the Hajj

Southwest Asia

•Climate: ▫Has a semiarid climate and receives less

than 10 inches of rain per year. ▫Little moisture in the air, few clouds form

causing the hot rays to beat directly onto the land, raising temperatures as high as 125

▫Mediterranean climates in the summer subtropical high pressure areas keep the sky clear with little rain. Winter, westerly winds bring rain and keep temperatures mild.

Southwest Asia

•Desert Oasis in Saudi Arabia: underground springs force their way up to the surface creating oases. Fresh water supply.

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbfg-Qtg0QY

Southwest Asia• Middle East:

▫Region was the center of trading routes, between Europe, Africa and Asia

▫Arabian Peninsula: Mesopotamia, Palestine, and Persia

▫Muhammad: prophet ▫Most of the conquered people adopted the Islamic

religion in the region▫Also adopted the Islamic religion and the Arabic

language. ▫Persians, Kurds and Armenians kept their own

strong cultural identities.

Southwest Asia•150 years Islam was successful in governing

different peoples as one political region. •Seljuk Turk: came into the region,

conquered almost all of the Middle East, adopted the Islamic religion and ruled the Middle East more than 400 years.

•Ottoman Turks: they didn’t impost their religion on non-Muslims, Christian and Jews allowed to govern important aspects of their lives.

Southwest Asia

•1700s rivalry developed among the different ethnic and religious groups.

•Many of them wanted to establish a independent homelands. ▫European countries wanted to gain territory

and influence in the Middle East countries. ▫1800s Europeans were calling the Ottoman

Empire the “ sick man of Europe” ▫Russia, France, and Great Britain wanted to

die for it.

Southwest Asia

•World War I: ▫1914 WW I broke out▫Great Britain, France and Russia (Allies) ▫Germany and Austria-Hungary known as

central powers. ▫Ottoman Empire joined in alliance with the

central powers.

Southwest Asia• Secret Negotiations:

▫ Allies began secret negotiations how to divide the Ottoman Empire

▫ All would control different parts of the Empire except the Arabian Peninsula

▫ Arabs would be given their independence when the war ended. ▫ Sir Henery McMahon (British representative) began talking to

Husayn ibn Ali ▫ Was Arab ruler of the sacred city of Mecca and Medina▫ Husayn agreed to revolt against the Ottomans in exchange for

British support of a homeland for all Arabs, including Christians.

▫ “Borders from southern Turkey to southern Arabia and from the Mediterranean Seas east to the borders of Iran would be Arab country”

Southwest Asia

•Question: Do you believe that was fair negotiation with the British?▫Broken Promise:

France and Great Britain secretly were negotiating another agreement to divide the ottoman Empire.

Known as the Sykes-Picot Agreement. This agreement limited the independent Arab

state (Saudi Arabia and Yemen) France was going to take control of Syria.

Palestine and Iraq was going to be given to Great Britain.

Southwest Asia

•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0U2WoEfjZA

•Video clip over the broken promise •Talk about the video how the past might

have had a issue on what is going on today. During this broken promise.

Southwest Asia▫Broken Promise:

Ottoman Empire was broken down into a single independent country Turkey

Mandate- referred to land to be governed on behalf of the League of Nations until it was ready for independence.

Southwest Asia•Arabs & Jews

▫Mid 40s Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon been established by as independent countries.

▫Two groups clamed Palestine their country. Jews and Arabs

▫Both could trace their families back to this region ▫Many jews had been persecuted and were

discriminated against around the world. ▫Many Jews began to emigrate, called themselves

Zionists- named after the hill in Jerusalem to which Jews had always prayed to return

Southwest Asia

•Arabs & Jews▫Only way to solve the problem of

oppression was by returning to their homeland.

▫1882 first group of Zionist immigrated to Palestine.

▫85,000 by 1914 Arabs in the region grew fearful of losing their land.

Southwest Asia• Balfour Declaration issued during World War I

(1917) was a plan for them to gain an independent homeland.

• Arabs upset at Great Britain ▫Self-determination right to decide their own political

future. ▫Britain tried to talk to both and please both, realized

the goals of each group were at odds. ▫Both groups became violent with each other.▫Arabs boycotted Jewish businesses and burning

bridges and crops when they saw their political future as an independent Arab country go away.

Southwest Asia• World War II: Hitler in power Jews left and moved

to Palestine ▫Tension between Great Britain, the Palestinians and

the Jews became worse. ▫After WWII many Jews had no place to go and their

was a cry for the Jews people to be granted a home. ▫1947 GB pulled out of the region and left the issue

up to the UN to figure it out ▫Palestine be broken up into two states, one Arab

and one Jewish ▫ Jerusalem was going to be an international city:

Jews, Christians and Muslims.

