space technology mission directorate...inserting into orbits around planets and bodies like mars,...
TRANSCRIPT
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Space Technology
Mission Directorate
Maryland Space
Business Roundtable
Presented by:
Mr. Stephen Jurczyk
Associate Administrator, STMD
September 2015
www.nasa.gov/spacetech
• Enables a new class of NASA missions
beyond low Earth Orbit.
• Delivers innovative solutions that
dramatically improve technological
capabilities for NASA and the Nation.
• Develops technologies and capabilities that
make NASA’s missions more affordable and
more reliable.
• Invests in the economy by creating markets
and spurring innovation for traditional and
emerging aerospace business.
• Engages the brightest minds from
academia in solving NASA’s tough
technological challenges.
Value to NASA Value to the Nation Who:The NASA Workforce
Academia
Small Businesses
The Broader Aerospace
Enterprise
Addresses National Needs
A generation of studies and reports (40+
since 1980) document the need for
regular investment in new,
transformative space technologies.
Space Technology…
…. an Investment for the Future
2
Guiding Principles of the
Space Technology Programs
• Adhere to a Stakeholder Based Investment Strategy: NASA Strategic Plan; NASA Space Tech Roadmaps / NRC Report; NASA Mission Directorate / Commercial advocacy
• Invest in a Comprehensive Portfolio: Covers low to high TRL; Grants & Fellowships; SBIR & prize competitions; prototype developments & technology demonstrations
• Advance Transformative and Crosscutting Technologies: Enabling or broadly applicable technologies with direct infusion into future missions
• Develop Partnerships to Leverage Resources: Partnerships with Mission Directorates and OGAs to leverage limited funding and establish customer advocacy; Public – Private Partnerships to provide NASA resources and support to U.S. commercial aerospace interests
• Select Using Merit Based Competition: Research, innovation and technology maturation, open to academia, industry, NASA centers and OGAs
• Execute with Lean Structured Projects: Clear start and end dates, defined budgets and schedules, established milestones, lean development, and project level authority and accountability.
• Infuse Rapidly or Terminate Promptly: Operate with a sense of urgency; Rapid cadence of tech maturation; informed risk tolerance to implement / infuse quickly or terminate
• Place NASA at technology’s forefront – refreshes Agency’s workforce: Results in new inventions, enables new capabilities and creates a pipeline of NASA and national innovators, and refreshes the agencies technical capabilities / workforce
3
14
Permits more
capable science
and future human
missions to terrestrial
bodies. Includes,
hypersonic and
supersonic
aerodynamic
decelerators, next-
gen TPS materials,
retro-propulsion,
instrumentation
and modeling.
Application:
Returning research
from ISS and other
assets from space
Human exploration
missions beyond low
earth orbit will
require highly
reliable technologies
(e.g. reclaiming
water reuse of trash,
air revitalization) to
minimize resupply
requirements and
increase
independence from
earth.
Application:
Mining Industry and
other closed
environments
Substantially
increase available
bandwidth and
data rates for near
earth and deep
space, currently
limited by power
and frequency
allocation limits.
Assure robust and
reliable
interconnected
space network
Application:
More bandwidth for
Commercial and
OGA Satellites
Create improvements
in thrust levels,
specific power, and
alternatives to
traditional chemical
propulsion systems
for destination-
agnostic, deep space
exploration spacecraft
systems.
Application:
Improved
Affordability for
Commercial and
OGA Satellites
Allows for more
capable science
and human
exploration
missions; enables
more precise entry
trajectories for
inserting into
orbits around
planets and
bodies like Mars,
Europa, and Titan.
Application:
Next Generation
GPS and launch
vehicles
Targets large
decreases in
structural mass for
launch vehicles
and spacecraft
materials using
nanotechnology,
composites and in
space
manufacturing
capabilities
Application:
Industrial Materials
and Composites
for large
transportation
structures
Extends our reach
by helping us
remotely explore
planetary bodies,
manage in-space
assets and support
in-space operations
by enhancing the
efficacy of our
operations.
Application:
Human safe
Robotics for
industrial use,
Disaster Response,
and Autonomous
Operations
Allows for significant
gains in science
capabilities
including:
coronagraph
technology to
characterize exo-
planets, advances in
surface materials
and better control
systems for large
space optics.
