Space – The Final FrontierSpace – The Final Frontier

What is out there?What is out there?

Ever since mankind has looked up at the Ever since mankind has looked up at the moon and stars, we have wandered about moon and stars, we have wandered about life in the universe.life in the universe.

Chuck YeagerChuck Yeager

Chuck Yeager of WVChuck Yeager of WV

Chuck Yeager was born and raised in WV.Chuck Yeager was born and raised in WV. In 1947, Chuck Yeager drove the first plane In 1947, Chuck Yeager drove the first plane

to break the sound barrier.to break the sound barrier. US was ahead of the world in the space US was ahead of the world in the space

race.race.

But then………But then………

Space Race BeginsSpace Race Begins

History changed on October 4, 1957, when the History changed on October 4, 1957, when the Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The Soviet Union successfully launched Sputnik I. The world's first artificial satellite was about the size of world's first artificial satellite was about the size of a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took a basketball, weighed only 183 pounds, and took about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical about 98 minutes to orbit the Earth on its elliptical path. That launch ushered in new political, military, path. That launch ushered in new political, military, technological, and scientific developments. While technological, and scientific developments. While the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the Sputnik launch was a single event, it marked the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R the start of the space age and the U.S.-U.S.S.R space race. space race.

Sputnik 1

VanguardVanguard

The US thought they would be the first to The US thought they would be the first to successfully launch a satellite into space. successfully launch a satellite into space. They put together a scientific team and They put together a scientific team and began working on Vanguard.began working on Vanguard.

Vanguard

US vs RussiaUS vs Russia

The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a The Sputnik launch changed everything. As a technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world's technical achievement, Sputnik caught the world's attention and the American public off-guard. Its attention and the American public off-guard. Its size was more impressive than Vanguard's size was more impressive than Vanguard's intended 3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public intended 3.5-pound payload. In addition, the public feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites feared that the Soviets' ability to launch satellites also translated into the capability to launch ballistic also translated into the capability to launch ballistic missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from missiles that could carry nuclear weapons from Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again; Europe to the U.S. Then the Soviets struck again; on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying on November 3, Sputnik II was launched, carrying a much heavier payload, including a dog named a much heavier payload, including a dog named Laika.  Laika. 

Explorer 1Explorer 1

Explorer project – 4 months after Sputnik Explorer project – 4 months after Sputnik US sent Explorer 1 into space.US sent Explorer 1 into space.

First Man in SpaceFirst Man in SpaceYuri Gagarin – Russian CosmonautYuri Gagarin – Russian Cosmonaut

April 12, 1961 - Russian April 12, 1961 - Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first human in became the first human in space, making a 108-minute space, making a 108-minute orbital flight in his Vostok 1 orbital flight in his Vostok 1 spacecraft. spacecraft.

Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard Mercury astronaut Alan Shepard became the first American in became the first American in space less than a month later. space less than a month later. 

May 5, 1961Alan B. Shepard, Jr.

Mercury-Redstone 3FREEDOM 7

15 minutes, 28 secondsSuborbital flight that successfully put the first American in space.

Space Probes (Satellites) Space Probes (Satellites)

MarinerMariner Viking 1 and 2 (summer 1976) 1Viking 1 and 2 (summer 1976) 1stst successful successful

landing on mars. Designed to explore inner landing on mars. Designed to explore inner planetsplanets

Voyager 1 and 2 designed to explore outer planetsVoyager 1 and 2 designed to explore outer planets Galileo – 1989 – The 1Galileo – 1989 – The 1stst probe to orbit Jupiter and probe to orbit Jupiter and

sent a smaller probe into it’s atmosphere. sent a smaller probe into it’s atmosphere. Launched from a space shuttle.Launched from a space shuttle.

Mariner ProjectMariner Project

The Mariner Project was a series of US The Mariner Project was a series of US space probes build to provide information on space probes build to provide information on the inner planets – Mercury, Venus, and the inner planets – Mercury, Venus, and Mars. Mars.

Mariner 2 launched in 1962.Mariner 2 launched in 1962. Many embarrassing disasters on the launch Many embarrassing disasters on the launch

pad at Cape Canaveral. pad at Cape Canaveral.

Mariner I failed on launch pad.

VoyagerVoyager

The Mariner Project was renamedThe Mariner Project was renamed

Voyager.Voyager.

Voyager 1 launched from Kennedy Space Voyager 1 launched from Kennedy Space Center September 1977. In 1980 it Center September 1977. In 1980 it approached Saturn.approached Saturn.

Voyager 2 launched from Cape Canaveral in Voyager 2 launched from Cape Canaveral in 1977 also.1977 also.

Voyager images

NASANASA

The The National Aeronautics and Space National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationAdministration ( (NASANASA) is an agency of the ) is an agency of the United States federal government, , responsible for the nation's public responsible for the nation's public space program. Established on . Established on July 29, , 1958, by the , by the National Aeronautics and Space Act..

Space CentersSpace Centers

Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. Mostly a manned spacecraft center. Mostly a manned spacecraft center. Established in 1965.Established in 1965.

Kennedy Space Center – Cape Canaveral Kennedy Space Center – Cape Canaveral Florida. Mostly a satellite and shuttle center.Florida. Mostly a satellite and shuttle center.

Other places include Mississippi.Other places include Mississippi.

