SOYBEANS AND FAVA BEANS

By Brian Fischer

Overview

History of both plants Their production worldwide and in the

U.S. Uses of both plants

Soybeans

Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Rosidae Order Fabales Family Fabaceae – pea family Genus Glycine Willd. – soybean Species Glycine max (L.) Merr. – soybean

http://plants.usda.gov/

General Info about soybeans The height of the plant

varies from below 20 cm (7.9 in) up to 2 meters (6.6 ft)

Soybeans occur in various sizes, and in many hull or seed coat colors, including black, brown, blue, yellow, green and mottled.

The seed contains about 38% protein, 18% oil, 15% soluble carbohydrates, 15% insoluble carbohydrates, and 14% moisture/ash/other.

http://www.amnh.org/learn/biodiversity_counts/ident_help/Parts_Plants/soybean_seedling.htm#Axillary

http://www.nsrl.uiuc.edu/aboutsoy/production02.html

Agricultural Origins

North China in the eleventh century B.C. It is thought that soybean was first

introduced into the American Colonies in 1765 as "Chinese vetches"

Soybean has been one of the five main plant foods of China along with rice, wheat, barley and millet.

http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/life/botany/soybean-info.htm

http://www.agron.iastate.edu/courses/agron212/Readings/Soy_history.htm

Worldwide Production

In 2007, 216 million tons of soybeans were produced worldwide. The world’s leading soybean producers are the United States (33%), Brazil (27%), Argentina (21%), and China (7%). India and Paraguay are also noteworthy soybean producers.

http://www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/soybeansoilcrops/2007baseline.htm

http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/19.genetically_modified_soybean.html

Production in the U.S.

The United States is the largest producer of soybeans in the world, averaging a production of 69,682 TMT of beans. The United States is also the world's largest consumer of soybeans, sitting at an average annual consumption of 45,313 TMT. In the importing arena, the United States, on average, imports 132 TMT, which is a relatively insignificant amount. However, the United States exports 24,168 TMT, ranking the U.S. as the world's largest exporter of soybeans. The U.S. also has the highest average ending stock in the world with 6,933 TMT.

http://www.spectrumcommodities.com/education/commodity/statistics/soybeans.html

Production in the U.S. continued

http://bioweb.sungrant.org/Technical/Biomass+Resources/Agricultural+Resources/Existing+Crops/Soybeans/Default.htm

Soybean as a GM plant

Over half of the world's 2007 soybean crop (58.6%) was genetically modified, a higher percentage than for any other crop.

The first genetically modified soybeans were planted in the United States in 1996. More than ten years later, GM soybeans are planted in nine countries covering more than 60 million hectares.

http://www.gmo-compass.org/eng/grocery_shopping/crops/19.genetically_modified_soybean.html

Threats to the Soybean Crop

Fungi Insects (Homoptera: Aphididae) Weeds

http://ddr.nal.usda.gov/bitstream/10113/9372/1/IND43634353.pdf

http://www.leopold.iastate.edu/pubs/other/files/SA11.pdf

http://agronomyday.cropsci.illinois.edu/2010/tours/b1blight/

George Washington Carver

1864-1943 Inventor Among Carver's

many inventions were a way of turning soybeans into plastic

Worked with Henry Ford to use soy based products

http://www.kshs.org/kansapedia/george-washington-carver/12004

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/george-washington-carvers-inventions.html

Other Uses

Livestock feed Biodiesel Oil extracted from soybeans is made into

shortening, margarine, cooking oil, and salad dressings.

