speaking for excellence charles g. prober, m.d. professor of pediatrics, microbiology &...

Speaking for Excellence

Charles G. Prober, M.D.Professor of Pediatrics, Microbiology & ImmunologySenior Associate Dean, Medical EducationStanford University School of Medicine

Stanford UniversitySchool of Medicine


Why should you care?Know the formatKnow your audienceKnow your time allocationOrganize your materialOptimize your presentation aidsBe preparedTips for being an effective speaker

Speaking for ExcellenceWhy Should You care?

AT LUNCH WITH KEVIN R. DALEY

It's Not What You Say, but How It SoundsBy CLAUDIA H. DEUTSCH

OTHING looks calculated about the beige sport jacket and tie that Kevin R. Daley is wearing, or about the barely sipped glass of pinot grigio sitting before him, or about the well-lighted corner table at the Princeton Club at which he and a reporter have been genially sparring for more than four hours.

September 7, 2003

Kevin R. Daley, a co-founder of Communispond, has long studied the effects of a person's appearance, sound and behavior on his or her ability to get ahead

http://www.nytimes.com/

http://www.nytimes.com/pages/business/index.html

1. Public speaking2. Getting fat3. Going out alone at night3. Going to the dentist3. Own death6. Spiders and insects7. Swimming in the ocean8. Being in high, exposed places 9. Flying in planes10. Being in a crowd of people11. Being in the dark12. Friday the 13th

Most Common Adult Fears

Know the Format

Scientific abstract LectureSeminarWorkshopPanel discussion

Know Your Audience

Educational background Range of expertiseExpectations

Know Your Time Allocation

Do not EVER go over timeNever rush to finishKnow if time includes Q&A

Time Management

~ 75% of allocated time

1 hour = 45 minutes½ hour = 20-25 minutes

Organize Your Material

Brief outline (bullets & key points)Avoid readingUse visual aids to keep on track

Optimize Presentation Aids

BlackboardSlidesVideosRadiographs

Use to highlight your points

Optimal Slide Utilization

Slides are useful to:

1. Emphasize key points 2. Dwell on a specific idea 3. Control flow of information 4. Provide the logic of your points

Audience attention is focused on the slides, not you. This can lessen your impact


Test drive on computer before use!

Be prepared for glitches in PowerPoint

Use only slides that you have prepared

Slides should support and enhance your presentation, but it is you who must convince the audience


Maximize font sizeAvoid multiple fonts and stylesAVOID ALL CAPITALSDo not mix and match colorsNo more than 10 lines per slide

This is meant to be an example of a bad slide!


Maximize font size (> 36 pt)

Do not mix colors

Ideal, < 6 lines per slide

Keep them simple


Thirty-eightThirty-sixThirty-twoTwenty-eightTwenty-fourEighteen


Do not present excess raw data Use figures over tables Use photographs whenever possible

Minimize Data

Children Adolescents Adults

New lesion formation - 1.0 day - 0.5 day - 0.6 days

Total number of lesions - 53 - 24 - 232

% with > 500 lesions - 17% - 13% _

# residual lesions, 28 days - 20 - 70 _

Difference, time to afebrile > 1.0 day > 1.0 day 0.5 days

Age (yr) # enrollees Acyclovir dose mg doses / day # days

1 2 - 12 815 20/kg 4 5

2 13 - 18 62 800 4 5

3 ≥ 17 76 800 5 7

This is way too much data for one slide!

Efficacy of Acyclovir in Normal Subjects with Chickenpox

3 placebo-controlled trials

Enrollment within 24 hr of onset

Minimal benefit, lesion formation & fever

2.6

4.2

1.8

2.8

1.6

3.0

1.8

2.8

0

1

2

3

4

5

Day

s

AllSymptoms

Fever Cough NasalCongestion

Median duration

Oseltamivir phosphate (n=217)

Placebo (n=235)

Adapted from Whitley RJ, et al. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2001;20:127-133.