Manned Space ProgramManned Space Program

Mercury ProgramMercury Program

Mercury ProgramMercury Program

The Mercury Program (1960 – 1962)The Mercury Program (1960 – 1962) 11stst program to put an astronaut into space. program to put an astronaut into space.

Mercury-Redstone 3FREEDOM 7May 5, 1961

Alan B. Shepard, Jr.15 minutes, 28 seconds

Suborbital flight that successfully put the first American in space.

Gemini ProgramGemini Program

Was a manned space program to put 2 men Was a manned space program to put 2 men into space – hence the name Gemini which into space – hence the name Gemini which means twin.means twin.

•To subject man and equipment to space flight up to two weeks in duration. •To rendezvous and dock with orbiting vehicles and to maneuver the docked combination by using the target vehicle's propulsion system; •To perfect methods of entering the atmosphere and landing at a preselected point on land. Its goals were also met, with the exception of a land landing, which was cancelled in 1964.

Gemini Launch

The Apollo ProgramThe Apollo Program

Walter Conkrite News Clip Walter Conkrite News Clip https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TYuXj5sq6A

Project ApolloProject Apollo was a series of was a series of human spaceflight missions missions undertaken by undertaken by NASA, on behalf of the , on behalf of the United States of America. The program used the . The program used the Apollo spacecraft and and Saturn launch vehicle, and was , and was conducted during the years 1961 – 1975. It was devoted to conducted during the years 1961 – 1975. It was devoted to the goal (in the goal (in U.S. President John F. Kennedy's famous words) 's famous words) of "landing a man on the of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to and returning him safely to the Earth" within the decade of the 1960s. This goal was the Earth" within the decade of the 1960s. This goal was achieved with the achieved with the Apollo 11Apollo 11 mission in July 1969. mission in July 1969.

The US Space ShuttleThe US Space Shuttle

The US space shuttle was designed to be The US space shuttle was designed to be launched into space by rockets and then to launched into space by rockets and then to return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down return to the Earth’s surface by gliding down and landing on a runway. It was first used in and landing on a runway. It was first used in the 1980’s. the 1980’s.

It is the first reusable spacecraft. It is the first reusable spacecraft.

Shuttle MissionsShuttle Missions

ColumbiaColumbia, , ChallengerChallenger, , DiscoveryDiscovery and and AtlantisAtlantis. . ChallengerChallenger was destroyed on was destroyed on launch in 1986, and launch in 1986, and EndeavourEndeavour was built as was built as a replacement. a replacement. ColumbiaColumbia was destroyed on was destroyed on re-entry in 2003. re-entry in 2003.

Challenger Crew

The International Space StationThe International Space Station

A joint effort between 5 space agencies.A joint effort between 5 space agencies. The agencies include the US, Russia, The agencies include the US, Russia,

Japan, Canada, and Europe.Japan, Canada, and Europe. It orbits in low earth orbit.It orbits in low earth orbit. The station has continuous people staying The station has continuous people staying

since it was first occupied in 2000.since it was first occupied in 2000.

BENEFITS FROM SPACEBENEFITS FROM SPACE

Space exploration has allowed humans to learn much about the Space exploration has allowed humans to learn much about the workings of the solar system, the composition of planets and moons, workings of the solar system, the composition of planets and moons, and the effects of many types of solar radiation on the Earth and its and the effects of many types of solar radiation on the Earth and its inhabitants. In preparing for the challenges of space exploration, inhabitants. In preparing for the challenges of space exploration, people have developed tools and products that have become very people have developed tools and products that have become very important in enriching our lives. Humans have traveled to the moon, important in enriching our lives. Humans have traveled to the moon, landed probes on Mars and Venus, and sent probes speeding past landed probes on Mars and Venus, and sent probes speeding past Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. An International Space Station, through Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. An International Space Station, through the joint effort of many countries, was built to allow space to be studied the joint effort of many countries, was built to allow space to be studied continually. We also had the Hubble Telescope built so scientists could continually. We also had the Hubble Telescope built so scientists could learn much more about the uniqueness of Earth and its place in our learn much more about the uniqueness of Earth and its place in our solar system and universe. Scientists have also learned that there are solar system and universe. Scientists have also learned that there are millions of galaxies in space, each containing solar systemsmillions of galaxies in space, each containing solar systems

BENEFITS FROM SPACEBENEFITS FROM SPACE

Many of our modern conveniences such as microwaves and hand Many of our modern conveniences such as microwaves and hand held calculators are the result of products developed for use in the held calculators are the result of products developed for use in the space program. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is part of NASA's fleet space program. The Chandra X-ray Observatory is part of NASA's fleet of "Great Observatories" along with the Hubble Space Telescope, the of "Great Observatories" along with the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitizer Space Telescope and the now de-orbited Compton Gamma Spitizer Space Telescope and the now de-orbited Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. Chandra allows scientists from around the world to Ray Observatory. Chandra allows scientists from around the world to obtain X-ray images of exotic environments to help understand the obtain X-ray images of exotic environments to help understand the structure and evolution of the universe. Other telescopes, such as the structure and evolution of the universe. Other telescopes, such as the Fermi-Gamma-ray Space Telescope has unveiled a previously unseen Fermi-Gamma-ray Space Telescope has unveiled a previously unseen structure centered in the Milky Way. The feature spans 50,000 light-structure centered in the Milky Way. The feature spans 50,000 light-years and may be the remnant of an eruption from a supersized black years and may be the remnant of an eruption from a supersized black hole at the center of our galaxy.hole at the center of our galaxy.