Southwest Asia

•Arabs upset over the divided land▫May 1948 the independent state of Israel

was formed. ▫Neighboring Arab countries attacked Israel ▫War ended 1948 Israel controlled a large

amont of the land. ▫Jordan, and Egypt divided the land up that

was Palestine's and many were left with no country at all.

Questions:

•What effect did World War I have on the Middle East?

•What was the Balfour Declaration?

Israel •1948 Israel became a Country

▫One issue that Israel has dealt with is the land (desert)

▫The Negev Desert is Israel’s driest region ▫They have build pipelines, canals and tunnels

called the National Water Carrier▫Sea of Galilee pumped through the system

and irrigates part of the Negev desert▫Drip irrigation – preserves precious water

resources by letting precise amounts of water drip onto plants from pipes.

Israel

Israel

•Israel and Jordan lies the Dead Sea▫Saltwater lake▫Fish and animals cannot live in it▫They have build processing plants to

extract potash- used in explosives and fertilizer- table salt, bromine, and other minerals

▫Israel encouraged its citizens to move to the desert areas, to help develop them.

Israel

•Also focused in technology, to help with its struggling economy.

•Also developed service industries to support its growing population. ▫Almost a quarter of todays people in Israel

work in education, housing and tourism.

Israel

•Israel encourages people from around the world to move to the Country▫Different groups of Jews moved into the

region European Jews Oriental ( Sephardic Jews) coming from

Southwest Asia, North Africa, and Asia This group was less educated Less influence in government Recent years the gap between the European

Jews and the Sephardic Jews has lessen.

Israel

•Cultural division among the Jews.▫Division in the political government as well ▫Representatives in the Knesset-

democratically elected parliament▫Ultra- Orthodox Jews ( stricked Jewish

traditions)

Israel

•Israel's Arabs▫17 % are Arab▫Among these Arabs they are Christians,

Muslims, and Druzes (independent people who broke from Islam in the 19th century , live in a village in Northern Israel)

Israel

•Building peace with the Palestinians and the Arab countries that are Israel’s neighbors▫Gone to war 4 times▫Refugees (Palestinians) ▫Conflict goes back to 1947 ▫Many of them left to other countries to get

away from the war▫Most left to the Gaza Strip controlled by

Egypt▫Also to Jordan, Syria and Lebanon

Israel

•PLO ▫Palestinian Liberation Organization ▫They refuse to recognize Israel as a

country. ▫Wanted the Palestinians to be liberated and

be able to return to their homes. ▫PLO became extremists, kidnapping and

killing Israeli civilians and hijacking plans.

Israel

•Questions:▫How has Israel made use of technology in

developing its land?▫What are the main cultural, ethnic and

religious groups in Israel today?

▫https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s8VjBoZWeg0

Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Iraq

•Region: once called the Fertile Crescent, farming and first civilization developed in this area.▫Political, economic and social challenges

that affect the region.

Jordan•1946 given its independence. •Land was once dry, rocky desert.

▫Annexed the West Bank after the 1948 war between the Arab nations, and Israel.

▫Used the West bank to help with farming, build irrigation canals and learned modern methods for farming.

▫1967 Jordan, Syria, and Egypt attacked Israel ▫Jordan lost the West bank and East Jerusalem▫Hurt the economy, agricultural production,

banking business , industry and tourism

Jordan

•Movement of Palestinians to Jordan:▫Many left Israel to Jordan during the wars. ▫They were encouraged to become part of

its society. Became Jordanian citizens. ▫Jordan is a constitutional monarchy. ▫Palestinians wanted Jordan to help them

gain their own independence.

Jordan

•Modern Country and Today :▫Jordan has focused on political reform and

hoping to unite the country’s Islamic heritage with modern democratic freedom.

Lebanon

•Climate: mild climate, beautiful beaches, open social and political atmosphere. ▫Thriving economy, capital Beirut▫Tourism, banking and trade found in the

capital. ▫Civil war left country in ruins.

War broke out due to a breakdown in the political system

1943gained independence from France. Many different religious groups shared

responsibility for governing the country

Lebanon

•Power divided among the different groups. ▫Maronite Christians, Sunni Muslims, Shite

Muslims, Greek Orthodox Christians ▫Maronite's were the larges group, held

most of the power. ▫Muslims population began to grow and

wanted a share of power in the countries government,

▫Civil War broke out.

Lebanon

http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1970/1101700622_400.jpg