Efficacy of Oseltamivir in Children with Influenza

Efficacy of Zanamivir in Children with Influenza

Too Much Data

Favorable Prognosis Associated With Immune Response Signature

Gil Chu, M.D.


“A picture is worth a thousand words”

Herpes virus infections may disseminate

Favored organs include:Liver - hepatitis, yellow atrophyLungs - pneumonitis,respiratory failureBrain - encephalitis, atrophy

HSV preferentially spreads to liver,

lung, & brain.


One unanimated slide per 1-2 min

Align your comments with your slides

Do not apologize for bad slides


Do not use bad slides!!

Be Prepared

Rehearse

Tape your talk

Be Prepared

Avoid ums, ahs, & eh’s

Avoid jargon & abbreviations

Be Prepared

Vary your paceUse inflections & pausesRepeat for effect

Be familiar with the equipment

ComputerSlide ControlLight ControlPointerPodiumMicrophone

Be Prepared

Be Prepared …….. for the Unexpected

Equipment failuresInterruptions

Tips For Being An Effective Speaker

Want to give the lectureCapture & retain your audienceDo not provide too much information

Show your enthusiasm!!!!


Be relevantRespect your audienceBe engagingMake eye contactUse humor wisely


Always ask - Is this relevant?Minimize number of teaching pointsStart and finish strong and on time!


If you want to bore someone, tell them everything you know.

Voltaire (1694-1778)

Avoid Too Much Information


State where you are goingGo thereSummarize where you have been


Effective Lecturing

Thank your audience

Toastmasters International:10 Tips for Successful Public Speaking

1. Know the room 2. Know the audience 3. Know your material 4. Relax 5. Visualize yourself giving your speech 6. Realize that people want you to succeed 7. Don't apologize 8. Concentrate on the message, not the medium9. Turn nervousness into positive energy10. Gain experience

http://www.palouse.net/moscowtoastmasters/logo.jpg

Gil Chu’s Tips on Giving a Good Talk

Ten CommandmentsTen Commandments

1.Don’t talk with nothing to say2.Don’t talk without rehearsing3.Don’t show too many slides4.Don’t stuff slides with too much data5.Don’t show slides without a punchline6.Don’t show illegible slides7.Don’t use subtle colors8.Don’t talk unless you can be heard9.Don’t use obscure abbreviations10. Don’t wiggle the laser pointer

Do Not Talk Unless You Have Something To Say

Your audience wants a messageYour audience wants a message

They need to understand the message They need to understand the message

They need to remember the message:They need to remember the message:

Tell them what you are going to sayTell them what you are going to say

Say it

Tell them what you just said

Do Not Talk Without Rehearsing

Preparation is keyPreparation is key

Rehearse to yourselfRehearse to yourself

Rehearse to friends or mentorsRehearse to friends or mentors

Test drive the Power Point file:Test drive the Power Point file:

Test it on your own equipmentTest it on your own equipment

Test it on the equipment in the lecture hall

Bring a backup file on a flash memory

Do Not Show Too Many Slides

Your audience will stop listeningYour audience will stop listening

Speakers who follow you will be annoyed Speakers who follow you will be annoyed

You will appear selfish and inconsiderateYou will appear selfish and inconsiderate

Everybody will have less time for lunchEverybody will have less time for lunch

Thus, allow 1 to 2 minutes per slideThus, allow 1 to 2 minutes per slide

Do Not Talk Unless You Can Be Heard

Face your audience, not the screenFace your audience, not the screen

Make sure the microphone is working Make sure the microphone is working

Speak clearlySpeak clearly

Don’t mumbleDon’t mumble

Don’t turn away from the microphoneDon’t turn away from the microphone

Don’t talk faster than they can think

Do Not Be Annoying

Arriving lateArriving late

Blocking the screen

Speaking too softly

Wiggling your pointer

Going over allotted time

The Golden RuleThe Golden Rule

Talk-eth to others as you would Talk-eth to others as you would have others talk-eth to youhave others talk-eth to you

speaking for excellence charles g. prober, m.d. professor of pediatrics, microbiology &...

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