space science and technology for advancing public health
TRANSCRIPT
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Space Science and Technology for Advancing Public Health
Ramesh S. Krishnamurthy, PhD, MPH
Senor Advisor, Health Systems and Innovations Cluster World Health Organization
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
• Integration of Space science and technology to health systems strengthening efforts to be more widely practiced
• Closer collaboration between Ministries of Health and Ministries of Science/Technology is essential
Key Messages
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
World Health Organization
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
World Health Assembly the decision-making body of WHO
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Relevant Documents for Discussion
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Space Science and Public Health
Special report of the Inter-Agency Meeting on Outer Space Activities on the use of space science and technology within the United Nations system for global health
UN Document: A/AC.105/1091 30 April 2015
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Report on the meeting on the applications of space science and technology for public health organized by the World Health Organization and the Office for Outer Space Affairs
UN Document: A/AC.105/1099
29 October 2015
Space Science and Public Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Fiftieth anniversary of the UN Conference on the Exploration
and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space: theme of the sessions
of the Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space,
its Scientific and Technical Subcommittee and its Legal
Subcommittee in 2018
UN Document: A/AC.105/L.297
11 May 2015
Space Science and Public Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Report on the United Nations Expert Meeting on the
International Space Station Benefits for Health
UN Document: A/AC.105/1069
10 September 2014
Space Science and Public Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Notion of Health - One Health
the interconnectedness of human health, animal health and the
ecosystem
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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Source: OIE, 2016; http://www.oie.int/for-the-media/onehealth/
One Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Source: OIE, 2016; http://www.oie.int/for-the-media/onehealth/
One Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Relevance of Space Science to SDG for Health
Leveraging benefits of space science, geospatial data
for advancing health agenda
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
• Need to understand the current needs of healthcare and public health
• Need to understand the relevance of Space science and technology to overall health systems strengthening efforts
• Need to match appropriate public health and health services delivery needs to innovative space science and technology solutions
Underpinnings
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
1
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Source: UNOOSA June 2015
SDGs and Benefits from Space Science
Poverty Food Security Health Education Gender Equality Water
Energy Employment Resilient
Infrastructure
Reduce
Inequality
Cities Sustainable
Consumption
Climate Change Marine Resources Ecosystems and
Biodiversity
Justice and Good
Governance
Partnerships for
Implementation
1
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
2
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Health Systems for SDGs 2
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Matrix of Relevance SDG SPACESCIENCEANDHEALTHRELEVANCE
1:NoPoverty Prioritizingthehealthneedsofthepoor
2:ZeroHunger Addressingthecausesandconsequencesofallformsofmalnutrition
6:Cleanwaterandsanitation Preventingdiseasesthroughsafewaterandsanitationforall
10:Reducedinequalities EnsuringequitableaccesstohealthservicesthroughUniversalHealthCoverageBasedonstrongerprimarycare
13ClimateAction Protectinghealthfromclimaterisks,andpromotinghealththroughlow-carbondevelopment
14:Lifebelowwater Supportingtherestorationoffishstockstoimprovesafeanddiversifiedhealthydiets
15:Lifeonland Promotinghealthandpreventingdiseasesthroughhealthynaturalenvironments
2
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
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Potential Areas of Collaboration 3
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
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Potential Areas of Collaboration 3
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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Potential Areas of Collaboration 3
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Potential Areas of Collaboration 3
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Potential Areas of Collaboration 3
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Use of space science and technology in environmental health and
health systems research
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
ALOS and Topographic Maps
30 © JAXA
Bosnia (1/25,000)
Source: Jaxa 2013
Topographic map from ALOS is useful in developing countries. Road network is essential to deliver vaccines and to visit medical facilities.
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Surface Temperature by GCOM-C (Launch will be in 2016)
Example of MODIS Satellite
JAXA’s GCOM-C will continue to observes surface temperature,
which can be used for countermeasures of heat stroke.
Source: JAXA, 2014
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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Mapping WASH and NTDs…hotspot analyses
Source: Rifat Hossain, WHO, 2015
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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Source: Dr Hatton, ESA 2015
•Spread of animal borne diseases
Tracking of spread of animal born diseases: Small Animal Tracking from ISS: DLR ICARUS Project
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Polio eradication project: Locating sample sites on the satellite images and tracking over time
using JAXA’s 5-m resolution DEM data
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
43 k
m
Barkedji
Niaka
46 km
1354 ponds
Zones Potentially
Occupied by Mosquitoes (ZPOM)
© C
NES
/OM
P p
rod
uct
, CN
ES 2
003,
Dis
trib
uti
on
Sp
ot
Imag
e
Ponds ~ 1%
ZPOM = 25%
26/08/2003
Mapping the ZPOM
26/08/2003
© CNES 2003, Distribution Spot Image SA
Mosquitoes flying range ~500m (Bâ et al., 2005)
A Remote-sensing tool applied to Rift Valley Fever (RVF) Monitoring
SPOT5 multispectral Image
high spatial resolution -10m
(Program ISIS/CNES)
Identify environmental factors of A. vexans & C. poicilipes presence by remote sensing to obtain risk map
Ponds detection
NDPI
Characterization
NDVI & NDTI
Ponds’ characterization Turbidity
Ponds’ area Vegetation Cover
Turbidity
gradient
Vegetation
activity
gradient
35
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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Source: JAXA, 2014
This shows ALOS 3-D mapping capacity. It is the world’s most accurate vertical resolution, 5m, among satellites.
