speaker application guide - home - fire alarm … systems technology speaker application guide 1...

SpeakerApplicationGuide

SpeakerApplicationGuide

Drag out the border atleft to see more of thebookmarks.

Press Control-F tosearch by key word.

Edwards Systems Technology

Speaker Application Guide


SpeakerApplication

GuideLayout of Speakers for Adequate Fire Alarm Signaling and

Emergency Voice Communication

(c) 1995 Edwards Systems Technology

85000-0033 Issue 2

It is our intention to keep the product information current andaccurate. We can not cover specific applications or anticipate allrequirements. All specifications are subject to change withoutnotice. For more information or questions relative to this documentcontact EST.

Edwards Systems Technology Page i

........

...... 2

......... 2

......... 2......... 3........ 4.......... 5........ 6........ 6

... 7...... 7....... 7....... 8......... 8......... 8..... 8....... 9..... 9......... 9....... 10...... 10.... 10....... 11

.... 12

....... 12..... 13....... 14..... 16..... 16..... 17........ 17........ 18...... 21....... 24...... 28

33.... 34

........ 1

Table of Contents

1 Foreword...................................................................................................................................1

2 Behavior of Sound.....................................................................................................................2.1 General.............................................................................................................................2.2 Measurement of Sound ....................................................................................................

2.2.1 Reverberant Room Testing......................................................................................2.2.2 Anechoic Chamber Testing ......................................................................................

2.3 Voice Tones and Speech ..................................................................................................2.4 Effect of Distance .............................................................................................................2.5 Effect of Power (watts) .....................................................................................................

3 Codes & Standards - Requirements............................................................................................3.1 ANSI/NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code 1993................................................................

3.1.1 Audible Characteristics - Public Mode .....................................................................3.1.2 Audible Characteristics - Private Mode ....................................................................3.1.3 Sleeping Areas ........................................................................................................3.1.4 Locating Speakers ...................................................................................................

3.2 ADA Americans with Disabilities Act .................................................................................3.3 N.B.C. National Building Code of Canada (1995) ............................................................

3.3.1 Alert and Alarm Signals - Audibility ..........................................................................3.3.2 Temporal Pattern .....................................................................................................3.3.3 Sleeping Rooms ......................................................................................................3.3.4 Acoustic Measurement.............................................................................................

3.4 CAN/ULC S524 Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems...............................3.4.1 Locating Speakers ...................................................................................................

4 Speaker Application...................................................................................................................4.1 Design Guidelines - General ............................................................................................4.2 Design Reference: Typical Ambient Sound Levels ...........................................................4.3 Speaker Power (Wattage Tap) Selection ..........................................................................4.4 Wire Run Limitations ........................................................................................................

4.4.1 Speaker Wiring Lengths - 25 VRMS ........................................................................4.4.2 Speaker Wiring Lengths - 70 VRMS ........................................................................

4.5 EST Speakers - Typical Sound Patterns..........................................................................4.5.1 Single Speaker and Speaker/Strobe .......................................................................4.5.2 Two Ceiling Mounted Speakers and Speaker/Strobes .............................................4.5.3 Two Wall Mounted Speakers and Speaker/Strobes.................................................4.5.4 Bi-directional (Back-to-Back) Speakers and Speaker/Strobes ................................

5 Speaker Application - Typical Layout Sketches..........................................................................5.1 Corridor - Ceiling or Wall Mount .......................................................................................

1 Foreword...................................................................................................................................



... 35

..... 36...... 37..... 38.... 39.... 40...... 41...... 42

..... 43

.... 45..... 45...... 46...... 47...... 48...... 50...... 52...... 54...... 55...... 56...... 58....... 60...... 61..... 62

... 63

Page ii

5.2 Corridor - Bi-directional Mount ..........................................................................................5.3 Office .................................................................................................................................5.4 Lobby ................................................................................................................................5.5 Manufacturing....................................................................................................................5.6 High Ceilings - Ceiling Mount ...........................................................................................5.7 Large Rooms with High Ceilings .......................................................................................5.8 Stairwell - Cone Speakers .................................................................................................5.9 Parking Garage .................................................................................................................

6 Glossary.....................................................................................................................................

7 APPENDICES............................................................................................................................7.1 Appendix A - EST Speakers: Specifications and Performance .........................................

7.1.1 4" Cone Speakers - 964 & 965 Series......................................................................7.1.2 4" Cone Speakers - 964 & 965 Series......................................................................7.1.3 4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series ..........................................................7.1.4 4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series ..........................................................7.1.5 4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 765 & 767 Series ..........................................................7.1.6 8" Cone Speakers - 964 & 965 Series......................................................................7.1.7 8" Cone Speakers - 964 & 965 Series......................................................................7.1.8 8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series ..........................................................7.1.9 8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series ..........................................................7.1.10 Re-entrant Speakers - 894B Series .......................................................................7.1.11 4" Cone Speakers - CSVT Series ..........................................................................7.1.12 Re-entrant Speakers - CVT/CVTF Series...............................................................

8 Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................


ally theo give

y the

.

te fireovideny factors

these are:

ls.

to


1 Foreword

Fire alarm systems alert occupants of a building and inform them that an emergency exists. Usuintent is to initiate evacuation. In high rise buildings a voice communication system is provided tthe occupants more information, such as the nature and location of the fire or instructions forevacuation. The system fails to meet its goals if the signal is not heard and clearly understood boccupants.

.... Robert P. Schifiliti, P.E

This application guide provides information on the placement/layout of EST speakers for adequaalarm tone signaling and emergency voice communication. The suggested placement should prsafe, adequate coverage. In certain cases, the speaker spacing can be stretched. However, maaffect the transmission and attenuation of sound as it travels from a source to a target. Some of

- ambient temperature, humidity and air viscosity.- signal or tone (sound) frequency.- location of the sound source (speaker) relative to the target (ear).- room construction and materials of walls, floors and ceilings.- room furnishings in the signaling area.

All of these factors must be considered when designing or analyzing a signaling system. Formaximum safety, EST recommends that fire alarm strobes be used to supplement audible signa

The following standards, codes, and guides are referenced in this document and should be usedsupplement information contained herein.

• ANSI/NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code - 1993 Edition• UL 464 Audible Signal Appliances• UL 1480 Speakers for Fire Protective Signaling Systems• ADA(AG) Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines• National Building Code of Canada - 1995 Edition• CAN/ULC S525 Audible Signal Appliances for Fire Alarm Systems• CAN/ULC S541 Standard for Speakers for Fire Alarm Systems• CAN/ULC S524 M91 Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems• ANSI A117.1 1992 Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities

Page 1


re not in onen direct

eak

in

dness.enciesith

, younger

dB

-

This ishereasmum

’ roomoic


2 Behavior of Sound

2.1 General

In theory, sound waves generated from an ideal “point source” will spread out in all directions,similar to the wave pattern generated by dropping a stone into water. Most sound generators a“point sources”, and most applications require that sound sources be directed or concentratedor more directions. Cupped hands, megaphones or horn speakers are examples of how we casound.

Since sound travels through air in the form of quickly changing variations in air pressure, we spof the loudness of sound to be its “sound pressure level”, or SPL. The sound pressure level ismeasured in dB (decibels). Since the loudest SPL which our ear can hear without damage is1,000,000 times greater than the softest SPL, we use a logarithmic scale to help describe SPLnumbers which we can more easily relate to.

Unfortunately, sound pressure decibels are not the scale that the human ear uses to judge louThis is because our ears are generally more sensitive to higher frequencies. Sound with frequbetween 1,000-6,000 Hz (Hz = “Hertz” = “cycles per second”) are the easiest to hear; sound wlower frequencies are more difficult.

This “frequency selectivity” of the human ear is shown if a person hears three single frequencysounds at 50, 500, and 5,000 Hz. When their strength is adjusted until they sound equally loudwill find that the 50 Hz sound must be 19 dB stronger than the 5,000 Hz sound, and 12 dB strothan the 500 Hz sound.

The threshold of audibility is 0 dB. It is the softest SPL that an average person could hear. A 3increase or decrease in the sound pressure level is “just noticeable” to the human ear. Thethreshold of pain is 120 dB. The maximum sound level attainable under atmosphericconditions is 194 dB.

2.2 Measurement of Sound

Two types of sound chambers are commonly used to determine a speaker’s sound level ratingreverberant and anechoic. Sound pressure levels for audible fire alarm signals determined in areverberant room are typically lower than for the same sound source in an anechoic chamber. because the reverberant results include an acoustic averaging of the response at all angles, wthe anechoic readings are typically taken on-axis which is usually defined as the angle of maxioutput.

Reverberant room sound levels describe the device operation as might be found in a large ‘livehaving several hard surfaces, where room reflections (reverberation) will be significant. Anechreadings in conjunction with polar plots provide an indication of the device’s operation in a fairly

Page 2


arilyt

o know

r.

ater

ting

.

. Ae

. Hence,

rs. Thisroom is

a

eing thed

UL’s


‘dead’ room, perhaps having curtains, soft wall covering, rugs, or many people. (People aregenerally quite sound-absorbant.) In a ‘dead’ environment, sound reaches the occupants primdirectly from the source, in which case it is important to note the signaling device’s polar outpurelative to position within the room.

The dB sound pressure level can be measured with a sound level meter. It is very important ton what “scale” you are measuring.

Two scales commonly used are:

dB - “flat” response measures sound intensity without regard to the characteristics of the ea

dBA - a measurement where a filter is added to adjust the response (A-Weighting) to give greconsideration to the sounds with frequencies between 5,000 and 10,000 Hz so that the

sound meter responds closer to the characteristics of the human ear.

The weighting of the various frequencies is established by an internationally accepted A-Weighcurve. If a sound pressure level is expressed in dB rather than dBA, the correspondingfrequency must be given for it to have any meaning as far as perceived loudness is concerned

For instance, a 1,000 Hz signal at 20 dB in a room with no background noise would be audible100 Hz signal at 20 dB would not be heard. A-Weighting allows a single number to describe thsound pressure level produced by a signal containing frequencies between 20 and 20,000 Hza 200 Hz signal at 50 dBA would sound approximately as loud as a 10,000 Hz signal at50 dBA.

2.2.1 Reverberant Room Testing

Reverberant room testing is used by ULI (Underwriter’s Laboratories, Inc. U.S.A.) as theirstandard method of determining sound level for audible devices including fire alarm speakeThis method employs a reverberant chamber and is specified in the ANSI S1.21 standard. concept of sound level testing is much different from anechoic testing. Here, an enclosed used which has hard, sound reflecting walls in order to capture the total sound emitted fromsource.