Application:
Industrial Materials,
Earth Observation
High
Performance
Space
Propulsion
High
Bandwidth
Space Optical
Comm
Advanced
Life Support
& Resource
Utilization
Entry
Descent and
Landing
Systems
Space
Robotic
Systems
Lightweight
Space
Structures
Deep Space
Navigation
Space
Observatory
Systems
Space Technology focus investments in 8 thrust areas that are key to
future NASA missions and enhance national space capabilities.
Enabling Future Exploration Missions
5
Space Technology
Research Grants
Office of the
Associate Administrator
Space Technology Portfolio
6
Transformative & Crosscutting Technology Breakthroughs
Pioneering Concepts/DevelopingInnovation Community
Creating Markets & Growing Innovation Economy
Technology
Demonstration Missions bridges the gap
between early proof-of-concept tests and the final infusion of cost-effective, revolutionary technologies into successful NASA, government
and commercial space missions.
Small Spacecraft Technology Programdevelops and demonstrates new capabilities employing the unique features of small spacecraft for science, exploration and space
operations.
Game Changing Development seeks to
identify and rapidly mature innovative/high impact capabilities and technologies that may lead to entirely new approaches for the Agency’s broad array of future space
missions.
NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) nurtures
visionary ideas that could transform future NASA missions with the creation of breakthroughs—radically better or entirely new aerospace concepts–while engaging America’s innovators and entrepreneurs as
partners in the journey.
Space Technology Research Grants seek to
accelerate the development of “push” technologies to support future space science and exploration needs through innovative efforts with high risk/high payoff while developing the next generation of innovators through grants and fellowships.
Center Innovation Fundstimulates and encourages creativity and innovation within the NASA Centers by addressing the technology needs of the Agency and the Nation. Funds are invested to each NASA Center to support emerging technologies and creative initiatives that leverage Center talent and
capabilities.
Centennial Challenges directly engages nontraditional sources advancing technologies of value to NASA’s missions and to the aerospace community. The program offers challenges set up as competitions that award prize money to the individuals or teams that achieve a specified
technology challenge.
Flight Opportunitiesfacilitates the progress of space technologies toward flight readiness status through testing in space-relevant environments. The program fosters development of the commercial reusable suborbital
transportation industry.
Small Business
Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) Programs
provide an opportunity for small, high technology companies and research institutions to develop key technologies addressing the Agency’s needs and developing
the Nation’s innovation economy.6
Organizational Update
7
STMD FY 2016 PBR ($)
8
Actuals IOP PBRFY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2020
OC
T Agency Technology & Innovation 31 31 33 33 33 33 33
SBIR and STTR 175 191 201 213 213 213 214
Space Technology Research & Development 370 374 491 490 500 511 522
Early Stage Portfolio 45 47 73 75 75 75 75
Centennial Challenges 1 4 5 5 5 5 5
Flight Opportunities 10 10 15 15 15 15 15
Small Spacecraft 17 19 19 17 17 17 17
Game Changing Development 118 126 170 179 180 184 191
Technology Demonstration Missions 180 167 210 199 208 216 219
Space Technology Total 576 596 725 736 747 758 769
Budget Authority ($M) PPBE16
Sp
ace
Te
ch M
issi
on
Dir
ect
ora
te
$0
$100
$200
$300
$400
$500
$600
$700
$800
$900
$1,000
FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014 FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 FY 2019 FY 2020
Enacted / Planned
PBR
STMD Successes To Date
Solar Array Development
and Testing
JPL H6 with magnetic shielding
GRC 300M with magnetic shielding
Advanced Thrusters
and Electronics
Development
Composite Cryo Propellant
Tank Testing
Creating New Markets and
Spurring Innovation while
Engaging the Brightest Minds
Entry, Descent and
Landing TechnologyEVA Suit and ECLS
Technologies
Utilizing ISS as a
Technology Testbed
9
NIAC funds early studies of visionary,
novel, long term concepts - aerospace
architectures, systems, or missions
and inspires new technology
development across many scientific
disciplines with high potential for
breakthroughs.
Very early concepts: Technology
Readiness Level 1-2 or early 3; 10+
years focus
Phase I: up to $100K, ~9 months to 1
year, for concept definition and initial
analysis in a mission context.
Phase II: up to $500K, ~2 years for
further development of the most
promising Phase I concepts,
comparative mission analysis,
pathways forward.
