Sox Emission Factors

Kristin Burford

09/April/2001

ME449: Sustainable Air Quality

Overview

Emission Factors for SOx sources Coal combustion Oil combustion Gas combustion Petroleum refining Non-road diesel

Man-made SO2 emissions in the U.S. (1980)

Coal-fired power plants61%

Other power plants5%

Nonferrous smelters4%

Industrial combustion13%

Other industrial processes

9%

Residential/commercial fuel use

4%

Transportation & misc.4%

Coal Combustion

Emission Factor : 38*%S 35*%S (with controls)

developed from measuring boiler emissions relatively constant and reliable %S is the main factor in determining emission

Oil CombustionEmission Factor

based on 98% conversion of fuel sulfur 0.98 x MWSO2/MWS x %S/100 x oil density x gallons of

oil (1000) only thing that varies is the oil density (and some S goes

to SO3

Control Techniques:• wet scrubber - 80-98%• spray drying - 70-90%• furnace injection - 25-50%• duct injection - 25-50%

Gas Combustion

Emission Factor based on sulfur content of fuel

• actual emissions not measured

• conservative, assume all S -->SO2 little quantitative basis (S grains/100 ft^3)(lb/7000 grains)(ft^3/10^3 gal)(2 lb SO2 /lb

S) sulfur content* X lb SO2 /10^3gal

Petroleum RefiningNo background documentationMultiple Processes:

Separation Conversion Treating Feedstock and product handling Auxiliary processes

Converts crude oil into 2500+ refined products EF for fluid catalytic cracking units:

1.413 (0.286 to 1.505) kg SO2/10^3L feed

Non-Road Diesel

Not included in AP-42 onlineEmissions based on: travel & rate of

emissionSOx based on 0.25%S in fuel (can be

adjusted)

THE END!