speaking session
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
AGOSTO 2013
TEACHING SPEAKING
AGENDA
A) OBJECTIVES
B) THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
C) TOP TIPS FOR SPEAKING
Provide your own definition of SPEAKING
Understand the different components of COMMUNICATIVE
COMPETENCE
Identify the elements of SPOKEN LANGUAGE
Describe and Explain the principles for
TEACHING SPEAKING
You have already dealt with LISTENING and we are moving into SPEAKING.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
LISTENING AND SPEAKING?
Work with a partner and try to spot as many differences as possible.
SPEAKING LISTENING
PRODUCTIVE RECEPTIVE
Now We’d like you to THINK about your own performance as a speaker of a foreign language (English). Find a partner and try to give a definition of SPEAKING as a skill.
WHAT DO YOU DO WHEN YOU SPEAK?
WHAT IS TO SPEAK?
TEACHING SPEAKING
Speaking is “the process of building and sharing
meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols in a variety of
contexts”
Gestures, touch, body language, posture, physical distance.
This time, look for another partner to enrich your productions by sharing information and points of view.
WHAT IS TO SPEAK WELL?
TEACHING SPEAKING
WHAT IS TO SPEAK «WELL»?
Take a look at the following list.If you agree with one of the staments..
CLAP YOUR HANDS!
To CREATE well-formed sentences.
To PRONOUNCE correctly and clearly.
To HAVE a large vocabulary.
To HAVE a native like intonation.
To BE fluent.
To BE ABLE to EXPLAIN things easily.
To speak well is to have:
COMMUNINCATIVE
COMPETENCE
LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
SOCIO
LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
DISCOURSE
COMPETENCE
STRATEGIC
COMPETENCE
Understanding and using: Vocabulary, Language Conventions (grammar, punctuation, spelling) and syntax
(sentence structure)
LINGUISTIC
COMPETENCE
Having awareness of social rules of Language (formality, politeness),
register, cultural references (idioms, expressions, etc)
SOCIOLINGUISTIC
COMPETENCE
Formal
InformalContext
PersonPlace
REGISTER
Using strategies to compensate for gaps in skills
and knowledge.
STRATEGIC
COMPETENCE
What’s this?
a piece of equipment that makes a film or picture appear on a screen or flat surface
Understanding how ideas are connected that is to say how sentence
elementes are put together.
DISCOURSE
COMPETENCE
It is how texts are constructed
COHERENCE
TEACHING SPEAKING
Is this dialogue COHERENT?
Extract 1
Person 1: Going to the review session?Person 2: Rugby practice.
It is the grammatical and / or lexical relationship between
the different parts of a sentence.
COHESION
TEACHING SPEAKING
Reference
Repetition
Synonyms
ExtractJeff: Hey, Lindsey, how’s it going?Lindsey: Wow! I just had a test and it was really hard!Jeff: Oh, what was the test about?Lindsey: Statistics! All those formulas are so confusing!Jeff: Yeah, In don’t like that stuff either
Communicative Competence
LINGUISTIC
COMPETENCE
SOCIO
LINGUISTIC
COMPETENCE
STRATEGIC
COMPETENCEDISCOURSE
COMPETENCE
TEACHING SPEAKING
Select the correct
WORDS
Select the correct
EXPRESSIONS
Convey MEANING
ACCURACY
refers to the ability
to speak properly
FLUENCY
Fluency is the capacity to speak
fluidly and confidently.
Accuracy vs. FluencyFLUENCY vs. ACCURACY
SPOKEN LANGUAGE ELEMENTS
SITUATION
Extract 2
Jeff: Hungry?Lindsey: Yep.Jeff: Pizza?Lindsey: Nope.Jeff: Mexican?Lindsey: Mmmmmm, nah.Jeff: Chinese?Lindsey: Maybe.Jeff: Sushi!Lindsey: Yeah!
HAVE YOU EVER FACED ONE OF THESE PROBLEMS?
My class is too big to make pair and group work
Whenever I tell my students we’re going to do a speaking activity, they don’t want to do it
When they form groups to do a speaking activity, my students speak Spanish not English
I don’t have enough time to practice speaking in class
My students make so many mistakes, I can’t correct them
My students are too noisy
SOLUTIONS
Look for a partner and answer the following question:
What are the TEACHER’S ROLES while teaching SPEAKING?
If we have this clear in mind, the solution will be closer.
CLASSROOM ORGANIZATION
TOP TIPS FOR TEACHING SPEAKING ARE:
Focus on both FLUENCY and ACCURACY.
Provide motivating techniques.
Encourage the use of AUTEHNTIC Language.
Provide appropriate FEEDBACK and CORRECTION.
Capitalize the natural link between SPEAKING and LISTENING.
Give students opportunities for oral communication.
Encourage the development of speaking strategies.
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCYACCURACY
Speaking Activities - Categories
Accuracy-Based Fluency-Based
Conscious focus on LANGUAGE.High degree of Control.
Focused on Communication.
Accuracy-Based Activities
ControlledActivities
Communicative Function
Conversational Strategies
Grammatical
Structures
Accuracy-Based Activities
CONTEXTUALIZED
PERSONALIZED
BUILDING AWARENESS ABOUT THE
LANGUAGE USE
Accuracy-Based Activities
Where is the parrot?
The parrot is _____ the bag.
Image taken from STORYLINE by Pearson
Imagine this is a picture of your bedroom. Your partner will ask you some questions and with your answers he / she will draw the objects in an empty picture.
Image taken from STORYLINE by Pearson
EXAMPLES
Questions and answers Questions and Answer contests
Spot the differenceChain game
DrillingsReading a dialogue
Disappearing dialoguesQuestionnaires/surveysFind someone who…?
Activities to PROMOTE Speaking
Fluency-Based Activities
DISCUSSIONS
ROLE PLAY
INTERVIEWS
REPORTING
INTERVIEW AN INTERESTING PERSONALITY
TELEPHONING
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCY-BASEDACTIVITIES
“Appeal to students’ objectives and interests,
so as to achieve COMPETENCE and
AUTONOMY”
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCY-BASEDACTIVITIES
“It is hard to create authentic and meaningful contexts but you will see
the results”
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCY-BASEDACTIVITIES
“By giving appropriate and positive FEEDBACK you will be emotionally
connected with your students”
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCY-BASEDACTIVITIES
“The two skills always work together. The
production of Language must start with
comprehension”
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCY-BASEDACTIVITIES
“Give your students the power to generate new
conversations”
TEACHING SPEAKING
FLUENCY-BASEDACTIVITIES
SPEAKING STRATEGIES• Asking for clarification• Asking for repetition• Using fillers to get time• Keeping the conversation going• Getting someone’s attention• Paraphrasing• Asking for help and collaboration• Using Chunks• Using mime and non-verbal expressions
We have seen a lot of things till now.We have reflected a lot and received a lot of information.
Do you remember how I started this session?I clearly stated the OBJECTIVES for this presentation.To define your objectives is essential to move towards it.So now,What is our objective while teaching SPEAKING?
TEACHING SPEAKING
Effective communication
NARRATE
CORRECT
SHAREPERSUADE
EXPRESS
DESCRIBE