SUSTAINABILITY {

Eagle’s Eye

SAVANNAH HOOVER

“

“

A true culture of sustainability

reaches beyond the environmental

to embrace the social, economic and educational

priorities.

Learning to balance these forces will take

commitment.

THURSDAY November 29, 2012 SPECIAL ISSUE

LIBERAL ARTS PROFESSIONALPREPAREDNESS

ENTREPENEURSHIP

INDEXHistory of Sustainability......................2

Sustainability Classes at SNC.............................3“Green Tour” in Tahoe Center for Environmental Sciences.........4

Brennan Lagasse.....................5Students and Sustainable Transit...........6Sustainability Club (S3) and Garbage Tour.................7Economic Sustainability at home and work.....8

VISIT US ONLINE www.eagleseye.com

THURSDAY, November 29, 20122 Social SUSTAINABILITY

Sustainability through the years at Sierra Nevada Collegeby Jenn Sheridan

1969

{

Sierra Nevada College is found-ed with the goal of “responsible integration of the Collegeand it’s programs with the unique environmental qualities and characteristics of the Lake Tahoe Region” Majors in Environmen-tal Science and Astronomy are promoted along with the rest of the Liberal Arts Curriculum due to the surrounding beauty and desire to preserve the ares as well as the clean air.

1971{

Sierra Nevada College recycles and repurposes $100,000 worth of mat-ierials, books, lab epuip-ment and a full ceramics studio aquired from the recently shut down Tahoe College in Meyers, Calif.

1977

{

Sierra Nevada College intro-duces it’s Alternative Energy Sources (AES) Program with the goal “to provide students with professional skills and knowledge need-ed to complete this rapidly expanding industry.” Gradu-ates were expected to have experience in “new technol-ogy of power, recycling and waste disposal.”

1978{

The Alternative Energy Sources class plans and designs solar hot-water and wood burning stove heating systems for the campus buildings

1979

{

New classes include hydronic heating, water and wind power and pas-sive solar heating house design, which led to the conversion of the found-ers home to nearly self sufficient. The first student gov-ernment creates first ski team, student newspa-per and environmental awareness campaign

1981{

Students build a hydro-electric plant in the stream near campus. While it was successful it had to be shut down due to lack of permits. In the same year students constructed an electric car from an abandoned Honda Civic.

1983

{The Board of Trustees summarizes the purpose and direction of the col-lege under four areas of specialization: Alterna-tive Energy, Environmen-tal Science, Liberal Arts and Creative Arts”

1985{

Construction Begins David Hall I on Mountain Campus. It was one of the most efficient pas-sive solar buildings at the time and was built using recycled materials. The cost of heating the 5000 square foot building was $1000 a year.

Sustainability: Core theme, buzzword, lifestyleWhat does it mean to you?

Many who live in the Tahoe Basin grapple

with the conflict between preserving the wild and beautiful area where we live while enjoying the land for its abundance of recreation and tourism oppor-tunities. We strive to find ways to continue to ski the surrounding peaks, float on the lake and make a living while leaving a light impact on the surrounding land.

The founders of Sierra Nevada College recognized this dichotomy between virgin wilderness and tourist based commercialism when building the school. They worked to create “responsible integration of the Col-lege and its programs with the unique environmental qualities and characteristics of the Lake Tahoe Region.” They planned a curriculum that promoted alterna-tive energy and environmental studies while building much of the campus from recycled and repurposed materials.

Today this conflict continues to be prevalent on cam-pus and within the Tahoe Basin. Sustainability exists as one of the core themes of our college. From the Plati-num LEED certifiedTahoe Center for Environmental Sciences building to the new Sustainability Research Center in Prim Library, our campus sustainability club,

S3 and the inclusion of Sustainability as an official ma-jor, sustainable living is a large part of the education one receives here, but what does it actually mean to live sustainably?

Can sustainability be achieved through the products we buy or the activities we choose or does it take a complete lifestyle change? Is it something one person can do or does it take a whole community to bring about true sustainable change? As large companies work to become more sustainable, or at least promote their most sustainable aspects, the word comes close to being lost in the myriad of marketing jargon. It’s hard to know if ones efforts truly make a difference.

