spanish rule ends in texas main idea: spain begins to lose its control of texas as american...
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Spanish Rule Ends in TexasMain Idea: Spain begins to lose its control
of Texas as American filibusters and Mexican revolutionaries threaten Spanish
authority.
Americans Migrate to Texas
• Spain opened the door to Americans for colonization, beginning the Spanish Colonial era of Texas• Filibusters – individuals who carried
out rebellious activities in a foreign countryi. Plotted to seize control of Texas
Americans Migrate to Texas
ii. Philip Nolan – Irishman and mustanger (one who captures and
sells wild horses) from Louisiana
1. Suspected of spying for U.S. Army2. Ordered to leave Texas, but returns
anyway and is killed in battle.3. His men are captured and taken to
prison in Mexico City; Peter Bean only survivor; later set free
The Hidalgo Revolution
• September 16, 1810 – Father Miguel Hidalgo Y Costilla issues the grito de delores, or “Cry of Delores” for independence from Spain
*NOTE: Father Miguel Hidalgo ≠ Father Francisco Hidalgo (no relation)
The Hidalgo Revolution
i. He asks the Mexican people to revolt
ii. He is captured in 1811 and executed
iii. He inspires others to take up arms
The Hidalgo RevolutionAssignment: Write down the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Use your notes and pp. 144-148 to correctly answer the following questions in complete sentences.
i.Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo (identify)?ii.Why were Mexican citizens so unhappy with Spanish rule?iii.What did Father Hidalgo want the people of Mexico to do? (explain)iv.What did Father Hidalgo mean by “a new dispensation”?v.What was the outcome of Father Hidalgo’s grito for independence from Spain?
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
• Bernardo Jose Gutierrez de Lara is a rebel (former Hidalgo supporter) from Mexico; recruits American Augustus Magee from U.S. Army for help in liberation, or freeing of Texas from Spain
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition
• Inspired by the American Revolution, they want to form a republic where voters choose people who represent them• In August 1812, they call their force
the “Republican Army of the North”• In February 1813, Magee dies and is
replaced any another American, Samuel Kemper
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition• On March 29, 1813, the Republican Army
defeats Spanish troops, captures San Antonio and issues a declaration of independence for Texas.
• BUT, in August 1813 the Republican Army is soundly defeated by the Spanish Army led by General Joaquin de Arredondo at the Battle of Medina, near the Medina River north of San Antonio. They kill/execute most of the Republican Army.
The Gutierrez-Magee Expedition• Significance of Medina: This battle stopped
the early Texas Revolution in its tracks being a major defeat for the Republican Army.
The Long Invasion
• James Long is a filibuster from Mississippi who tries to free Texas from Spaini. Captures Nacogdoches, declares Texas
free and independent; elected president
ii. Tries to recruit help from Jean Lafitte (we will learn about him tomorrow!)
iii. He is later captured at Goliad, taken to Mexico City; killed by a guard
The Long Invasion
• Jane, his wife, along with Kian, her servant, hold off Karankawa Indiansi. She later becomes wealthy
landowner in Texasii. Known historically as the “Mother of
Texas”
Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico
• In 1817, Governor Antonio Martinez, the last Spanish governor of Texas, pleads for more troops in the San Antonio. Storehouses were empty, there was a lack of food, and a lack of money from the paymaster for troops.
Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico
• September 1821: Mexico officially becomes independent from Spain• The Spanish Colonial era ends, and
the Mexican National era begins
Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico
• Spain ruled Texas for nearly 300 years, but resulted in only a few successful settlements.i. San Antonio, Goliad, Nacogdoches,
Ysleta, Laredo
Texas Now Part of the Republic of Mexico
• Why did Spain fail to settle Texas???i. No GOLD or SILVERii. Spanish settlers preferred MEXICOiii. DISTANCEiv. Texas INDIANS were unfriendly