speaking effectively. chapter 2, lesson 3 overview what is the purpose of learning to speak...
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Speaking EffectivelySpeaking Effectively
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
OverviewOverview
• What is the purpose of learning to What is the purpose of learning to speak effectively?speak effectively?
• How do you prepare to speak?How do you prepare to speak?
• What are the types of speaking?What are the types of speaking?
• What are methods of presentation?What are methods of presentation?
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
OverviewOverview
• What are ways of organizing a presentation?What are ways of organizing a presentation?• What are ways to use visual support?What are ways to use visual support?• What are presentation skills?What are presentation skills?• Why is it important to practice your speech?Why is it important to practice your speech?• Giving your speechGiving your speech
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Quick WriteQuick Write
Think about a change you’d make in your school Think about a change you’d make in your school if you were in charge if you were in charge
Write down your idea in a sentence and list three or Write down your idea in a sentence and list three or four good reasons why you’d make four good reasons why you’d make
that change if you could that change if you could
Then arrange the supporting points as you would if Then arrange the supporting points as you would if you had to make a short speech in class about you had to make a short speech in class about
your suggested changeyour suggested change
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Speaking Speaking
• Speaking to an audience in Speaking to an audience in public is one of the oldest forms public is one of the oldest forms of human communicationof human communication
• An An oratororator is someone who is is someone who is known for his or her skill and known for his or her skill and power as a public speakerpower as a public speaker
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Fear of Public SpeakingFear of Public Speaking
• Speaking in front of a group is by far Speaking in front of a group is by far most people’s greatest fear most people’s greatest fear
• The ability to speak well in front of a The ability to speak well in front of a group is one of the qualities people group is one of the qualities people admire mostadmire most
• It is an ability that will serve you wellIt is an ability that will serve you well
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Fear of Public Speaking
• The person who can communicate ideas The person who can communicate ideas clearly has a greater chance of personal clearly has a greater chance of personal and professional success and professional success
• Chances are that someone will eventually Chances are that someone will eventually ask you to speak before an audience ask you to speak before an audience
• Learning the fundamentals of speaking can Learning the fundamentals of speaking can help you conquer your fear help you conquer your fear
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Six Steps for Effective CommunicationSix Steps for Effective Communication
Analyze purpose and audience
Research your topic
Support your ideas
Organize and outline
Draft and edit
Fight for feedback
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Purpose and AudiencePurpose and Audience
• Know what your purpose is:Know what your purpose is:– To To informinform– To To persuadepersuade– To To entertainentertain
• Analyze the listeners in your audienceAnalyze the listeners in your audience– Background, expectations, knowledge of topicBackground, expectations, knowledge of topic– Use everyday languageUse everyday language
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Types of SpeakingTypes of Speaking
• BriefingsBriefings present information quickly present information quickly and concisely and concisely
• LecturesLectures are used to teach new material are used to teach new material
• SpeechesSpeeches are given in a variety of are given in a variety of situations situations
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
BriefingBriefing
• A briefing’s purpose is to A briefing’s purpose is to informinform—to tell about a mission, —to tell about a mission, operation, or concept operation, or concept
• Briefings also Briefings also directdirect—enable listeners to perform a —enable listeners to perform a procedure or carry out instructions procedure or carry out instructions
• Or they Or they persuadepersuade—support a certain solution and lead —support a certain solution and lead listeners to accept that solution listeners to accept that solution
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
A B Cs of BriefingA B Cs of Briefing
Always be:
CCURATE
RIEF
LEAR
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
LectureLecture
• In a lecture, most of the speakingIn a lecture, most of the speaking is directed toward teachingis directed toward teaching
– In In formal lecturesformal lectures, the , the communication is generally one-sidedcommunication is generally one-sided
– Informal lecturesInformal lectures allow for verbal allow for verbal interaction between instructor and interaction between instructor and
studentsstudents
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
SpeechesSpeeches
Entertaining
To Inform
speeches may rely heavily on speeches may rely heavily on humor and getting people’s humor and getting people’s attentionattention
speeches are characterized speeches are characterized by an appeal to the emotionsby an appeal to the emotions
use the same kind of use the same kind of organization and support organization and support materials as lectures domaterials as lectures do
Persuasive
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Methods of PresentationMethods of Presentation
Speaking
From Memory
Reading
From PreparedManuscript
Speaking
Impromptu With no Specific Preparation
ExtemporaneouslyWith Preparation And a Few Notes
Speaking
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Organizing a PresentationOrganizing a Presentation
• You must organize your message with You must organize your message with the audience in mindthe audience in mind