GOAL:
36%
15%
44%
5%
NASA
Industry
Academia
Other
www.nasa.gov/niac
2014-2015: Organizational Breakdown
20
14
–2
01
5
NIA
C F
EL
LO
WS
39 Total Proposals Selected
& Funded (2014-2015 Ph I & Ph II)
14 = NASA Funded Studies
25 = NON-NASA Funded
Studies
14 = GOV’T Funded Studies
25 = NON- GOV’T Funded
Studies
2014 Ph I = 12
2014 Ph II = 5
2015 Ph I = 15
2015 Ph II = 7
FY 2016-17:
• NASA will initiate new Phase I NIAC awards
• Further develop the most promising concepts for
NIAC Phase II studies
Upcoming FY 2016:
• Will award limited Phase I NIAC awards
• Will select promising NIAC Phase I concepts for
NIAC Phase II studies
NASA INNOVATIVE
ADVANCED CONCEPTS
2014-15 Funding to 14
U.S. States
NIAC FELLOW Chris Walker, University of Arizona
• Highly aspheric, fast optics, star tracker, inertial guidance system
• High rate data link to Earth, strong spectral signature for H2O
• Mounted internal hardware on inflatable structure
• Extreme deformability
• Spectrochip II: Qualcomm
SCOPE:
SUPPORTS 2 STUDY PHASES:
Robotic Assembly + Additive Manufacturing
NIAC FELLOW ROBERT HOYT,
Tethers Unlimited
Mobile robot, radically different way of deploying
large space systems on orbit
Carbon Fiber Trusselator• h performance per cost
• h packing efficiency
• h launch savings
• h resolution
• h power
• h sensitivity
• h bandwidth
• With a very small amount of material, it can
make incredibly large structures on orbit
LBR: Adaptive Optics
To fly in 2018-19 from Antarctica
13
1 61
2
3
2
22
31
1
1
1
NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC)
Partnering with Universities to
Solve the Nation’s Challenges
Program # awards# University-led
awardsUpcoming Opportunities
Space Technology
Research Grants295 295
• Early Career Faculty
• Early Stage Innovations
• NASA Space Technology Research Fellowships
NIAC 93 26• NIAC Phase I
• NIAC Phase II
Game Changing
Technology Dev37 14
Various topics released as Appendices to
SpaceTech-REDDI
Small Spacecraft
Technology22 13
Smallsat Technology Partnerships – new in 2013 – annual
opportunities beginning in 2015
Flight Opportunities 117 50
Tech advancement utilizing suborbital flight
opportunities – NRA to U.S. Universities,
non-profits and industry are planned.
STTR 192181 w/ univ
partners
Annual STTR solicitation
Centennial
Challenges
4 Challenges
(2 university-
run)
40 teams (9 univ-
led, 1 univ-led
winner)
• One or more challenges annually
• Challenge competitions with a procurement track to
fund university teams via grants
U.S. Universities have been very successful in responding to STMD’s competitive solicitations• STMD-funded university space technology research spans the entire roadmap space
• More than 130 U.S. universities have led (or are STTR partners on) more than 550 awards since 2011
• In addition, there are many other partnerships with other universities, NASA Centers and commercial contractors
Annually
Annually
Twice
Annually
Annually
11
Multi Agency Priorities and National Initiatives
Space Synthetic Biology ($2M/yr for 3 years)− Investment will focus on the development of a "biomembrane"
− Syn-bio enabled, lipid-based membrane will be engineered to remove contaminants,
self-repair, and have extended lifetimes far beyond the state-of-the-art membranes
− First-ever demonstration of a self-repairing synthetic membrane
National Nanotechnology Initiative ($4M)− Nanomanufacturing: carbon nanotube structural materials and carbon nanotube
reinforced composite overwrapped pressure vessel elements, lightweight carbon
nanotube/aerogel wires and cables
− Ultra lightweight Core for Efficient Load Bearing Structures
− Upcoming Early Stage Innovation Award for Topic
Computationally Guided Structural Nanomaterials Design
Materials Genome Initiative ($1-2M)− Engaged in the National MG Initiative
− NASA investments leverage collaborations with Oak Ridge National Lab and The Ohio
State University
− NASA MGI project is helping the Space Launch System with data uncertainty for
RS-25 AM components
− STRG Early Stage Innovations 2014 Computations Materials Technology Effort
National Robotics Initiative ($3M)– NASA will continue to support NRI Grants. Each grantee is assigned a NASA center
group or lab to work with for remainder of research
– Future plans for supporting a Robotics Challenge and further advance autonomous
operations and telerobotics
– Releasing RFI seeking partners for effort in robotic mining
12
Composite Overwrapped
Pressure Vessel
Centennial Challenges
ACCOMPLISHMENTS
Sample Return Robot Challenge demonstrates robots that can locate and retrieve samples
from a wide and varied terrain without human control or terrestrial navigation aids.