Measurements are made using one or more microphones placed in specific locations in thchamber or else swept through an arc inside the chamber. The “total” sound captured durmeasuring time is used to calculate sound power, from which the equivalent average sounpressure level at 10 ft (3.05 m) is derived.

In most cases, EST publishes “Reverberant Room” values as confirmed through testing atlaboratories. What you need to realize, is that UL rates audible signal output inpredetermined 3 dBA steps or “milestones”. In the case of speakers, this is very important!

Page 3


hre of

el.

t

trobe),

on,

ers.free

ithsoundounted

ed at ahus it


UL’s confirmed speaker ratings begin at 75 dBA, and move in 3 dBA (usually upward) bencmarks, ie. 75, 78, 81, 84, 87, 90, 93 dBA etc. All speakers tested by UL will get one or mothose dBA ratings. For example, if UL tests a speaker at its 2 watt tap and it consistentlyachieves 89.9 dBA output, they would allow a published rating of only 87 dBA for that modAlmost a full 3 dBA less than the speaker’s actual performance!

It’s essential to understand this especially when comparing the performance of two differenspeakers. Here’s why:

Speaker: UL Confirmed SPL Rating: Actual UL SPL Test Result:

Model A 90 92.9

Model B 87 87.1

Model C 90 90.1

Model D 87 89.9

Model A vs Model B - UL says: 3 dBA difference; Actual: 5.8 dBA differenceModel C vs Model D - UL says: 3 dBA difference; Actual: 0.2 dBA difference

This also applies when testing speaker/strobes. Lets assume we test a speaker (without sthen mount a strobe in front of the grille and re-test. If there is only a 1 dBA loss bringing thespeaker output just below a “milestone”, UL lowers the rating by a full 3 dBA. However,there is no need to be overly concerned. A 3 dBA change in sound output, is really only “justnoticeable” to the human ear. Good end results are achieved with optimal product applicatinot just by the product alone.

2.2.2 Anechoic Chamber Testing

Anechoic testing is used by ULC (Underwriter’s Laboratories of Canada) as their standardmethod of determining sound level emitted from audible devices including fire alarm speakAs the word implies, anechoic (“allowing no echoes”) tests are performed in environments from echoes.

In most cases this would be a chamber typically having walls, ceilings and floor covered wsound absorbent materials, often having conical or triangular shapes designed to trap the waves. At times a remote outdoor location is found and the source and microphone are mhigh above the ground. It is important to have no reflecting surfaces nearby.

In an anechoic environment, unlike a reverberant room, a sound pressure level meter placdistance from the sound source will only measure the sound generated in that direction. T

Page 4


the

geeded

s

a

hend

ght be

Edwards Systems Technology Page 5

is possible to measure the sound level at various angles off-axis from a given source, andproduce a “polar plot” to describe sound level versus listening angle. These polar plots are basis for the design examples used in this guide.

For speakers, we expect that the most demanding applications will require complex changinwave forms such as speech. Polar plots at various high and low frequencies are therefore nto fully describe the speaker’s full polar behavior.

2.3 Voice Tones and Speech

Although 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz (wavelengths from 55 ft to 0.66 in long) is usually quoted as ourhearing range, most people cannot hear above approximately 16,000 Hz.

The human voice has most of its power in the 200 Hz to 3,000 Hz region. The voice frequencieabove 3,000 Hz contain very little energy. The frequencies in the 800 Hz to 3,000 Hz rangecontribute the most to voice intelligibility. Audibility and intelligibility, however, are twodifferent issues.

Audibility usually refers to the ability to “hear” a particular signal over the ambient noise level.This is often the foremost consideration in selection and placement of horn or bell signals.

Intelligibility usually refers to the ability to “understand” messages or instructions delivered by asound system, typically involving loudspeakers. Excessive reverberation or distortion can causevery loud, audible signal to be unintelligible.

If the average ambient noise level in a space is found to be 75 dBA, it might be concluded that talarm signal level throughout the area should be between 80 to 90 dBA. But to achieve that soulevel 25 feet (7.6 m) from a speaker, the level in the area very near or just below the speaker mias high as 100 to 110 dBA. That alarm signal level would be clearly audible, however, the highsound level close to the speaker might be too loud. Certainly potential distortion and the effect ofreverberation may make a voice message unintelligible.


is is

ased


2.4 Effect of Distance

Under the “Anechoic” condition (see Section 2.2.2 above), the sound pressure level will changeapproximately 6 dBA for each halving or doubling of distance from the source to the target.

This can be shown as:

base distance x 0.5 = base sound level + 6 dBABASE DISTANCE x 1 = BASE SOUND LEVEL

base distance x 2 = base sound level - 6 dBAbase distance x 4 = base sound level - 12 dBAbase distance x 8 = base sound level - 18 dBAbase distance x 16 = base sound level - 24 dBA

The illustration below shows how the sound pressure level changes with distance under idealconditions. Sound absorbing or reflecting materials in the listening area can modify the curve.

2.5 Effect of Power (watts)

Doubling or halving the power input to a speaker causes an increase or decrease of 3 dBA. Thvery significant when calculating amplifier size for sound distribution systems. Each time theamplifier size is doubled, the potential sound pressure level (SPL) output from speakers is increby only 3 dBA, a “just noticeable” rise.

This can be shown as:

base power x 0.5 = base sound level - 3 dBABASE POWER x 1 = BASE SOUND LEVEL

base power x 2 = base sound level + 3 dBAbase power x 4 = base sound level + 6 dBAbase power x 8 = base sound level + 9 dBA

base power x 16 = base sound level + 12 dBA

Page 6


e

n

es

en,

normalt

st be


3 Codes & Standards - Requirements

3.1 ANSI/NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code 1993

The following information is extracted in part from ANSI/NFPA 72. There are numerous referencfigures and tables which are part of NFPA 72. They must be used along with this guide.

Chapter 3 of NFPA 72 indicates that audible signals for a fire alarm system shall be distinctive isound from other signals and that this sound not be used for any other purpose. To meet thisrequirement, effective July 01, 1996, the fire alarm signal used for evacuation purposes shall beANSI S3.41, American National Standard Audible Emergency Evacuation Signal.

Chapter 6 of NFPA 72 classifies audible notification signals for fire alarm systems for specific usand purposes. Properly applied, EST speakers can meet the criteria for all of the following:

Coded - An audible signal conveying several discrete bits or units of information. An example isnumbered strokes (or tones) of a bell, chime, horn or speaker.

Non-coded - An audible signal conveying one discrete bit of information.

Non-coded Perceptually Constant - The continuous operation of a signal such as a bell, horn, siror speaker tone.

Non-coded Perceptually Repetitious - The interrupted operation of a signal such as a bell, horn,siren, or speaker tone that is operated at a continuous uniform rate.

Textual - A voice message.

General/Notification - Audible signals used for alerting the general public or specific individualsresponsible for implementation and direction of emergency action.

Operating Mode, Private - Audible signaling only to those persons directly concerned with theimplementation and direction of emergency action initiation.

Operating Mode, Public - Audible signaling to occupants of the area protected by the fire alarmsystem.

3.1.1 Audible Characteristics - Public Mode

The code stipulates that the alarm or alert sound level should be at least 15 dBA above the ambient sound level or 5 dBA above the normal maximum sound level having a duration of aleast 60 seconds (whichever is greater), measured 5 ft (1.5 m) above the floor. In areas where theaverage ambient sound level is greater than 115 dBA, visible signal appliances (strobes) mu


A at

ft

area,

ted.

all of

es

es

on


used. (Note: See ADA - Section 3.2)

Speakers intended for use in the public mode must produce a minimum sound level of 75 dB10 ft (3 m) and cannot exceed 130 dBA at the minimum hearing distance to the speaker.(Note: ADA allows only 120 dBA. See Section 3.2)

3.1.2 Audible Characteristics - Private Mode

Speakers used for private mode operation must have a minimum sound level of 45 dBA at 10(3 m) and cannot exceed 130 dBA at the minimum hearing distance from the speaker. In areaswhere the average ambient sound level is greater than 115 dBA, visible signal appliances(strobes) must be used. (Note: ADA allows only 120 dBA. See Section 3.2)

3.1.3 Sleeping Areas

When speakers are used in sleeping areas, they shall provide sound levels at all points in thea maximum of 15 dBA above the average ambient noise with a minimum of 70 dBA.

3.1.4 Locating Speakers

When Emergency Voice/Alarm Communication speakers are used, there must be at least twospeakers in each paging zone of the building, so located that signals can be clearly heardregardless of the maximum noise level produced by machinery or other equipment. Eachelevator car must have a speaker connected to the paging zone in which that elevator is loca

Ceiling mount speakers are allowed. Where ceiling heights permit, wall mounted speakers shhave their tops at heights above the floor of not less than 90 in. (2.3 m) and below the ceilingnot less than 6 in. (0.15 m). When combination speaker/strobes are used, visible signal(strobe) installation guidelines must be followed.

3.2 ADA Americans with Disabilities Act

The landmark Americans with Disabilities Act, enacted by US Congress on July 26, 1990, providcomprehensive civil rights protection to individuals in the area of employment (title I), State andlocal government services (title II), public accommodation and commercial facilities (title III),telecommunications (title IV). Title III of the act affects fire alarm systems and compliance requirthat:

Audible Emergency Alarms shall produce a sound that exceeds the prevailing equivalent soundlevel in the room or space by at least 15 dBA or exceeds any maximum sound level with a duratiof 60 seconds by 5 dBA, whichever is louder. Sound levels for alarm signals shall not exceed120 dBA. Note: This is less than the 130 dBA allowed by NFPA.

Page 8


f

itsstg

used tooiced

ls andd.

noise

s ofatedtede

ts,


Since we must have signals at 15 dBA above ambient, but cannot exceed 120 dBA, strobes aretherefore required anywhere the ambient is more than 105 dBA.

Audible emergency signals must have an intensity and frequency that can attract the attention oindividuals who have partial hearing loss. People over 60 years of age generally have difficultyperceiving frequencies higher than 10,000 Hz. An alarm signal which has a periodic element tosignal such as single stroke bells (clang-pause-clang-pause), hi-low (up-down-up-down) and fawhoop (low sweeping to high, low sweeping to high) are best. Avoid continuous or reverberatintones. Select a signal which has a sound easily characterized by three or four clear tones.