Grand canyon , USA.
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Use of space science and technology in clinical care settings
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016 Tele-health applications, connecting patients and caregivers
Source: Ivar Mendez, June 2015
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016 Tele-health applications, connecting two countries
Bolivia
Halifax
Source: Ivar Mendez, June 2015
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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examiner on-site: space station off shore rigs
hospitals doctors offices
ships aircrafts
patient‘s home research station
ASYSTED joystick or smartphone-app
presentation of control commands
ASYSTed examiner‘s system
expert in ultrasound scanning
change of probe position
ASYSTED expert‘s system
remote expert located at: control center
hospital doctors office
telemedical expert center
SATcom
terrestrial cellular
[email protected] www.asyst.care
Source: Dr Gerzer, German Aerospace Center, June 2015
Advanced System for Tele-guided Ultrasound Diagnosis
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016 Tele-health applications, connecting field sites and physicians
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016 Source: Ivar Mendez, June 2015 Robotics and health care delivery
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
B-LiFE at Ebola treatment centre Last Accessed: 13/09/2016 16:14
http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2015/04/B-LiFE_at_Ebola_treatment_centre ESA: Telecommunications and Integrated Applications
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Application of Space Technology: Water filtrations solutions developed and deployed.
Source: NASA 2015
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Space Science and Big Data Analytics
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analysis and use of rapidly collected extremely large volumes of both structured and unstructured electronic data through multiple data sources to answer complex questions that are ordinarily cannot be answered using single datasets
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
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• Mega datasets and longitudinal data
– Details and location of telephone call logs
– Daily global airline passengers manifest
– Hourly mean temperature of all cities of the world
– Hospital admissions and discharges around the world
– Hourly weather data
– Monthly projection of populations worldwide
Big Data
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…large scale pattern recognition,
unseen unless combined by various data types…
Data driven decision-making
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C C C
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C
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C
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C C C C
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C
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Modified after: Source: Rifat Hossain, WHO, 2015
Earth Observation and Geospatial Data
Digital Elevation Model (DEM): Worldwide coverage from NASA’s ASTER mission with 30-meter resolution.
Water Resource Map: Aquifer yield data from multiple sources.
Improved water source location: Location of wells continually updated with new water projects via interactive Web 2.0 application.
LandScan Population Database: commercially available 1-kilometer population database updated yearly (http://www.ornl.gov/sci/landscan/landscan_data_avail.shtml).
Water accessibility: (combination of layers) Access measured in amount of energy per capita (calories) needed to collect water, highlighting access limitations due to terrain. Also shows populations living on marginal land without water access.
Water resources per person: Determines whether underlying water resources (aquifer yield) can meet demand of overlying population based on 50 liters per person per day .
Areas with improved water access: (combination of layers) Displays 1-km LandScan areas that have achieved water access per guidelines, i.e. at least one access point per 1-sq.km
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Integrating space science and technology as part of national health information
architecture
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Ideal Dataset Requirement Matrix for Unified Systems
Prevention Preparedness Response Recovery
Essential Medicine Essential Medical devices
Geographic Information System with shape files, base maps
Transportation assets (Airport locations, transportation hubs, Road network maps)
Health workforce (all cadre)
Health facilities (all types and levels)
Country-specific Population Data (/sub-national level; projections, census, actual)
Satellite Imagery (various types and resolutions)
Other remotely sensed data (temperature, precipitation, terrain and topology)
Data set
required for
Exhaustive List of disease/ conditions list (ICD)
Logistics
Data from External sources (National EOC/situation reports, HMIS, routine disease specific active/passive surveillance/
notification systems)
List of donor and partner agencies
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Artist rendering
Health information platform for monitoring public health combined with context specific geospatial data.
Future Health Information Platforms
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Artist rendering
Health information platform for monitoring public health combined with context specific geospatial data.
Future Health Information Platforms
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Health Facilities Locator
• Sourc Special
e: OpenStreetMap.org (data license: OpenStreetMap is open data, licensed under the Creative Comm Recognition: Dr. Markus Neteler and his team, Fondazione E. Mach, Italy
ons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 licence (CC
BY-SA);
Locating health facilities using space-based technologies:
Mapping of health facilities
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Intersections of Space Science and Technology and Public
Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
• Area 1: Space science and technology for epidemic intelligence
• Area 2: Space science and technology Health Emergencies
• Area 3: Shaping the research agenda on Benefits of space science and technology to pubic health
Space Science and Public Health
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
• Integration of Space science and technology to health systems strengthening efforts to be more widely practiced
• Closer collaboration between Ministries of Health and Ministries of Science/Technology is essential
Key Messages
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Innovation exchange: WHEN SPACE MEETS HEALTH
European Space Agency - Noordwijk, The Netherlands - 8 November 2016
Thank you