spatial reasoning for “terra incognita” challenges and progress of coastal/marine gis dawn...
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Spatial Reasoning for “Terra Incognita” Challenges and Progress of Coastal/Marine GIS
Dawn WrightDepartment of GeosciencesOregon State University
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Explornography (n.)
“The vicarious thrill of exploring when there is nothing left to explore”
(John Tierney, New York Times, July 26, 1998)
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Images courtesy of the National Air and Space Museum
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Ocean Thematic Layers
Graphic courtesy of Christina Massel, Steve Miller, Scripps
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Single Beam Multibeam
1-2 K soundingsper survey
500 - 750 K soundingsper survey
400,000 – 1,000,000 K soundingsper survey
Graphics courtesy of NOAA & UNH
Bottom Coverage & Data Density by Survey MethodLeadline
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courtesy of the NOAA PMEL Vents Group (NEMO project) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Exploration of Seafloor Spreading Centers
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aSorenson Video decompressorare needed to see this picture.
QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressor
are needed to see this picture.QuickTime™ and a
Sorenson Video 3 decompressorare needed to see this picture.
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Fine Scale Mapping
• on the order of tens of meters to meters
• features the size of a beer can!
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GIS: A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to See the Whole
Homes
School Districts
Streets
Zip Codes
Cities
Counties
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
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Substrate
Bathymetry
Water Column Data
Time and Depth Measurements
Coastal and Boundary Lines
Marine Points
Basemap
Ocean Thematic Layers
Graphics courtesy of Joe Breman, ESRI
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Ocean Thematic Layers
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GIS: A Spatial ContextIntegrating Many Parts to See the Whole
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
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Spatial Reasoning
PlanningPlanningPlanningPlanning
AnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzingAnalyzing
ThinkingThinkingThinkingThinking
MeasuringMeasuringMeasuringMeasuring DecidingDecidingDecidingDeciding
ScienceGraphics courtesy of ESRI
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GIS: A Spatial ContextSeeing the Whole to Manage Places
Seeing the WholeSeeing the Whole Managing PlacesManaging Places
• Estuaries
• Fisheries
• Marine Protected Areas
• Coastal Communities
• Patterns
• Linkages
• Trends
Graphics courtesy of ESRI
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Coastal/Marine GIS Challenges
• Lack of data
Dan Fornari, WHOI
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Coastal/Marine GIS Challenges
• Scale, accuracy, generalization, time, etc.
• No fixed features in the marine environment– No rigid reference frame– Eulerian vs. Lagrangian (object-centered)– “Mobile computing”
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Figure courtesy of Anne Lucas, U. of Bergen, NorwayFigure courtesy of Anne Lucas, U. of Bergen, Norway
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Marine Boundaries
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Shaded relief image © Ray Sterner, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory
• 2 horizontal dimensions equivalent?– “How long is a shoreline?” – Shoreline according to
whom?
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Where is the shoreline?
Different interpretations of the shoreline
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Shoreline Depiction Problems
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One Grand Challenge …
To find ways of summarizing, modeling, and visualizing the differences between a digital representation and real phenomena
• Uncertainty– no representation can be complete– what the data indicate about the world– what the user believes the data indicate about the world
• Scientific Measurement– the database as one sample from an error distribution
• The GIS Data Model– conceptual description of how our “sampling of the world”
is organized for use by the GIS – objects with rules and behaviors
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ArcGIS Marine Data Modeldusk.geo.orst.edu/djl/arcgis
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• Relationships with rules, behaviors used in geoprocessing and analysis
• Basic template for implementing GIS projects– input, formatting, geoprocessing, creating maps,
performing analyses
• Control of required data fields, relationships from collection through analysis phases
• Basic framework for writing program code
A Marine Data Model
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Implications for Data Collection
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Implications for Data Sharing, Networking
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Remainder of Symposium
• Biogeographic Assessments– Monaco/Caldow, NOAA
• Benthic Habitat Mapping– Greene et al., Moss Landing Marine Labs
• O.C.E.A.N. Model, Marine Ecology/Economy– Scholz - Ecotrust
• Fisheries Landing Statistics– Watson et al. - University of British Columbia
• Science and Policy of MPAs– Airame - Channel Islands Nat. Marine Sanctuary
• Sustainable Coastal Communities– Wedell & Revell - Oregon State Univ., Surfrider