3.3 N.B.C. National Building Code of Canada (1995)

In a 2-stage fire alarm system, the same audible signal devices (speakers) are permitted to be sound the alert signals and the alarm signals. If speakers are intended for paging and similar vmessage use, other than during a fire emergency, they must be installed so that alert signals analarm signals take priority over all other signals. Speakers forming part of a fire alarm or voicecommunication system can not be used for playing music or background noise.

3.3.1 Alert and Alarm Signals - Audibility

Fire alarm system speakers must be installed in a building so that alert signals, alarm signavoice messages can be heard intelligibly throughout the floor area in which they are installeThe sound pressure level from a fire alarm audible signal device in a floor area used foroccupancies other than residential occupancies must be at least 10 dBA above the ambientlevel, but never less than 65 dBA. The fire alarm signal sound pressure level cannot exceed110 dBA in any normally occupied area.

In any floor area where the ambient noise level is more than 87 dBA, or where the occupantthe floor area use ear protective devices, are located within an audiometric booth, or are locwithin sound insulating enclosures, the fire alarm audible signal devices shall be supplemenby visual signal devices (strobes). Strobes are also required in assembly occupancies whermusic and other sounds associated with performances could exceed 100 dBA.

In a building or portion thereof intended for use primarily by persons with hearing impairmenfire alarm strobes shall be installed in addition to audible signal devices.

3.3.2 Temporal Pattern

The temporal pattern of an alarm signal shall conform to the temporal pattern defined inClause 4.2 of International Standard ISO 8201: 1987(E), “Acoustics - Audible EmergencyEvacuation Signal”. EST speakers are very suitable for producing this signal pattern.


y

y an

tlysion.

t ben the

d above,tem

ould

leshall andble

st beevicem.

behe

om, theuntya further

tions.

Edwards Systems Technolog

This pattern relates to the time while the signal is produced and the intervals between theindividual signal pulses. The characteristic of the pattern is a three pulse phase followed boff phase.

The signals from smoke alarms and the temporal patterns of alert signals shall be sufficiendifferent from the signals or patterns of alarm signals so that there is no possibility of confu

3.3.3 Sleeping Rooms

The sound pressure level in sleeping rooms from a fire alarm audible signal device shall noless than 75 dBA in buildings of residential occupancy when any intervening doors betweedevice and the sleeping room are closed.

In buildings with more than one dwelling unit that are served by corridors, it might not bepossible to place a speaker in the corridor or hallway to alert persons sleeping in suites andwelling units, because the sound level very near the device would exceed 110 dBA. (SeeSection 3.3.1) In those cases it will be necessary to supplement the building fire alarm syswith an audible signal device in the individual suite or dwelling unit. These latter devices cbe mini-horns or speakers, subject to the device emitting the appropriate temporal patternrequired. (See above, Section 3.3.2)

An audible signal device located within a dwelling unit shall incorporate a means that enabthe device to be silenced for a period of not more than 10 minutes after which the device srestore to normal operation. The intent here is to minimize the annoyance caused by falseunwanted alarms. The silence feature will reduce the likelihood of tampering with the audidevices.

An audible signal device located within a dwelling unit or suite of residential occupancy muconnected to the fire alarm system in a manner that disconnection of, or damage to, that dwill not interfere with the ability of devices in other dwelling units or suites to sound an alar

3.3.4 Acoustic Measurement

Appendix A-3.2.4.19 of the building code (1995) covers details and methods which shouldused when measuring the ambient noise level and alarm signal sound pressure levels on tproject site. These procedures must be followed to obtain accurate measurements.

There is a rule of thumb expressed that if SPL measurements are made in a totally bare roSPL will be about 3 dB higher than if the room were carpeted. In most cases this will accofor most of the absorption in the room and no further correction is necessary. Adding heavdrapes and sound absorptive furnishings to carpeted room can reduce the sound level by 2-3 dB.

Portable partitions or office screens in commercial buildings can cause even greater reduc

Page 10


lesse withose.


3.4 CAN/ULC S524 M91 Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm Systems

3.4.1 Locating Speakers

Audible signal appliances (speakers) must be mounted with the center of the appliance notthan 1.8 m above the floor level. Audible signal appliances shall be mounted, in accordancthe manufacturer’s instructions, in enclosures which are intended and accepted for the purp


es that We

lied.

bleling

lledtity of

iedon0


4 Speaker Application

Edwards Systems Technology recommends that audible signal appliances always be installed in accordance with the latest recognized edition of national and local fire alarm codes. EST recognizthe following guidelines may differ from the current standards and practices in some jurisdictions. recommend, however, that wherever possible you follow the application information herein to helpensure maximum safety.

EST audible voice/tone signal products meet or exceed the needs of most persons, if properly appThey are designed to comply with or exceed the following standards and regulations:

ANSI/NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm CodeANSI A117.1 (1992) Standard for Accessible and Usable Buildings and FacilitiesADA(AG) Americans with Disabilities Act (Accessibility Guidelines)UL 464 Audible Signal AppliancesUL 1480 Speakers for Fire Protective Signaling SystemsULC S525 Audible Signal Appliances for Fire Alarm SystemsULC S524 Standard for the Installation of Fire Alarm SystemsULC S541 Standard for Speakers for Fire Alarm Systems

NOTE: Audible signal applications vary widely and at all times must be considered along with visisignal requirements to determine exact signal appliance needs. Combination audible/visible signaappliances are available from EST and should be used wherever possible.

The Appendices at the end of this guide provide EST speaker engineering and performancespecifications. The information here is based on that performance.

4.1 Design Guidelines - General

To be intelligibly heard throughout the building, a sufficient quantity of speakers should be instain each area. Usually, better sound distribution results from carefully positioning a larger quanspeakers set on “lower” power taps than a lesser quantity of speakers set to their highest tap.

Modern buildings are constructed with improved sound insulation between corridors and occupareas. This results in poor sound penetration by corridor-mounted speakers. Sound penetratithrough walls depends upon the type of wall construction and SPL losses will vary from 15 to 4dBA. A solid door reduces the level of sound reaching the room by 25 to 30 dBA. Raising theoutput level of corridor speakers enough to penetrate into rooms could result in corridor soundpressure levels that cause discomfort to people in the corridor. A practical solution is to installsignals with lower power in all parts of the entire floor area.


anay.

hould dustwer

ed in


Depending on a room’s acoustic characteristics, doubling the distance from a speaker causes a6 dBA reduction in the received sound pressure level. Curtains or drapes close to the speaker cdecrease the sound pressure level by 2-3 dB from that of a more reflective surface. Carpeting mcause a reduction in the sound level of approximately 3 dB from that of a more reflective surface

Cone speakers usually have a broader frequency range and higher fidelity (less distortion) thanre-entrant type speakers. They should be used for most applications. The re-entrant speaker sbe used in high ambient noise applications or in locations where it will be exposed to weather orsuch as in parking garages or factories. The re-entrant speaker can handle up to 15 watts of powith minimum distortion. The higher capability is often needed to overcome highbackground noise.

Speaker “Phasing” - When connecting speakers to the fire alarm system, wiring polarity isimportant. If polarity of connections is not consistent, the speakers will be out of “phase”. Thismeans that when one speaker is “pushing” the air, another speaker can be “pulling” the air. Theresult is a cancelling affect on the sound output.

4.2 Design Reference: Typical Ambient Sound Levels

Here, we’ve listed some typical environments which most fire alarm system designers willrecognize and can easily relate to. This information is for reference only and should not to be uslieu of actual site condition sound level measurements.

Noisy Background (Conversation Difficult or Impossible)

Subway Train Loading Platform 90-95 dB

Airport Loading Ramp 90 dB

Medium Background (Voice Must Be Raised To Be Understood)

Computer Room 70-75 dB

Quiet Background (Normal Conversation Easily Understood)

Average Conversation Level - 3 ft (1 m) away 55 dB

Very Quiet Conversation 20 dB

Whisper Conversation 15 dB

Outdoors - Minimum in Country 8-10 dB

Page 13


ker’stend to

is is ar you, each

ed

s morethe


NFPA 72 lists some typical average ambient sound levels one might expect in various types ofoccupancies.

Type of Location Average Ambient Sound LevelBusiness Occupancies 55 dBAEducational Occupancies 45 dBAIndustrial Occupancies 80 dBAInstitutional Occupancies 50 dBAMercantile Occupancies 40 dBAPiers and Water Surrounded Structures 40 dBAPlaces of Assembly 55 dBAResidential Occupancies 35 dBAStorage Occupancies 30 dBAThoroughfares, High Density Urban 70 dBAThoroughfares, Medium Density Urban 55 dBAThoroughfares, Rural and Suburban 40 dBATower Occupancies 35 dBAUnderground Structures and Windowless Buildings 40 dBAVehicles and Vessels 50 dBA

4.3 Speaker Power (Wattage Tap) Selection

To determine the correct power tap to use on the speaker, measure the distance from the spealocation to the area to be covered. Next, refer to the specification sheet for the speaker you inuse. Look for the sound pressure level the unit can provide at a given power input over a givendistance.

It should be clear now that each time you double the power to the speaker, you gain 3 dBA. Th“just noticeable” increase in volume. And, each time you double the distance from the speakelose 6 dBA. Likewise, each time you halve the power, you reduce the sound level 3 dBA. Andtime you halve the distance, you increase the sound by 6 dBA.

For each particular application, we need to determine whether fewer higher-powered, centralizspeakers, or more lower-powered, better distributed speakers are best.

Example #1

In many areas such as offices, corridors, or classrooms, an 80 dBA emergency paging signal ithan sufficient to overcome normal ambient noise levels. In this example, the distance across protected area is 20 ft and our speakers are to be wall mounted. Our goal is to provide 80 dBAminimum throughout the area, based on a 1,000 Hz signal.


se

verys.

r we

A +

the

nd levelcom-

40 ftr

stance).

reaker’s

dBA,


From their specifications in Section 7 - Appendix, we see that EST’s model 964-1A-4R produce88 dBA at 10 ft (3.05 m) with 2 watts input. We know that when we double the distance, we los6 dBA. Therefore, at 20 ft (6.1 m) we could expect 88 - 6 = 82 dBA. This meets our target.

However, sometimes it is more desirable to use more than one speaker in an area, especially inlarge projects. Additionally, we know we can obtain better sound quality using multiple speaker

The 964-1A-4R at 2 watts input provides 82 dBA at 20 ft (6.1 m). Each time we reduce speakepower by one half, we decrease the sound pressure level from the speaker by only 3 dBA. So,can reduce the power to 1 watt to get 79 dBA, 1/2 watt for 76 dBA, and 1/4 watt for 73 dBA at 20 ft(6.1 m).