• In the 2014 challenge, West Virginia University accomplished Level I and was
awarded $5,000.
• In 2015, 27 teams are registered to compete June 9-12, 2015.
Cube Quest Communications and Propulsion Challenge will demonstrate communication
and propulsion technologies relevant to trans-lunar space exploration.
• Registration opened Nov. 24, 2014. Six teams registered as of May 2015.
• Competitor summit held at Ames Research Center with 150+ participants.
Mars Ascent Vehicle Challenge demonstrates the ability to autonomously recover, load,
and launch a simulated Mars sample cache.
• Competition held April 7-11, 2015
• North Carolina State Univ awarded $25,000 for 1st Place and Tarleton State Univ
awarded $15,000 for second place.
FY 2016-17 PLANS
• Announce and open new challenges focused on additive manufacturing and humanoid
robotics.
• Additional topics being reviewed for potential challenges include: tissue engineering,
airship technology, planetary sample cache rendezvous and capture, and technologies
to enable future exploration of Europa and Venus.
Goal: Engage non-traditional participants such as makers, non-government funded
entities, and educational institutions to achieve the nation’s challenging technology goals.
How: Offers competitive challenges that award prize money to the individuals or teams
that achieve the specified technology requirements.
Flight Opportunities
Highlights: FY2015
• UP Aerospace Corporation successfully launched SpaceLoft-9 (SL-9) with four payloads in October 2014 from the New Mexico Spaceport; SL-10 flight planned for Oct 2015
• Masten Space Systems completed in December 2014 a flight campaign for a JPL landing technology that could be considered for use in Mars 2020 mission.
• World View flew PAMSS and a cosmic ray calorimeter developed by Gannon U. on their Tycho-20 high-altitude balloon (March 2015)
• Near Space Corporation (NSC) flew Airborne Systems Guided Parafoil twice to an altitude of about 60,000 ft; autonomous steering/landing within 33m (12km range) -70m (46km range) from programmed impact point (Aug 6 and Aug 8)
• Conducted three parabolic flight campaigns on NASA C9 and is on track to conduct three more campaigns before the end of Calendar Year 2015
• Program has engaged emerging commercial space companies through an Announcement of Collaborative Opportunity (Topics 1&5) released on 21 June 2015
• Program expects to on-ramp at least one new flight provider before the end of Calendar Year 2015
Budget:• FY2015: $10M
• Total funding FY2012-FY2015: $40M
Goals:• Matures technologies by providing affordable
access to space environments
• Facilitates the development of the commercial reusable suborbital transportation industry
Flights:• Four companies on contract to provide integration
and flight services aboard commercial reusable sub-orbital vehicles (Masten, UP Aerospace, Virgin, and World View)
• Uses suborbital/parabolic flights to carry payloads in reduced gravity and near the boundary of space
Payloads:• FY11-FY14:Unfunded payloads selected though
Announcements of Flight Opportunities (AFO)
• FY14-FY15:SpaceTech REDDI NRA to make funds available for purchase of commercial flights
• Collaborating with Science Mission Directorate (e.g., USIP) and other NASA programs to make space available for technologies appropriate for the available platforms within the program
Plans for FY 2016 to FY 2017• Program plans to release technology payload solicitations semi-annually• Program plans to solicit internal payloads requiring flights from NASA programs• With increasing demand for flights, the program will support additional flights on suborbital
reusable platforms, conducting one or more flights every month
Small Spacecraft Technology Upcoming Flight Demonstrations
2015 2016
EDSN2012 Oct 29, 2015
Dec 3, 2015Nodes
Oct 8, 2015 & Jan 2016
Jan 2016
Oct 14, 2015
OCSD2013
2013
2013
CPOD
ISARA Jan 2016
MaraiaEDSN: Edison Demonstration of Smallsat NetworksISARA: Integrated Solar Array and Reflectarray AntennaOCSD: Optical Communications and Sensor DemonstrationCPOD: Cubesat Proximity Operations Demonstration