• Every speech needs:Every speech needs:– an introductionan introduction– a bodya body– a conclusiona conclusion
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
IntroductionIntroduction
• Good speakers capture the audience’s attention Good speakers capture the audience’s attention immediately; you must motivate them to listenimmediately; you must motivate them to listen
• Introductions vary: for an Introductions vary: for an informativeinformative presentation, presentation, it’s helpful to begin with an overview it’s helpful to begin with an overview
• For For lectureslectures and and speechesspeeches, you can use attention-, you can use attention-gettersgetters
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
TransitionsTransitions
• Use words such as Use words such as first, next,first, next, or or finallyfinally (to help (to help audience follow development of ideas) audience follow development of ideas)
• You can also words such as You can also words such as howeverhowever or or on the other on the other handhand (to indicate a change of direction in thought) (to indicate a change of direction in thought)
• And use And use inin additionaddition or or moreovermoreover (to indicate a (to indicate a related idea)related idea)
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ConclusionConclusion
• Most speeches don’t require a long conclusion Most speeches don’t require a long conclusion – With With informative speechesinformative speeches, you can summarize your main , you can summarize your main
pointspoints
– For For persuasive speechespersuasive speeches, you might use a motivational , you might use a motivational statementstatement
– In an In an entertaining speechentertaining speech, you could build to a brief, , you could build to a brief, memorable punch line memorable punch line
• A key rule is to keep it short and sweet A key rule is to keep it short and sweet
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
RecapRecap
Remember the old rule: Remember the old rule:
““Tell them what you’re going to tell them;Tell them what you’re going to tell them;
Tell them; Tell them;
Then tell them what you told them.”Then tell them what you told them.”
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Visual AidsVisual Aids
Visual aids are objects or displays that illustrate your ideas
Types:
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills
The The imageimage you project as a speaker is more you project as a speaker is more important than what you sayimportant than what you say
First impressions are based on First impressions are based on nonverbal communicationnonverbal communication
How yo
u d
ress
How you carry
yourself
How you wear
your hair
How yo
u us
e
gestu
res
and
body
lang
uage
NonverbalCommunication
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Presentation SkillsPresentation Skills
• Keys to a polished delivery include:Keys to a polished delivery include:
– your voice, appropriate use of humor, the way you handle your voice, appropriate use of humor, the way you handle your notes, ability to overcome stage fright your notes, ability to overcome stage fright
• If you look well prepared, If you look well prepared, YOUYOU will be the most effective will be the most effective visual aid in your speechvisual aid in your speech
• Includes appearance, posture, eye contact, facial Includes appearance, posture, eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, and movementexpressions, gestures, and movement
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Movement ChallengesMovement Challenges
• Life rafters:Life rafters: These speakers cling to the podium or These speakers cling to the podium or lectern lectern
• Hand washersHand washers:: These speakers store all their These speakers store all their nervousness in their hands—while speaking, they nervousness in their hands—while speaking, they wash and wash wash and wash
• Caged tigers:Caged tigers: These speakers continually pace from These speakers continually pace from one side of the room or stage to the other one side of the room or stage to the other
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Movement ChallengesMovement Challenges
• Rockers:Rockers: Rockers unconsciously move backward Rockers unconsciously move backward and forward, or side to side, or bothand forward, or side to side, or both
• Pocket maniacs:Pocket maniacs: These speakers jam their hands These speakers jam their hands in their pockets in their pockets
• Pen clickers:Pen clickers: These speakers have to be doing These speakers have to be doing something with their hands—they are compelled something with their hands—they are compelled to manipulate and click any pen in their to manipulate and click any pen in their possessionpossession
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Using Your Voice EffectivelyUsing Your Voice Effectively
• Rate Rate is the speed you speakis the speed you speak
• VolumeVolume is how loudly or softly you speak; is how loudly or softly you speak; pitchpitch is the is the highness or lowness of a soundhighness or lowness of a sound
• A A pausepause is a brief halt in your speech is a brief halt in your speech
• ArticulationArticulation is the art of expressing words distinctly; is the art of expressing words distinctly; pronunciationpronunciation is the ability to say words correctly is the ability to say words correctly
• Vocalized pausesVocalized pauses are syllables such as “a,” “uh,” are syllables such as “a,” “uh,” “um,” and “ah”“um,” and “ah”
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Practicing Your SpeechPracticing Your Speech
• Read your speech aloud several timesRead your speech aloud several times
• Edit words that are difficult to say Edit words that are difficult to say
• Practice looking at your makePractice looking at your make--believe believe audienceaudience
• Provide the punctuation through vocal Provide the punctuation through vocal inflection, variety, and pauses inflection, variety, and pauses
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Practicing Your SpeechPracticing Your Speech
• It’s important to practice the speech in front It’s important to practice the speech in front of a critical listener and ask for feedback of a critical listener and ask for feedback
– Do your visual aids work? Do your visual aids work?