At 1/2 watt, if we half the distance of coverage to only 10 ft (3.05 m), the result is 82 dBA (76 dB6 dBA).

Two speakers mounted on opposite walls and set at 1/2 watt are also sufficient! By using twospeakers, we require only half the power. 1 watt of power (2 speakers at 1/2 watt each) obtainsequivalent result of one speaker set at 2 watts. This could save amplifier costs! We also achievemuch better sound distribution throughout the protected area.

Example #2

In noisy areas (compressor rooms, machine shops, and general manufacturing areas), the souproduced by the speaker must overcome the area’s high ambient noise. This is usually best acplished with a re-entrant speaker.

Let’s assume that the measured distance from the speaker location to the area to be covered is(12.2 m). Our project calls for 87 dBA minimum to be provided throughout the area. From theispecifications in Section 7 - Appendix, EST’s model (USA: 894B-004/Canada: CVT-157UCR)produces 99 dBA at 10 ft (3.05 m) with 15 watts input based on a 1,000 Hz tone.

So, beginning at 10 ft (3.05 m), we subtract 6 dBA each time we double the distance. In this inwe have (at 15 watts): 99 dBA at 10 ft (3.05 m), 93 dBA at 20 ft (6.1 m), 87 dBA at 40 ft (12.2 mThis seems adequate; our goal is 87 dBA.

However, the 99 dBA (at 15 watts) emitted by the re-entrant speaker would cause discomfort foanyone who might be located close to the speaker. To correct this, we need to decrease the sppower.

Since at 15 watts we have 87 dBA at 40 ft (12.2 m), reducing the power to 8 watts produces 844 watts 81 dBA, and at 2 watts we have 79 dBA. At 4 watts and at half the distance (20 ft(6.1 m)), we can expect 87 dBA (81 dBA + 6 dBA). This is also sufficient assuming we locate 2speakers on opposite sides of the area.

Page 15


ingers at

the

ker

akersers


NOTE: We have accomplished our goal without causing discomfort to people who may be standnear the speaker. We provided smoother area coverage. And we use 8 watts of power (2 speak4 watts each) instead of 15 watts. THIS SAVES AMPLIFIER COSTS!

4.4 Wire Run Limitations

Power loss in a speaker circuit is just like line loss in a bell circuit. The same questions apply toboth. What is the length of the circuit? What size of wire is used? How many speakers are on circuit and what is the wattage (power tap setting) of those speakers?

The following charts show the normally accepted limits of the variables to ensure that each speaoperates to its full potential.

NOTES:

1. For each speaker zone, select total zone power.

2. Distance shown is calculated to the last speaker, based on the worst case, assuming all speare lumped at the end. Sometimes, adjusting (raising) the wattage tap on the last few speakon a wire run can help compensate for line loss.

4.4.1 Speaker Wiring Lengths - 25 VRMS

ALLOWABLE LENGTH (FEET) FOR 25 VRMS AUDIO CIRCUITS WITH 0.5dB (12.5%) LOSSWIRE RESISTANCE NOMINAL POWER IN LOAD (load impedance ohms)SIZE PER 1000' PAIR 10W 15W 20W 30W 40W 50W

(AWG) (OHMS) (61) (41) (31) (20) (15) (12.5)12 3.2 1130 775 575 390 290 23014 5.2 700 475 350 240 175 14016 8.0 450 300 225 150 110 9018 13.0 290 190 140 95 70 57

ALLOWABLE LENGTH (FEET) FOR 25 VRMS AUDIO CIRCUITS WITH 1.0dB (25%) LOSSWIRE RESISTANCE NOMINAL POWER IN LOAD (load impedance ohms)SIZE PER 1000' PAIR 10W 15W 20W 30W 40W 50W

(AWG) (OHMS) (61) (41) (31) (20) (15) (12.5)12 3.2 2260 1550 1150 780 580 46014 5.2 1400 950 700 480 350 28016 8.0 900 600 450 300 220 18018 13.0 580 380 280 190 140 114


de in an by

eakere

h of.


4.4.2 Speaker Wiring Lengths - 70 VRMS

ALLOWABLE LENGTH (FEET) FOR 70 VRMS AUDIO CIRCUITS WITH 0.5dB (12.5%) LOSSWIRE RESISTANCE NOMINAL POWER IN LOAD (load impedance ohms)SIZE PER 1000' PAIR 10W 15W 20W 30W 40W 60W 100W 200W

(AWG) (OHMS) (490) (327) (245) (163) (122) (81) (49) (24.5)10 2.0 9900 7300 5000 3700 2500 1450 73012 3.2 9100 6200 4600 3100 2300 1600 910 46014 5.2 5600 3800 2800 1900 1400 950 560 28016 8.0 3600 2400 1800 1200 900 600 370 18018 13.0 2300 1500 1100 750 560 370 230

ALLOWABLE LENGTH (FEET) FOR 70 VRMS AUDIO CIRCUITS WITH 1.0dB (25%) LOSSWIRE RESISTANCE NOMINAL POWER IN LOAD (load impedance ohms)SIZE PER 1000' PAIR 10W 15W 20W 30W 40W 60W 100W 200W

(AWG) (OHMS) (490) (327) (245) (163) (122) (81) (49) (24.5)10 2.0 19800 14600 10000 7400 5000 2900 146012 3.2 18200 12400 9200 6200 4600 3200 1820 92014 5.2 11200 7600 5600 3800 2800 1900 1120 56016 8.0 7200 4800 3600 2400 1800 1200 740 36018 13.0 4600 3000 2200 1500 1120 740 460

4.5 EST Speakers - Typical Sound Patterns

The speaker performance illustrated here is based on sound pressure level measurements maanechoic chamber at a 10 ft (3.05 m) distance with a 1,000 Hz signal. Losses or gains causedroom construction and materials in the space are not taken into account.

The speaker sound patterns shown represent the general sound dispersion only. The actual spdispersion angle for EST speakers is defined as the angle for which sound is within 6 dBA of thon-axis (directly in front/0 degrees) sound pressure level (SPL) at 1,000 Hz.

While the 8 inch speaker is more directional at 1,000 Hz, it should be noted that this particularspeaker has higher output at 1,000 Hz and also superior low frequency response than the 4 incspeaker shown. The 4 inch speaker may be more cost effective. Thus, depending on the typealarm sound used and budget considerations, one may prefer either speaker for an application

Page 17



4.5.1 Single Speaker and Speaker/Strobe

4 Inch Cone Speaker - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series1,000 Hz Tone; 2 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.

4 Inch Cone Speaker/Strobe - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series (USA Only)1,000 Hz Tone; 2 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.



4 Inch Cone Speaker/Strobe - EST Catalog 765 & 767 series (USA Only)1,000 Hz Tone; 2 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.

4 Inch Cone Speaker - EST Catalog CSVT series (Canada Only)1,000 Hz Tone; 7.5 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.

Page 19



8 Inch Cone Speaker - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series1,000 Hz Tone; 4 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.

8 Inch Cone Speaker/Strobe - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series1,000 Hz Tone; 4 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.


The

sump-e may0 could

orue to


Re-entrant Speaker - EST Catalog 894B Series/CVT series1,000 Hz Tone; 15 Watt Tap; sound dispersion pattern is symmetrical.

4.5.2 Two Ceiling Mounted Speakers and Speaker/Strobes

Perhaps the simplest multiple-speaker situation occurs with two ceiling mounted speakers. application could be a hallway or small room. These diagrams display the general effect ex-pected from two ceiling-mounted units.

When calculating the sound pressure level (SPL) between multiple speakers, sometimes astions must be made regarding the output of a speaker at a particular angle. For example, wneed to know the speaker’s output at 25 degrees off-axis. But we only have information at 2degrees and 30 degrees. Depending on how we interpolate and round-off our numbers, weget SPL values which vary by +/- 1 dBA. Calculations made to within 1 or 2 dBA of actualinstalled performance are generally quite acceptable.

All examples shown here use 30 ft (9.1 m) speaker spacing. Wattage tap selection on eachspeaker will vary the dBA output as shown in the tables. All situations other than open-fieldsanechoic chambers (in other words, most actual usages) will experience sound level gains dreflections from walls, floors and other surfaces in the sound space.

Page 21



4" Cone Speakers - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series30 ft (9.1 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovefloor

1/4w = 73 dBA 1/2w = 76 dBA 1w = 79 dBA 2w = 82 dBA

4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series (USA Only)30 ft (9.1 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovefloor




4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 765 & 767 series (USA Only)30 ft (9.1 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovefloor


8" Cone Speakers - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series30 ft (9.1 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovefloor

1/2w = 75 dBA 1w = 78 dBA 2w = 81 dBA 4w = 84 dBA

Page 23


idered

e


8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series30 ft (9.1 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovefloor


4.5.3 Two Wall Mounted Speakers and Speaker/Strobes

This condition shows two speakers wall mounted opposite from each other. In all cases, thespeakers are mounted at a typical height of 8 ft (2.4 m) and the sound pressure level is consat a height of 5 ft (1.5 m) above the floor.

The maximum recommended distance between cone type speakers is 60 ft (18.2 m) for thesconditions. When using EST re-entrant type speakers, even greater distances and higher dBlevels between speakers are possible.

As illustrated, EST’s 965 & 964 series 4 inch cone speakers can easily provide over 75 dBAthroughout the space when set at 1 watt input power.


e

e


4" Cone Speakers - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor


4" Cone Speakers - EST Catalog CSVT series (Canada Only)80 ft (24.4 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor

1/2w = 74 dBA 1w = 77 dBA 2w = 80 dBA 4w = 83 dBA 7.5w = 86 dBA

Page 25


ve

ve


4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series (USA Only)60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abofloor


4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 765 & 767 series (USA Only)60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abofloor



e

e




8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor


Page 27


e

re is a

egrees

gether,, theme


Re-entrant Speakers - EST Catalog 894B Series/CVT series80 ft (24.4 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor

2w = 78 dBA 4w = 81 dBA 8w = 84 dBA 15w = 87 dBA

4.5.4 Bi-directional (Back-to-Back) Speakers and Speaker/Strobes

Often, speakers are hung back-to-back, especially along a long hallway. It appears that theregion of low sound level beneath the speakers. From information contained in Section 7 -Appendix, we see that most speakers have less than a 10 dBA drop in sound output at 90 doff-axis from their on-axis (0 degrees) SPLs.