2014
2014
A B&C
FLIGHT HARDWARE
EDSNNodes
CPODOCSD
Maraia
A low-cost cubesat swarm for distributed science observations
STARTDATE
EDSN with enhanced communication capabilities
Laser communications, formation flight, and propulsion
Autonomous rendezvous and docking
High band-width communications
Suborbital test of a small re-entry capsule
LAUNCH
ISARAEngineering Unit
Technology Investment:
Green Propellant Infusion Mission
16
Technology Investment:
Deep Space Atomic Clock
1717
Spacecraft
Disturbance
Isolation
Point-
Ahead
Mirror
Flight Laser
Transceiver Electronics
& Control
Laser
Transmitter
Photon-
Counting
Camera
Technology Investment:
Optical Space Communication
Laser Communication Relay
Demonstration
Solar Arrays
Power Processing Units (PPUs)
Thrusters
Propellant Feed System &
Storage Tanks
Technology Investment: High Power Solar Electric Propulsion
SEP Applications
SEP
“Space Tugboat”
19
Technology Investment:
Entry, Descent, and Landing
20Low Density Supersonic Decelerator
Inflatable (THOR) or Mechanically Deployable
(ADEPT) Entry Systems
Supersonic Retro Propulsion
20
Computer Modeling and Data
Instrumentation
3-D, multi-layer preform weaving
technology for thermal protection
LDSD Testing Videos
21
Rocket Sled PDV2 SSRS, Feb. 18, 2015
SFDT2 High Altitude Supersonic FlightSFDT2 High Resolution Deployments
SFDT 2 Damage Progression
22
Technology Investment:
Advanced Life Support and
In-Situ Resource Utilization
23
Alternate Water Processor Advanced Oxygen Recovery
Portable Life
Support
System
Integrated
Test
Variable Oxygen
Regulator 3.0Mars Oxygen ISRU
Experiment (MOXIE)
Mars 2020 Rover
Life Support aboard ISS
23
Technology Investment: Advanced Launch Systems
24
Additive Manufacturing for
combustion chambers and nozzles Composite Cryotank and dry
structures
Composites for upper
stageNanotechnologyeCryo for upper stage
nano fiber electrode carbon nano fiber array
24
Advancing Deep Space Capabilities:
Progress through Missions
25
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL)Entry Descent and Landing
56
Mars 2020In-situ resource utilization (ISRU):
Discovery 2014 Deep-space optical communications
and Thermal Protection Systems
Asteroid Redirect MissionIn Space Propulsion System
Orion EM-1Thermal Protection
System
Key Milestones in 2015-16
Green Propellant: demonstrates propellant formula, thrusters, and
integrated propulsion system, for higher performing, safe
alternative to highly toxic hydrazine. (Launch STP-2 NET 9/2016)
Deep Space Atomic New space clock improving navigational
accuracy for deep space (Launch STP-2 NET 9/2016)
Purchasing major subsystems for Solar Electric Propulsion and
Laser Communications demonstrations
Small Spacecraft Technology: Planning seven cubesat/smallsat
technology demonstration flights over the next five months.
Establishing Public-Private Partnerships
– Released Tipping Point and Announcement of Collaborative
Opportunity solicitations with awards in FY16.
26
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Technology Drives Exploration
#NASATech #321Techoff
27
Space Technology Drive Exploration
28
• BACK UP SLIDES
29
Advancing Deep Space Capabilities:
Progress through Missions
30
Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) – First-ever comprehensive entry, descent, and landing (EDL) measurements on
flight through Martian atmosphere in 2012 landing
– Understanding the Martian environment: measurements of water, atmosphere,
and radiation
Mars 2020– In-situ resource utilization (ISRU): Demonstrate oxygen conversion on Mars 2020
– Continue EDL measurements on landing and include first-ever measurements on
backshell
Discovery 2014 – Thermal protection system (TPS): New class of materials (woven TPS) in
development for Venus entry in Discovery 14 Opportunity
– Deep-space optical communications: First-ever demonstration of high-
bandwidth communications from deep-space
Orion EM-1– Thermal Protection System: Variant of woven TPS will be flown on EM-1 mission
as the compression pads.
