speaking to persuade & appendix b – sample speech hcom 100 instructor name
TRANSCRIPT
PREVIEWSpeaking to Persuade
Persuasion Defined Motivating Your Audience Selecting and Narrowing Your
Persuasive Presentation Topic Organizing Your Persuasive Messages Strategies for Persuading Your Audience How to Adjust Ideas to People and
People to Ideas
Persuasion Defined Persuasion is the process of attempting to
change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, values, or behavior.
The persuasive speaker invites listener to make a choice, rather than just offering information about the options.
The persuasive speaker asks the audience to respond thoughtfully to the information presented.
The persuasive speaker intentionally tries to change or reinforce the listeners’ feelings, ideas, or behavior.
Motivating Your Audience
Motivating with dissonance• Cognitive dissonance occurs when you are presented
with information that is inconsistent with your current thinking or feelings.
Motivating with needs• Maslow’s Hierarchy
• Physiological
• Safety
• Social
• Self esteem
• Self-actualization
Motivating Your Audience
Motivating with Fear Appeals• Threat to family members
• Credibility of speaker
• Perceived “realness” of the threat
Motivating with Positive Appeals• Promising that good things will happen
if the speaker’s advice is followed.
Selecting and Narrowing Your Persuasive Topic
Who is the Audience? What is the Occasion? What are my interests and experiences? Brainstorming Scanning Web Directories and Web
Pages Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas
Identifying YourPersuasive Purpose
General Purpose• Persuade
Specific Purpose• Attitude (learned
predisposition to respond favorably or unfavorably)
• Belief (sense of what is true or false)
• Values (enduring conception of right and wrong)
Developing Your Central Idea as a Persuasive Proposition
A proposition is a statement with which the speaker wants their audience to agree.
Proposition of Fact• True/False
Proposition of Value• Judge worth or importance of something
Proposition of Policy• Advocates specific action, includes “should”
Strategies forPersuading Your Audience
Ethos: Establishing Your Credibility• An audience’s
perception of the speaker’s competence, trustworthiness, dynamism
• Charisma
• Initial, derived, terminalPronounced: (Zer Vesel)
Strategies forPersuading Your Audience
Logos: Using Evidence and Reasoning• Proof consists of both evidence and the conclusions
you draw (reasoning)• Inductive reasoning
• Arrives at a general conclusion from specific instances• Reasoning by analogy
• Deductive reasoning• Reasoning from a general statement to reach a specific
conclusion
• Causal reasoning• Relate two or more events in such a way as to conclude
that one or more of the events caused the others
Logical Fallacies
Causal Fallacy Bandwagon Fallacy Either-Or Fallacy Hasty Generalization Personal Attack Red Herring Appeal to Misplaced Authority Non Sequitur
Strategies forPersuading Your Audience
Pathos: Using Emotion• Emotion-arousing verbal messages
• Concrete illustrations and descriptions
• Nonverbal messages
Organizing YourPersuasive Messages
Problem and Solution Cause and Effect Refutation
• An organizational strategy by which you identify objections to your proposition and refute them with arguments and evidence
Organizing YourPersuasive Messages
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence• Attention
• Need
• Satisfaction
• Visualization (positive and negative)
• action
How to Adapt Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas
The Receptive Audience• Identify with your audience
• Be overt in stating your speaking objective
• Use emotional appeal The Neutral Audience
• “hook” them with introduction
• Refer to universal beliefs and concerns
• Show how the topic affects them
• Be realistic
How to Adjust Ideas to Peopleand People to Ideas
The Unreceptive Audience• Don’t immediately announce your persuasive
purpose
• Advance your strongest arguments first
• Acknowledge opposing points of view
• Be realistic
Prosecutorial AbuseExample Persuasive Speech
Intro• Attention Getter• Propositional Statement• Preview of all main
points• Transition
Body• Need/Problem
• Point One• Evidence
• Transition
• Point Two• Evidence
• Transition• Point Three
• Evidence
• Transition
Conclusion• Restate Proposition• Call to action• Review of main points• Restate Attention-getter