Since the CSVT is rated to produce 88 dBA at 10 ft (3.05 m) on-axis at 1 watt, then we canexpect no less than 78 dBA beneath a speaker. In fact, since two speakers are sounding tothe sound level at the center beneath them will be increased by 3 dBA to 81 dBA. Likewise894B Series/CVT series is rated at 99 dBA on-axis. Therefore we’d expect 89 dBA minimubeneath one speaker and 92 dBA beneath the pair. So, closeness to the speaker offsets thconcern of speaker dispersion angle.


e

e




4" Cone Speakers - EST Catalog CSVT series (Canada Only)80 ft (24.4 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor

1/2w = 74 dBA 1w = 77 dBA 2w = 80 dBA 4w = 83 dBA 7.5w = 86 dBA

Page 29


e

e


4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series (USA Only)60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor


4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 765 & 767 series (USA Only)60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor



e

e




8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - EST Catalog 965 & 964 series60 ft (18.2 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor


Page 31


e


Re-entrant Speakers - EST Catalog 894B Series/CVT series80 ft (24.4 m) between Speakers; 1,000 Hz Tone; minimum dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) abovfloor

2w = 78 dBA 4w = 81 dBA 8w = 84 dBA 15w = 87 dBA


icationudibletion

unted for..

the

, then

the

(withoute not

led


5 Speaker Application - Typical Layout Sketches

The placement of speakers shown in the following sketches is for emergency voice/tone communapplications only; not visible signal (strobe) requirements. EST suggests you perform separate aand visible signaling requirements analysis. Only then can you determine exactly where combinaaudible/visible signaling appliances can be installed.

Whenever more than one speaker sounds in an area, the effect from each speaker must be accoIf there are two speakers equally contributing to an area, then the sound power is effectively doubledThis results in an increase of 3 dBA. For example, if Speaker A produces 82 dBA + Speaker Bproduces 82 dBA, then the result SPL = 85 dBA.

If two sources producing different SPL outputs are combined, the result can be determined usingfollowing chart.

For example, if Speaker A produces 82 dBA + Speaker B produces 77 dBA (a difference of 5 dBAthe result SPL = 82 + 1.2 = 83.2 dBA.

These typical layouts show suggested spacing for EST speaker products only and are based on following assumptions:

1. All sketches represent rooms with 10 ft (3.05 m) ceilings, unless noted.

2. All layouts are based on sound pressure level measurements made in an anechoic chamber echoes). Acoustic losses or gains caused by room construction and materials in the space artaken into account.

3. All speakers are installed with baffles and grilles as supplied by EST. The speakers are instalwith back boxes as recommended or supplied by EST.

Difference in dBA between two contributing Incremental dBA to be added to the output fromspeakers the higher dBA source

0 3.01 2.52 2.03 1.84 1.55 1.26 1.07 0.88 0.69 0.510 0.4


nalh floor-


5.1 Corridor - Ceiling or Wall Mount

Speaker layout for corridors is an application of the ceiling mounted, wall mounted or bi-directiomounted speaker situations discussed in Section 4.5. In practice, there is a “rule of thumb” whicsays that ceiling mounted speakers need to be mounted at a distance apart which is 3 times theto-ceiling height.

1,000 Hz Tone; dBA measured 5 ft (1.5 m) above floor

Suggested Spacing Criteria: Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) from Walls, Maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) SpacingType of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage TapSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/4w = 73 dBA, 1/2w = 76 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 79 dBA, 2w = 82 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 68 dBA, 1/2w = 71 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 74 dBA, 2w = 77 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 70 dBA, 1/2w = 73 dBA765 & 767 series 1w = 76 dBA, 2w = 79 dBA8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 75 dBA, 1w = 78 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 81 dBA, 4w = 84 dBA8" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/2w = 67 dBA, 1w = 70 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 73 dBA, 4w = 76 dBA

Page 34


up tory


5.2 Corridor - Bi-directional Mount

Suspended or wall-hung re-entrant speakers can achieve recommended maximum spacings of 80 ft (24.3 m) between units. This makes these speakers and method of installation ideal for velong corridors or high ambient noise areas.


Type of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage Tap Suggested Spacing CriteriaSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/4w = 71 dBA, 1/2w = 74 dBA Maximum 20 ft (6.1 m) from Walls,964 & 965 series 1w = 77 dBA, 2w = 80 dBA Maximum 60 ft (18.2 m) Spacing4" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 74 dBA, 1w = 77 dBA Maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) from Walls,CSVT series 2w = 80 dBA, 4w = 83 dBA, 7.5w = 86 dBA Maximum 80 ft (24.3 m) Spacing4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 67 dBA, 1/2w = 70 dBA Maximum 20 ft (6.1 m) from Walls,964 & 965 series 1w = 73 dBA, 2w = 76 dBA Maximum 60 ft (18.2 m) Spacing4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 69 dBA, 1/2w = 72 dBA Maximum 20 ft (6.1 m) from Walls,765 & 767 series 1w = 75 dBA, 2w = 78 dBA Maximum 60 ft (18.2 m) Spacing8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 76 dBA, 1w = 79 dBA Maximum 20 ft (6.1 m) from Walls,964 & 965 series 2w = 82 dBA, 4w = 85 dBA Maximum 60 ft (18.2 m) Spacing8" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/2w = 70 dBA, 1w = 73 dBA Maximum 20 ft (6.1 m) from Walls,964 & 965 series 2w = 76 dBA, 4w = 79 dBA Maximum 60 ft (18.2 m) SpacingRe-entrant Speaker 2w = 78 dBA, 4w = 81 dBA Maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) from Walls,894B Series/CVT series 8w = 84 dBA, 15w = 87 dBA Maximum 80 ft (24.3 m) Spacing


ndedheapped


5.3 Office

Most modern offices consist of divided open space having approximately 10 ft (3.05 m) ceilingheights. Best coverage is usually with ceiling mounted cone speakers. Although the recommespacing is the same for both 4 inch and 8 inch speakers, the “audio quality characteristics” for ttwo speakers will be different under the same ambient conditions. The 8 inch speaker can be tup to 4 watts, if desired.


Suggested Spacing Criteria: Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) from Walls, Maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) SpacingType of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage TapSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/4w = 73 dBA, 1/2w = 76 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 79 dBA, 2w = 82 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 68 dBA, 1/2w = 71 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 74 dBA, 2w = 77 dBA8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 75 dBA, 1w = 78 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 81 dBA, 4w = 84 dBA8" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/2w = 67 dBA, 1w = 70 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 73 dBA, 4w = 76 dBA

Page 36


s.ed.irway

.


5.4 Lobby

Often, lobbies feature a combination of high and low ceilings, irregular shapes, and open spaceSpeaker choice and placement should direct sound toward areas where people traffic is expectHere, we see two wall mounted speakers intended for sound coverage at the front desk and staareas. Similar results can be expected from ceiling mounted speakers.

Although the recommended spacing is the same for both 4 inch and 8 inch speakers, the “audioquality characteristics” for the two speakers will be different under the same ambient conditions


Suggested Spacing Criteria: Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) from Walls, Maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) SpacingType of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage TapSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/4w = 73 dBA, 1/2w = 76 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 79 dBA, 2w = 82 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 68 dBA, 1/2w = 71 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 74 dBA, 2w = 77 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 70 dBA, 1/2w = 73 dBA765 & 767 series 1w = 76 dBA, 2w = 79 dBA8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 75 dBA, 1w = 78 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 81 dBA, 4w = 84 dBA8" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/2w = 67 dBA, 1w = 70 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 73 dBA, 4w = 76 dBA


trant

m.


5.5 Manufacturing

In many manufacturing areas, higher ambient noise levels are routine. Speakers such as re-entype, with high wattage taps making them capable of higher SPLs are normally used. Ceilingmounting is not usually advantageous due to obstructions, pipes, and lack of a ceiling tile systeSpeakers mounted on walls and structural columns are recommended.


Type of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage Tap Suggested Spacing CriteriaSpeaker /StrobeRe-entrant Speaker 2w = 84 dBA, 4w = 87 dBA Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) above Floor,894B Series/CVT series 8w = 90 dBA, 15w = 93 dBA Maximum 40 ft (12.2 m) Spacing in ALL

directions, Maximum 20 ft (6.1 m) fromEnd Wall

Page 38


videch


5.6 High Ceilings - Ceiling Mount

In some cases, the greater distance from speakers to listeners may require higher power to prosound pressure levels that are at least 15 dBA over ambient levels. Thus, 965 & 964 series 8 inspeakers having 4 watt capability are suggested.

This layout is based on a 20 ft (6.1 m) high ceiling. Wall mounted strobes are recommended.


Type of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage Tap Suggested Spacing CriteriaSpeaker /Strobe8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 72 dBA, 1w = 75 dBA Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) from Walls,964 & 965 series 2w = 78 dBA, 4w = 81 dBA Maximum 30 ft (9.1 m) Spacing


os- oppo-

around


5.7 Large Rooms with High Ceilings

Sometimes, depending on floor and wall covering materials, confusing sound reflections are psible. In this case consider closer spacing than usual, wall mounted. Locate speakers exactlysite one another on both sides of the room.

In these types of applications, SPLs near the center of the room are usually higher than those perimeter. This layout is based on a 20 ft 6.1 m) high ceiling.


Suggested Spacing Criteria: Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) above Floor, Maximum 60 ft (18.2 m) Room Width, Maximum 40 ft(12.2 m) Spacing along Wall, Maximum 15 ft (4.6 m) from End WallType of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage TapSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/4w = 70 dBA, 1/2w = 73 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 76 dBA, 2w = 79 dBA4" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 71 dBA, 1w = 74 dBACSVT series 2w = 77 dBA, 4w = 80 dBA, 7.5w = 83 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 66 dBA, 1/2w = 69 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 72 dBA, 2w = 75 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 67 dBA, 1/2w = 70 dBA765 & 767 series 1w = 73 dBA, 2w = 75 dBA8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 72 dBA, 1w = 75 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 78 dBA, 4w = 81 dBA8" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/2w = 64 dBA, 1w = 67 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 70 dBA, 4w = 73 dBARe-entrant Speaker 2w = 81 dBA, 4w = 84 dBA894B Series/CVT series 8w = 87 dBA, 15w = 90 dBA

Page 40



5.8 Stairwell - Cone Speakers

Normally, surface mounted enclosures are used here. We recommend 964/965 series (SquareSpeakers) or the 765/767 series.