Asteroid Redirect Mission – In-space propulsion and power: high-power solar electric propulsion
demonstration
– Possible demonstration of high-power solar arrays on ISS56
STMD Investments to Advance Future Capabilities
of Space Launch System (SLS) & Orion
Composite cryogenic propellant tanks (CCPT) and Composite
Evolvable Upper Stage (CEUS), develops composite technologies
for SLS upgrades
Evolvable Cryogenics (eCryo) develops advanced cryogenic
propellant management technologies, and high capacity
cryocoolers for SLS future missions
Additive manufacturing of upper stage injectors, combustion
chambers and nozzles for potential SLS upgrades
Phase change material heat exchangers for Orion in lunar orbit
3D Woven ablative TPS for Orion heat shield compression pads
Advanced oxygen recovery for Orion upgrades
31
STMD Investments to Advance
Human Exploration
High Powered SEP – cargo & logistics transportation to Mars
Small Fission Power / Stirling Cycle – Mars surface power
HIAD / ADEPT – deployable entry systems for large downmass
LDSD – supersonic aerodynamic decelerators & supersonic
retro-propulsion for the descent of large landed mass at Mars
Woven TPS – more efficient & flexible TPS materials for entry
Closed loop air & water recovery – reduced consumables
Mars atmospheric ISRU (oxygen) – life support and ascent
vehicle oxidizer
Humanoid robotics – enhanced exploration / reduced crew load
Optical communications – high bandwidth communications
32
Entry, Descent, & Landing
– MEDLI, MEDLI2 & Entry Systems Modeling – Mars EDL systems design
– Woven TPS (HEEET) – Venus, Mars & Outer Planets
– Low Density Supersonic Decelerator (LDSD) – Increased mass to Mars surface
– Adaptable, Deployable Entry Placement Technology (ADEPT) – deployable heat
shields for Venus and Mars provides much lower entry loads
Propulsion & Power
– Green Propellant Infusion Mission (GPIM)- alternative to hydrazine
– Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) – enabling new science missions
– Small Fission – power for outer planet missions
Communication & Navigation
– Deep Space Optical Comm. (DSOC) & Laser Communication Relay Demo
(LCRD) – up to 10x data return for planetary and near-Earth missions
– NICER/SEXTANT & Deep Space Atomic Clock (DSAC) – Highly accurate
deep space navigation, higher duty cycle for DSN data return
Instruments, Sensors, & Thermal
– High Performance Spaceflight Computing – broadly applicable to science
missions
– AFTA / WFIRST Coronagraph – to perform direct observations of exoplanets and
determining their atmospheric content
Advancing Science
Mission Capabilities
33
STMD Investments to Advance
Outer Planetary Exploration
Technologies in FY 2015-2016 Deep Space Optical Communications
Deep Space Atomic Clock
High Performance Space Computing
Small Nuclear Fission / Sterling Power (kilo-power)
Woven TPS for aerocapture and outer-planetary entry
Europa Ice Penetration Challenge
Enabling Outer Planet ExplorationTechnology investments in power (solar and nuclear), radiation protection,
sensing, landing, navigation, and communications could enable a broad set of
small missions to compelling planetary science targets
STMD is developing TPS and deep space communication technologiesfor infusion in SMD’s Discovery 2014 Announcement
3434
Structures and Materials– Composite Exploration Upper Stage (CEUS) – Composite
structures for improved launch vehicle performance
– Manufacturing–Materials, Nanotechnology and Manf. Processes
Propulsion & Power– Green Propellant Infusion Mission – improved spacecraft
performance & reduced toxicity and ground processing costs
– Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP) – enabling increased power,
reduced mass and longer life for commercial communication
satellites
Communication & Navigation– LCRD – replacing RF based gateway links with optical links and
reduce RF spectrum utilization on commercial satellites
– Deep Space Atomic Clock – improved timing for next generation
GPS satellites
Instruments, Sensors, & Robotics– High Performance Spaceflight Computing – for more capable
radiation hard avionics for commercial communication satellites
– Human Robotic Systems (R5) – to perform environmentally
hazardous tasks and operate within terrestrial settings
STMD- Aerospace Industry
Alignment Examples
35