– Are you hitting a smooth flow? Are you hitting a smooth flow?
– Does your speech sound natural? Does your speech sound natural?
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Giving Your SpeechGiving Your Speech
• The big moment has arrived:The big moment has arrived:
– Walk to the podium and take Walk to the podium and take out your notes out your notes
– Take a deep breathTake a deep breath– Slowly look around the roomSlowly look around the room– Survey the audience, from left Survey the audience, from left
to rightto right– Project confidenceProject confidence
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
Giving Your SpeechGiving Your Speech• Begin in a strong, self-assured voice:Begin in a strong, self-assured voice:
– Keep eye contact with the audienceKeep eye contact with the audience
– Look for feedback Look for feedback • nodsnods• puzzled looks puzzled looks • and so forthand so forth
– Smile!Smile!
– Use natural gestures to relieve tensionUse natural gestures to relieve tension
• Once you’ve made your main points, you can close with Once you’ve made your main points, you can close with confidenceconfidence
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Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ReviewReview
• Studies have shown that speaking in front of a Studies have shown that speaking in front of a group is by far most people’s greatest fear group is by far most people’s greatest fear
• The ability to speak well in front of a group is The ability to speak well in front of a group is one of the qualities people admire most, and it’s one of the qualities people admire most, and it’s an ability will serve you well in life an ability will serve you well in life
• Learning the fundamentals of speaking can help Learning the fundamentals of speaking can help you conquer your fear you conquer your fear
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ReviewReview
• BriefingsBriefings present information quickly and present information quickly and conciselyconcisely
• LecturesLectures are used to teach new material are used to teach new material• SpeechesSpeeches are given in a variety of situations are given in a variety of situations
– Some methods of presentation are: Some methods of presentation are:
• speaking from memory speaking from memory
• manuscript reading manuscript reading
• impromptu speakingimpromptu speaking
• extemporaneous speaking extemporaneous speaking
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ReviewReview
• Clear organization is vital to effective speakingClear organization is vital to effective speaking
• Every speech needs an introduction, a body, and a Every speech needs an introduction, a body, and a conclusionconclusion
• ““Tell them what you’re going to tell them; tell them; tell Tell them what you’re going to tell them; tell them; tell them what you told them”them what you told them”
• Visual aidsVisual aids are objects or displays that give emphasis to are objects or displays that give emphasis to and illustrate your ideasand illustrate your ideas
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ReviewReview
• Presentation skills—such as maintaining eye Presentation skills—such as maintaining eye contact, gesturing, and using your voice effectivelycontact, gesturing, and using your voice effectively—will help your speech delivery —will help your speech delivery
• Before you speak, your biggest challenge will be to Before you speak, your biggest challenge will be to overcome (or at least control) stage frightovercome (or at least control) stage fright
• Practicing your presentation will help you polish Practicing your presentation will help you polish your delivery your delivery
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
ReviewReview
• Although preparing a talk can be hard work, for Although preparing a talk can be hard work, for many people the hardest part is presenting the talkmany people the hardest part is presenting the talk
• The more you do it, the better you’ll get, and the The more you do it, the better you’ll get, and the faster you’ll work the kinks out of your delivery faster you’ll work the kinks out of your delivery stylestyle
• Your audience wants you to succeed Your audience wants you to succeed
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
SummarySummary
• What is the purpose of learning to speak What is the purpose of learning to speak effectively?effectively?
• How do you prepare to speak?How do you prepare to speak?
• What are the types of speaking?What are the types of speaking?
• What are methods of presentation?What are methods of presentation?
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
SummarySummary
• What are ways of organizing a presentation?What are ways of organizing a presentation?
• What are ways to use visual support?What are ways to use visual support?
• What are presentation skills?What are presentation skills?
• Why is it important to practice your speech?Why is it important to practice your speech?
• Giving your speechGiving your speech
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
NextNext
• Done—speaking effectivelyDone—speaking effectively
• Next—we’ll learn about interpreting Next—we’ll learn about interpreting events and experiencesevents and experiences
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