1,000 Hz Tone; dBA measured in Stairwell

Suggested Spacing Criteria: 1 Speaker at each FloorType of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage TapSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/4w = 73 dBA, 1/2w = 74 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 77 dBA, 2w = 80 dBA4" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 72 dBA, 1w = 74 dBACSVT series 2w = 78 dBA, 4w = 81 dBA, 7.5w = 84 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 66 dBA, 1/2w = 69 dBA964 & 965 series 1w = 72 dBA, 2w = 75 dBA4" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/4w = 68 dBA, 1/2w = 71 dBA765 & 767 series 1w = 74 dBA, 2w = 77 dBA8" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 73 dBA, 1w = 76 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 79 dBA, 4w = 82 dBA8" Cone Speaker/Strobe 1/2w = 65 dBA, 1w = 68 dBA964 & 965 series 2w = 71 dBA, 4w = 74 dBARe-entrant Speaker 2w = 81 dBA, 4w = 84 dBA894B Series/CVT series 8w = 87 dBA, 15w = 90 dBA


be


5.9 Parking Garage

Parking garage installations can require speakers rated for outdoor use and high sound levels toovercome ambient noise. Intelligibility can be difficult due to echoes caused by highly soundreflective surfaces. Usually more speakers at moderate volumes spaced closer to listeners can more effective than a few very loud units.


Type of EST Speaker or SPL/Wattage Tap Suggested Spacing CriteriaSpeaker /Strobe4" Cone Speaker 1/2w = 74 dBA, 1w = 77 dBA Maximum 10 ft (3.05 m) above Floor,CSVT series 2w = 80 dBA, 4w = 83 dBA, 7.5w = 86 dBA Maximum 40 ft (12.2 m) Spacing in ALL


Re-entrant Speaker 2w = 84 dBA, 4w = 87 dBA Maximum 10 ft (3.01 m) above Floor,894B Series/CVT series 8w = 90 dBA, 15w = 93 dBA Maximum 40 ft (12.2 m) Spacing in ALL


Page 42


n,ech

hed Hz.13 dB

mal

the

wer

ext or


6 Glossary

Articulation Index - A weighted fraction representing, for a given speech channel and noise conditiothe effective proportion of the normal speech signal that is available to the listener for conveying speintelligibility.

Audible - A signal is usually considered to be clearly audible if the A-weighted sound level exceeds tlevel of ambient noise by 15 dB or more. If octave band analysis is used then the sound level shoulexceed the masked threshold by at least 10 dB in one or more octave bands between 300 and 3000If 1/3 octave band analysis is used the sound level should exceed the masked threshold by at least in one or more octave bands between 300 and 3000 Hz.

Audibility Threshold - The sound pressure level for a specified frequency, at which persons with norhearing begin to respond.

Awakening Threshold - The level of sound that will awaken a sleeping subject 50% of the time.

A-weighted - A frequency weighting network which emphasizes the middle frequency componentssimilar to the response of the human ear. The A-weighted sound level is found to correlate well withsubjective assessment of the disturbing effects of sounds.

Crest Factor - The ratio of the peak or maximum value to the root-mean-square (RMS) value.

Decibel Scale - A linear numbering scale used to define a logarithmic amplitude scale, therebycompressing a wide range of amplitude values to a small set of numbers.

Decibel (dB) - One-tenth of a bel, the number of decibels denoting the ratio of the two amounts of pobeing ten times the logarithm to the base 10 of this ratio.

Dispersion Angle - For EST speakers, this is defined as the angle for which sound is within 6 dBA ofthe on-axis sound pressure level (SPL) at 1,000 Hz.

Equivalent Level (Leq) - The energy averaged sound pressure level over a specified time period.

Free Field - An environment in which there are no reflective surfaces within the region of interest.

Hertz (Hz) - The unit of frequency measurement representing cycles per second.

Leq - See Equivalent Level.

Masked Threshold - The level of sound at which a signal is just audible in ambient noise. For octaveanalysis the masked threshold is the ambient level or 7.5 dB less than the masked threshold of the nlower band, whichever is greater. For 1/3 octave analysis the masked threshold is the ambient level


of

er

uses

. Rever-ter a

rfectly

cause

ting

at

value

d to


2.5 dB less than the masked threshold of the lower band, whichever is greater.

Masking - The process by which the threshold of audibility of one sound is raised by the presenceanother (masking) sound.

Pink Noise - Broadband noise whose energy content is inversely proportional to frequency (-3 dB poctave or -10 dB per decade).

Resonance - Condition of peak vibratory response where a small change in excitation frequency caa decrease in system response.

Reverberation - The persistence of sound in an enclosure after a sound source has been stoppedberation time is the time, in seconds, for sound pressure at a specific frequency to decay 60 dB afsound source is stopped.

Sabin - A measure of sound absorption of a surface. 1 Sabin is equivalent to 1 square meter of peabsorptive surface.

Sound - Energy that is transmitted by pressure waves in air or other materials and is the objective of the sensation of hearing. Commonly called noise if it is unwanted.

Sound Intensity - The rate of sound energy transmission per unit area in a specified direction.

Sound Level - A sound pressure level obtained using a signal to which a standard frequency-weighhas been applied.

Sound Power - The rate at which acoustic energy is radiated from a source.

Sound Pressure - The pressure at a point caused by sound in space minus the static pressure at thpoint.

Sound Pressure Level (SPL) - The fundamental measure of sound pressure.

Speech Intelligibility - The percentage of syllables, words, or sentences understood correctly. Theobtained depends on the particular test applied.

Weighting Network - An electronic filter in a sound level meter which approximates, under definedconditions, various desired frequency responses. The A-weighting network is most commonly useapproximate the response of human hearing.

White Noise - A broadband noise having constant energy per unit of frequency.

Page 44



7 APPENDICES

7.1 Appendix A - EST Speakers: Specifications and Performance


ish


964/965 Series 4" Speaker (2 Watt)

SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 68.3 81.5 62.9-75 73.9 82.6 63.2-60 78.2 83.9 64.2-45 81.7 85.2 65.2-30 87.1 86.2 65.8-15 90.8 87.2 65.90 91.4 87.7 66.515 90.8 87.2 65.930 87.1 86.2 65.845 81.7 85.2 65.260 78.2 83.9 64.275 73.9 82.6 63.290 68.3 81.5 62.9

Catalog Number 964-1A-4R 965A-4R1Voltage 25.2 VRMS 70.7 VRMSOperating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureSpeaker 4" (102mm) rated at 7 watts; 120 gram (4.29 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 78 dBA (1/4W), 81 dBA (1/2W), 84 dBA (1W), 87 dBA (2W)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 170 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminalsBaffle & Finish Steel - 7.35" (187mm) Diameter, White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat finMounting Flush - EST 960A-4RF Backbox or North-American 4" Sq. 2-1/8" (54mm) deep

electrical box c/w 1-1/2" (38mm) extension ringAgency Listings ULC S541, UL 1480

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480 at 10 ft (3 m).

7.1.1 4" Cone Speakers - 964 & 965 Series

Polar Data measured in an Anechoic Chamber at 10 ft (3.05 m).

Page 46

4" Cone Speaker


h


Catalog Number 964-1A-4S 965A-4SVoltage 25.2 VRMS 70.7 VRMSOperating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureSpeaker 4" (102mm) rated at 7 watts; 120 gram (4.29 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 78 dBA (1/4W), 81 dBA (1/2W), 84 dBA (1W), 87 dBA (2W)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 170 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminalsBaffle & Finish Steel - 7" (178mm) Square, White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat finisMounting Flush - EST 960A-4SF Backbox or North-American 4" Sq. 2-1/8" (54mm) deep

electrical box c/w 1-1/2" (38mm) extension ringSurface - EST 960A-4SS Backbox

Agency Listings ULC S541, UL 1480

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480 at 10 ft (3 m).



4" Cone Speaker


SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 68.3 81.5 62.9-75 73.9 82.6 63.2-60 78.2 83.9 64.2-45 81.7 85.2 65.2-30 87.1 86.2 65.8-15 90.8 87.2 65.90 91.4 87.7 66.515 90.8 87.2 65.930 87.1 86.2 65.845 81.7 85.2 65.260 78.2 83.9 64.275 73.9 82.6 63.290 68.3 81.5 62.9


-

ish

)


Catalog Number 964-5A-4R 965-5A-4R 964-7A-4R 965-7A-4R 964-8A-4R 965-8A-4RSpeaker Input (V RMS) 25 70 25 70 25 70UL 1971 Rated Strobe Output 15 cd (wall) 15 cd 110 cd (wall)- candela (cd) (wall or ceiling) 60 cd (ceiling)UL 1638/ULC S526 Rated 15 cd (not UL 1638) 75 cd 120 cdStrobe OutputStrobe Average Operating 70 mA @ 24 Vdc 105 mA @ 24 Vdc 219 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 2) 80 mA @ 20 Vdc 125 mA @ 20 Vdc 272 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 352 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 2)Strobe Average Operating 84 mA @ 24 Vdc 168 mA @ 24 Vdc 325 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 3) 99 mA @ 20 Vdc 204 mA @ 20 Vdc 355 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 360 mA @ 20 Vdc 594 mA @ 20 Vdc 876 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 3)Strobe Flash Rate 1 flash per secondStrobe Operating Voltage 20 to 24V dc (Continuous)Operating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureLens Markings Supplied with LKW-1 "FIRE" red letters, vertical both sides (Wall Mount)Flash Tube Enclosure Clear LEXANSpeaker 4" (102mm) rated at 7 watts; 120 gram (4.29 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 75 dBA (1/4W), 78 dBA (1/2W), 81 dBA (1W), 84 dBA (2W) at 10 ft. (3m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 140 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminals; Strobe 7" (175mm) color-coded polarized leads

2 INs/2 OUTsBaffle & Finish Steel - 7.35" (187mm) Diameter White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat finMounting Flush - EST 960A-4RF Backbox or North-American 4" Sq. 2-1/8" (54mm) deep

electrical box c/w 1-1/2" (38mm) extension ringAgency Listings UL 1971, UL 1480

(Complies with ADA Code of Federal Regulation Chapter 28 Part 36 Final Rule

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480.Note 2 - From a FILTERED dc source.Note 3 - From an UNFILTERED (Full Wave Rectified) dc source.Note 4 - Use the average current rating to establish the maximum number of strobes, wire gauge and standby power

requirements.