Crayons, Inks, Paints Hydraulic fluid Soybeans account for 80 percent or more of

the edible fats and oils consumed in the United States.

http://www.ncsoy.org/ABOUT-SOYBEANS/Uses-of-Soybeans.aspx

http://www.soyworld.com/

Nutritional Value

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybean

Soybean, mature seeds, raw

Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)

Energy 1,866 kJ (446 kcal)

Carbohydrates 30.16 g

Sugars 7.33 g

Dietary fiber 9.3 g

Fat 19.94 g

saturated 2.884 g

monounsaturated 4.404 g

polyunsaturated 11.255 g

Protein 36.49 g

Tryptophan 0.591 g

Threonine 1.766 g

Isoleucine 1.971 g

Leucine 3.309 g

Lysine 2.706 g

Methionine 0.547 g

Phenylalanine 2.122 g

Tyrosine 1.539 g

Valine 2.029 g

Arginine 3.153 g

Histidine 1.097 g

Alanine 1.915 g

Aspartic acid 5.112 g

Glutamic acid 7.874 g

Glycine 1.880 g

Proline 2.379 g

Serine 2.357 g

Water 8.54 g

Vitamin A equiv. 1 μg (0%)

Vitamin B6 0.377 mg (29%)

Vitamin B12 0 μg (0%)

Vitamin C 6.0 mg (10%)

Vitamin K 47 μg (45%)

Calcium 277 mg (28%)

Iron 15.70 mg (126%)

Magnesium 280 mg (76%)

Phosphorus 704 mg (101%)

Potassium 1797 mg (38%)

Sodium 2 mg (0%)

Zinc 4.89 mg (49%)

Fava Beans(Broad Bean)

Kingdom Plantae – Plants Subkingdom Tracheobionta – Vascular plants Superdivision Spermatophyta – Seed plants Division Magnoliophyta – Flowering plants Class Magnoliopsida – Dicotyledons Subclass Rosidae Order Fabales Family Fabaceae – Pea family Genus Vicia L. – vetch Species Vicia faba L. – horse bean

http://plants.usda.gov

General Info

It is a rigid, erect plant 0.5-1.8 m tall Flowers 1-2.5 cm long Fruit is in the pod which can contain 3-8

seeds Faba bean requires a cool season for

best development. Growing seasons should have little or no excessive heat, optimum temperatures for production range from 65-85°F.

Broad beans have a very short season (roughly two weeks.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicia_faba

Agricultural Origins

Eastern Mediterranean around 6000 B.C. Like the Soybean they fix nitrogen to the

soil Has many names including Broad

Bean, Fava Bean, Field Bean, Bell Bean  or Tic Bean

Worldwide Production

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Broadbean_Yield.png

 In ancient Rome, they began to be cultivated in order to feed livestock as well as for humans. In recent times, they have become less important as a human food and are mainly grown for animal feed. China is the largest grower today, producing about 60 percent of the world's supply. Europe and North Africa are also centers of broad bean cultivation

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Bean

Main Uses

Mostly used as livestock feed (Horse bean)

It is a good source of protein (25%) Can be used to treat Parkinson’s disease

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://lh4.ggpht.com/_hTt7ulSkLpI/R5ypAZTe5TI/AAAAAAAAPqA/9LmOm_VN1Fs/vicia_faba_8.jpg&imgrefurl=http://luirig.altervista.org/schedeit/pz/vicia_faba.htm&usg=__fMp8dyUxey6_nQe8cGemLbkVp-I=&h=500&w=750&sz=67&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=bEqOouXDhRiDMM:&tbnh=163&tbnw=192&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dvicia%2Bfaba%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D513%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=538&vpy=133&dur=1906&hovh=183&hovw=275&tx=107&ty=89&ei=nA0tTZKpG8L58Ab7mI26Cg&oei=nA0tTZKpG8L58Ab7mI26Cg&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=10&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0

http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/878593/health_benefits_and_nutrition_of_fava.html

Nutritional Value

High in fiber High in iron No cholesterol Low in sodium and fat

http://www.neuroformulas.com/pages/Nutritional-Facts-of-Vicia-Faba.html

Final thoughts…

Productive crops High nutritional value Multiple uses for soy Fava bean old world crop

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iVlkZVAw8Gc