7.1.3 4" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series (USA only)

Page 48




Page 49

964/965 4" Speaker/Strobe (2 Watt)

SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 63.8 76.6 78.3-80 67.2 77.5 78.7-70 70.8 78.2 79.1-60 72.7 79.2 79.6-50 70.5 80.0 80.2-40 66.0 81.0 80.5-30 63.5 82.0 80.4-20 70.0 83.0 81.2-10 73.0 84.0 81.20 73.0 84.5 81.310 73.0 84.0 81.220 70.0 83.0 81.230 63.5 82.0 80.940 66.0 81.0 80.550 70.5 80.0 80.260 72.7 79.2 79.670 70.8 78.2 79.180 67.2 77.5 78.790 63.8 76.6 78.3

4" Speaker/Strobe



Catalog Number 964-5A-4S 965-5A-4S 964-7A-4S 965-7A-4S 964-8A-4S 965-8A-4SSpeaker Input (V RMS) 25 70 25 70 25 70UL 1971 Rated Strobe Output 15 cd (wall) 15 cd 110 cd (wall)- candela (cd) (wall or ceiling) 60 cd (ceiling)UL 1638/ULC S526 Rated 15 cd (not UL 1638) 75 cd 120 cdStrobe OutputStrobe Average Operating 70 mA @ 24 Vdc 105 mA @ 24 Vdc 219 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 2) 80 mA @ 20 Vdc 125 mA @ 20 Vdc 272 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 352 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 2)Strobe Average Operating 84 mA @ 24 Vdc 168 mA @ 24 Vdc 325 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 3) 99 mA @ 20 Vdc 204 mA @ 20 Vdc 355 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 360 mA @ 20 Vdc 594 mA @ 20 Vdc 876 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 3)Strobe Flash Rate 1 flash per secondStrobe Operating Voltage 20 to 24V dc (Continuous)Operating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureLens Markings Supplied with LKW-1 "FIRE" red letters, vertical both sides (Wall Mount)Flash Tube Enclosure Clear LEXANSpeaker 4" (102mm) rated at 7 watts; 120 gram (4.29 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 75 dBA (1/4W), 78 dBA (1/2W), 81 dBA (1W), 84 dBA (2W) at 10 ft. (3m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 140 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminals; Strobe 7" (175mm) color-coded polarized leads -

2 INs/2 OUTsBaffle & Finish Steel - 7" (178mm) Square White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat finishMounting Flush - EST 960A-4SF Backbox or North-American 4" Sq. 2-1/8" (54mm) deep

electrical box c/w 1-1/2" (38mm) extension ringSurface - EST 960A-4SS Backbox

Agency Listings UL 1971, UL 1480(Complies with ADA Code of Federal Regulation Chapter 28 Part 36 Final Rule)

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480.Note 2 - From a FILTERED dc source.Note 3 - From an UNFILTERED (Full Wave Rectified) dc source.Note 4 - Use the average current rating to establish the maximum number of strobes, wire gauge and standby power

requirements.


Page 50




4" Speaker/Strobe


SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 63.8 76.6 78.3-80 67.2 77.5 78.7-70 70.8 78.2 79.1-60 72.7 79.2 79.6-50 70.5 80.0 80.2-40 66.0 81.0 80.5-30 63.5 82.0 80.4-20 70.0 83.0 81.2-10 73.0 84.0 81.20 73.0 84.5 81.310 73.0 84.0 81.220 70.0 83.0 81.230 63.5 82.0 80.940 66.0 81.0 80.550 70.5 80.0 80.260 72.7 79.2 79.670 70.8 78.2 79.180 67.2 77.5 78.790 63.8 76.6 78.3




Catalog Number 765-5A-* 767-5A-* 765-7A-* 767-7A-* 765-8A-* 767-8A-*Speaker Input (V RMS) 25 70 25 70 25 70UL 1971 Rated Strobe Output 15 cd (wall) 15 cd 110 cd (wall)- candela (cd) (wall or ceiling) 60 cd (ceiling)UL 1638/ULC S526 Rated 15 cd (not UL 1638) 75 cd 120 cdStrobe OutputStrobe Average Operating 70 mA @ 24 Vdc 105 mA @ 24 Vdc 219 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 2) 80 mA @ 20 Vdc 125 mA @ 20 Vdc 272 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 352 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 2)Strobe Average Operating 84 mA @ 24 Vdc 168 mA @ 24 Vdc 325 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 3) 99 mA @ 20 Vdc 204 mA @ 20 Vdc 355 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 360 mA @ 20 Vdc 594 mA @ 20 Vdc 876 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 3)Strobe Flash Rate 1 flash per secondStrobe Operating Voltage 20 to 24V dc (Continuous)Operating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureLens Markings Supplied with LKW-1 "FIRE" red letters, vertical both sides (Wall Mount)Flash Tube Enclosure Clear LEXANSpeaker 4" (102mm) rated at 7 watts; 120 gram (4.29 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 72 dBA (1/4W), 75 dBA (1/2W), 78 dBA (1W), 81 dBA (2W) at 10 ft. (3m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 120 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminals; Strobe 7" (175mm) color-coded polarized leads -

2 INs/2 OUTsHousing* Textured color impregnated Noryl - exceeds 94V-0 U.L. flammability ratingMounting North-American 4" Sq. 2-1/8" (54mm) deep flush electrical box;

Surface - EST 897A-012 or 897A-112 BackboxAgency Listings UL 1971, UL 1480

(Complies with ADA Code of Federal Regulation Chapter 28 Part 36 Final Rule)

* Suffix "-006" for Red housing, "-106" for Beige housing.Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480.Note 2 - From a FILTERED dc source.Note 3 - From an UNFILTERED (Full Wave Rectified) dc source.Note 4 - Use the average current rating to establish the maximum number of strobes, wire gauge and standby power

requirements.

Page 52




Page 53

Speaker/Strobe

765/767 Series Speaker/Strobe (2 Watt)

SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 75.0 79.0 71.0-75 79.0 79.0 73.0-60 78.0 81.0 75.0-45 75.0 84.0 76.0-30 76.0 86.0 77.0-15 77.0 87.0 78.00 82.0 87.0 78.015 77.0 87.0 78.030 76.0 86.0 77.045 75.0 84.0 76.060 78.0 81.0 75.075 79.0 79.0 73.090 75.0 79.0 71.0


y

inish

Edwards Systems Technolog


SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 70.5 82.6 78.2-75 74.3 84.6 79.8-60 76.4 86.9 81.6-45 77.8 89.5 82.9-30 86.7 91.9 84.1-15 91.4 93.6 84.90 93.9 94.1 85.315 91.4 93.6 84.930 86.7 91.9 84.145 77.8 89.5 82.960 76.4 86.9 81.675 74.3 84.6 79.890 70.5 82.6 78.2

Catalog Number 964-1A-8R 965A-8R1Voltage 25.2 VRMS 70.7 VRMSOperating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureSpeaker Cone 8" (203mm) rated at 5 watts; 152 gram (5.36 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/2, 1, 2, 4 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 81 dBA (1/2W), 84 dBA (1W), 87 dBA (2W), 90 dBA (4W) at 10 ft (3 m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 115 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminalsBaffle & Finish Steel - 12-1/2" (318mm) Diameter, White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat fMounting Flush - EST 960A-8RF BackboxAgency Listings ULC S541, UL 1480

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480 at 10 ft (3 m).85 dBA @ 10 ft (3.05 m) on the 4W tap in an anechoic chamber using a 600-4,000 Hz sinusoidal source perULC S541.



8" Cone Speaker

Page 54


ish

velr



SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 70.5 82.6 78.2-75 74.3 84.6 79.8-60 76.4 86.9 81.6-45 77.8 89.5 82.9-30 86.7 91.9 84.1-15 91.4 93.6 84.90 93.9 94.1 85.315 91.4 93.6 84.930 86.7 91.9 84.145 77.8 89.5 82.960 76.4 86.9 81.675 74.3 84.6 79.890 70.5 82.6 78.2

Catalog Number 964-1A-8S 965A-8S1Voltage 25.2 VRMS 70.7 VRMSOperating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureSpeaker Cone 8" (203mm) rated at 5 watts; 152 gram (5.36 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/2, 1, 2, 4 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 81 dBA (1/2W), 84 dBA (1W), 87 dBA (2W), 90 dBA (4W) at 10 ft (3 m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 115 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminalsBaffle & Finish Steel - 12-1/2" (318mm) Square, White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat finMounting Flush - EST 960A-8SF Backbox; Surface - EST 960A-8SS BackboxAgency Listings ULC S541, UL 1480

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480. The sound pressure lemeets 85 dBA @ 10 ft (3.05 m) on the 4W tap in an anechoic chamber using a 600-4,000 Hz sinusoidal source pe

ULC S541.



8" Cone Speaker

Page 55


eets


Catalog Number 964-5A-8R 965-5A-8R 964-7A-8R 965-7A-8R 964-8A-8R 965-8A-8RSpeaker Input (V RMS) 25 70 25 70 25 70UL 1971 Rated Strobe Output 15 cd (wall) 15 cd 110 cd (wall)- candela (cd) (wall or ceiling) 60 cd (ceiling)UL 1638/ULC S526 Rated 15 cd (not UL 1638) 75 cd 120 cdStrobe OutputStrobe Average Operating 70 mA @ 24 Vdc 105 mA @ 24 Vdc 219 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 2) 80 mA @ 20 Vdc 125 mA @ 20 Vdc 272 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 352 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 2)Strobe Average Operating 84 mA @ 24 Vdc 168 mA @ 24 Vdc 325 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 3) 99 mA @ 20 Vdc 204 mA @ 20 Vdc 355 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 360 mA @ 20 Vdc 594 mA @ 20 Vdc 876 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 3)Strobe Flash Rate 1 flash per secondStrobe Operating Voltage 20 to 24V dc (Continuous)Operating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureLens Markings Supplied with LKC-1 "FIRE" red letters, horizontal both sides (Ceiling Mount)Flash Tube Enclosure Clear LEXANSpeaker Cone 8" (203mm) rated at 5 watts; 152 gram (5.36 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/2, 1, 2, 4 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 78 dBA (1/2W), 81 dBA (1W), 84 dBA (2W), 87 dBA (4W) at 10 ft. (3m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 84 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminals; Strobe 7" (175mm) color-coded polarized leads -

2 INs/2 OUTsBaffle & Finish Steel - 12-1/2" (318mm) Diameter, White, Baked Epoxy Polyester

Powder-coat finishMounting Flush - EST 960A-8RF BackboxAgency Listings ULC S541, ULC S526, UL 1971, UL 1480

(Complies with ADA Code of Federal Regulation Chapter 28 Part 36 Final Rule)

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480. The sound pressure level m85 dBA @ 10 ft. (3.05 m) on the 4W tap in an anechoic chamber using a 600-4,000 Hz sinusoidal source perULC S541.

Note 2 - From a FILTERED dc source.Note 3 - From an UNFILTERED (Full Wave Rectified) dc source.Note 4 - Use the average current rating to establish the maximum number of strobes, wire gauge and standby power

requirements.

7.1.8 8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series

Page 56





SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 72.6 74.5 84.8-80 77.1 75.3 85.2-70 81.5 76.5 85.7-60 84.9 78.8 86.3-50 86.0 81.0 86.8-40 86.2 83.7 87.3-30 86.7 86.0 88.0-20 89.2 87.8 88.3-10 92.5 89.0 88.30 94.3 90.0 88.610 92.5 89.0 88.320 89.2 87.8 88.330 86.7 86.0 88.040 86.2 83.7 87.350 86.0 81.0 86.860 84.9 78.8 86.370 81.5 76.5 85.780 77.1 75.3 85.2

90 72.6 74.5 84.8

8" Speaker/Strobe

Page 57


-

ish

)

meets


Catalog Number 964-5A-8S 965-5A-8S 964-7A-8S 965-7A-8S 964-8A-8S 965-8A-8SSpeaker Input (V RMS) 25 70 25 70 25 70UL 1971 Rated Strobe Output 15 cd (wall) 15 cd 110 cd (wall)- candela (cd) (wall or ceiling) 60 cd (ceiling)UL 1638/ULC S526 Rated 15 cd (not UL 1638) 75 cd 120 cdStrobe OutputStrobe Average Operating 70 mA @ 24 Vdc 105 mA @ 24 Vdc 219 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 2) 80 mA @ 20 Vdc 125 mA @ 20 Vdc 272 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 208 mA @ 20 Vdc 352 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 2)Strobe Average Operating 84 mA @ 24 Vdc 168 mA @ 24 Vdc 325 mA @ 24 VdcCurrent (note 3) 99 mA @ 20 Vdc 204 mA @ 20 Vdc 355 mA @ 20 VdcStrobe Peak Operating 360 mA @ 20 Vdc 594 mA @ 20 Vdc 876 mA @ 20 VdcCurrent (note 3)Strobe Flash Rate 1 flash per secondStrobe Operating Voltage 20 to 24V dc (Continuous)Operating Environment INDOOR: 85% @ 30o C RH; 32-120o F (0-49o C) ambient temperatureLens Markings Supplied with LKC-1 "FIRE" red letters, horizontal both sides (Ceiling Mount)Flash Tube Enclosure Clear LEXANSpeaker Cone 8" (203mm) rated at 5 watts; 152 gram (5.36 oz) Ceramic Magnet; 8 Ohm

Voice CoilSpeaker Power Taps 1/2, 1, 2, 4 Watt InputSound Output (note 1) 78 dBA (1/2W), 81 dBA (1W), 84 dBA (2W), 87 dBA (4W) at 10 ft. (3m)Sound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 84 degreesWire Connections Speaker - screw terminals; Strobe 7" (175mm) color-coded polarized leads

2 INs/2 OUTsBaffle & Finish Steel - 12-1/2" (318mm) Square, White, Baked Epoxy Polyester Powder-coat finMounting Flush - EST 960A-8SF Backbox; Surface - EST 960A-8SS BackboxAgency Listings ULC S541, ULC S526, UL 1971, UL 1480

(Complies with ADA Code of Federal Regulation Chapter 28 Part 36 Final Rule

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4,000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480. The sound pressure level85 dBA @ 10 ft. (3.05 m) on the 4W tap in an anechoic chamber using a 600-4,000 Hz sinusoidal source perULC S541.

Note 2 - From a FILTERED dc source.Note 3 - From an UNFILTERED (Full Wave Rectified) dc source.Note 4 - Use the average current rating to establish the maximum number of strobes, wire gauge and standby power

requirements.

7.1.9 8" Cone Speaker/Strobes - 964 & 965 Series

Page 58





SPL - Polar Data

Degrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz-90 72.6 74.5 84.8-80 77.1 75.3 85.2-70 81.5 76.5 85.7-60 84.9 78.8 86.3-50 86.0 81.0 86.8-40 86.2 83.7 87.3-30 86.7 86.0 88.0-20 89.2 87.8 88.3-10 92.5 89.0 88.30 94.3 90.0 88.610 92.5 89.0 88.320 89.2 87.8 88.330 86.7 86.0 88.040 86.2 83.7 87.350 86.0 81.0 86.860 84.9 78.8 86.370 81.5 76.5 85.780 77.1 75.3 85.2

90 72.6 74.5 84.8

8" Speaker/Strobe

Page 59


cale.


894B/CVT Re-entrant Speaker (15 Watt)

SPL - Polar DataDegrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz

-90 95.8 92.2 75.8-80 97.2 92.5 76.9-70 98.0 93.2 77.6-60 100.2 94.0 78.3-50 102.2 95.2 79.0-40 102.2 96.3 80.0-30 101.5 97.3 80.3-20 101.5 98.0 81.3-10 103.2 98.4 81.80 104.5 98.6 82.210 103.2 98.4 81.820 101.5 98.0 81.330 101.5 97.3 80.340 102.2 96.3 80.050 102.2 95.2 79.060 100.2 94.0 78.370 98.0 93.2 77.680 97.2 92.5 76.990 95.8 92.2 75.8

Catalog Number 894B-004 894B-104Housing Color Red BeigePower Taps 2, 4, 8, 15 WattVoltage 70.7 VRMSVoice Coil Impedance 8 Ohm* Average Sound Pressure Level 92 dBA (2W); 94 dBA (4W); 97 dBA (8W); 99 dBA (15W)Frequency 400 to 5,000 HzSound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 150 degreesAmbient Operating Temperature -30o F to 150o F (-35o C to 66o C)Wiring Connection TerminalsBaffle/Housing - Material Colored LexanAgency Listings UL 1480

* Sound level rating is determined at 1,000 Hz at a distance of 3.05 m (10 ft) in an anechoic chamber on an "A" weighted s

7.1.10 Re-entrant Speakers - 894B Series (USA only)


Page 60



CVST 4" Speaker (7.5 Watt)

SPL - Polar DataDegrees 1000 Hz

-90 86.0-80 89.0-70 92.0-60 94.0-50 95.0-40 94.0-30 95.0-20 96.0-10 96.00 96.010 96.020 96.030 95.040 94.050 95.060 94.070 92.080 89.090 86.0

Catalog Number CSVT-27UCR CSVT-77UCR CSVTF-77UCRHousing Color 1/2, 1, 2 Watt 1, 2, 4, 7-1/2 WattPower Taps Surface or Semi-flush FlushVoltage 70.7 VRMSFrequency 400 to 4000 HzSound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 150 degreesAmbient Operating Temperature -30 deg. F to 150 deg. F (-35 deg. C to 66 deg. C)Sensitivity as Microphone -29 dBM (Ref: 1 KHz., 10 dynes/sq.cm)Wiring Connection 6" (150 mm) color-coded Wire LeadsBaffle/Housing - Material, Finish Molded Noryl 190 Plastic with textured Red FinishAgency Listings ULC S541

dBA Sound Pressure Levels - CSVT/CSVTF Series (note 1)Distance 7-1/2 Watt 4 Watt 2 Watt 1 Watt 1/2 Watt4' (1.2 m) 105 102 99 96 9310' (3 m) 96 93 90 87 84

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480.

7.1.11 4" Cone Speakers - CSVT Series (Canada only)

CSVT CSVTF

Page 61



894B/CVT Re-entrant Speaker (15 Watt)

SPL - Polar DataDegrees 4000 Hz 1000 Hz 400 Hz

-90 95.8 92.2 75.8-80 97.2 92.5 76.9-70 98.0 93.2 77.6-60 100.2 94.0 78.3-50 102.2 95.2 79.0-40 102.2 96.3 80.0-30 101.5 97.3 80.3-20 101.5 98.0 81.3-10 103.2 98.4 81.80 104.5 98.6 82.210 103.2 98.4 81.820 101.5 98.0 81.330 101.5 97.3 80.340 102.2 96.3 80.050 102.2 95.2 79.060 100.2 94.0 78.370 98.0 93.2 77.680 97.2 92.5 76.990 95.8 92.2 75.8

Catalog Number CVT-17UCR CVT-157UCR CVTF-157UCRWattage Taps 1/4, 1/2, 1 Watt 2, 4, 8, 15 WattPower Taps Surface or Semi-flush FlushVoltage 70.7 VRMSVoice Coil Impedance 8 OhmFrequency 400 to 5,000 HzSound Dispersion Angle Symmetrical at 150 degreesAmbient Operating Temperature -30o F to 150o F (-35o C to 66o C)Sensitivity as Microphone -26 dBM (Ref: 1 KHz., 10 dynes/sq.cm)Wiring Connection TerminalsHousing Material/Finish Die-cast Zinc Alloy with Red Baked Epoxy FinishAgency Listings ULC S541

dBA Sound Pressure Level Table - CVT/CVTF Series (Note 1)Distance 15 Watt 8 Watt 4 Watt 2 Watt 1 Watt 1/2 Watt 1/4 Watt10' (3 m) 102 99 96 93 90 87 84

Note 1 - Measured in a reverberation room using 400-4000 Hz band pink noise per UL 1480.

7.1.12 Re-entrant Speakers - CVT/CVTF Series (Canada only)


Page 62

CVT CVTF



8 Acknowledgements

Section 3.1 - Based in part on ANSI/NFPA 72 1993 National Fire Alarm Code publishedby the National Fire Protection Association.

Section 3.3 - Based in part on NATIONAL BUILDING CODE of CANADA (1995)published by National Research Council Canada.

Section 3.4 - Based in part on CAN/ULC S524 M91 Standard for the Installationof Fire Alarm Systems published by Underwriters’ Laboratories of Canada.


85000-0033 Issue 2© 1995 EST Printed in Canada

Head Offices

625 6th Street East 6411 Parkland Drive 195 Farmington AvenueOwen Sound, Ontario Sarasota, Florida Farmington, Connecticut

Canada N4K 5P8 U.S.A. 34243 U.S.A. 06034TEL: (519) 376-2430 TEL: (813) 756-3278 TEL: (203) 678-0410FAX: (519) 376-7258 FAX: (813) 751-6384 FAX: (203) 677-1621

International Sales Office

6300 Northwest DriveMississauga, Ontario

Canada L4V 1J7TEL: (905) 678-6767FAX: (905) 678-9791

Please contact your local Edwards Systems Technology Representative forinformation on our complete line of fire alarm system products

or call us direct at one of the addresses below.

™

speaker application guide - home - fire alarm … systems technology speaker application guide 1...

Documents