In the pages of this special section, we explore vari-ous branches of sustainability on campus and in our community. From practical tips on how to save energy and money in your home to how much waste is gener-ated by SNC, we offer a small insight to what it means to be sustainable. As you read, we invite you to think about what sustainable living means to you and ques-tion what you and those around you do to be sustain-able and if those efforts truly make an impact. Define “sustainable” within your own life and passions. Make the word mean something to you.

by Jenn Sheridan

BRAD FLORAASHLEY VANDERMEER hikes the East Shore of Lake Tahoe accessible just minues from the Sierra Nevada College campus.

www.eagleseye.com 3Special ISSUE

1991

{

New property aquired on Country Club Drive. New building concepts include solar hot water generation, high effi-ciency daytime lighting, and automated controls to reduce electrical con-sumption. Heated side-walks remov the need for snow removal machinery and ice melting salt com-pounds.

1996{

Dr. Vance Tullin Peterson is appointed as President of Sierra Nevada College as well as director of the Tahoe Center for a Sus-tainable Future

2003

{

Proposals for a new “Tahoe center” are published in the Tahoe Bonanza. The goal is to come within 30% of LEED certification requirements. Construc-tion could not begin until after the comple-tion of Prim Library.

2004{

University of California - Davis partners with SNC, the Desert Research Institute and the RAND Corp. to build the $24 million dol-lar Tahoe Center for Environmen-tal Sciences to serve as a place for institutions who promote sustainable management of the Tahoe Basin.

2006

{

Tahoe Center for En-vironmental Sciences (TCES) opens with a LEED platinum rating, exceed-ing it’s formor goals (For more on TCES, see page four).

2009{

Sustainability is accepted as a major under the new Interdisciplinary Studies department.

2010

{Students create the first campus sustainability club. Additionally Sierra Nevada College Presi-dent Richard Rubsamen speaks at the Lake Tahoe Sustainability Summit. The Summit’s goal is to “position Lake Tahoe as a leader in Geotourism, Green Technology and Health.”

2012{

Sierra Nevada College launches a Sustainability Resource Center in Prim Library featuring books, periodicals, government publications, DVD’s and specialized databases for researchers of all ages and knowledge levels.

{

1981Students of the Alterna-

tive Energy program build an electric car out of an abandoned Honda.

{1979

Alternative energy classes at SNC inspire the college’s found Ben Solomon to con-vert his home into a nearly self sufficient energy source.

Source: “The Architects of SNC” By William E. CaseyPhotos: “The Architects of SNC”

THURSDAY, November 29, 20124 Educational SUSTAINABILITY Tahoe Center for Environmental Sciences

GreenTour Photos by Jake Pollock

DID YOU KNOW...?

Photo-Voltaic Panel Inverters: These blue boxes

convert the direct current (DC) from the solar panels

on the roof into alternating current (AC) - the kind of

electricty in your home.

Plenum: Brings 100% fresh air into the building.

Air Filter: Air from the plenum is filtered to remove dust and pollen.

Heat Recovery Loop: Water warmed by roof exhaust pre-heats the air.

Humidifier: After the air is filtered, it is humidified for occupant health

1

2 5

Chilled Water Circulation System: Pumps chilled water from outdoor storage tanks to heat exchanger.

Heat Exchanger: Uses water from outside to cool water in a second separate system which piped through the building for cooling.

The Tahoe Center for

Environmental Sciences (TCES) represents a unique collabo-ration between Sierra Nevada Col-lege and UC Davis. It provides a world-class center for scientific research in the understanding of alpine lakes and watersheds and the preservation of their environmental quality.

The facility is the first building in the Tahoe Basin designed and built to achieve certification under the

U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system, striving to obtain the highest rating, “platinum.”

The green tour highlights many of the green (or envi-

ronmentally friendly) building features of the TCES. “Green Points of Interest” signs are posted along the tour route with information about these fea-tures.

www.eagleseye.com 5Special ISSUE

Tahoe Center for Environmental Sciences

GreenTourSustainablity conference may open doors for a Sustainability journal at SNCby Sam Marquardt

The ninth international conference on Cultural, Economic, and Social Sustainability hosted in Hiroshima, Japan may open doors for Sierra Nevada College students to create their own sustainability journal.SNC Adjunct Faculty Brennan Lagasse hopes to attend the January conference and present his sustainability research. His attendance is dependent on obtaining the funds to fly to Japan. He hopes his experience will help start a journal at SNC.“I hope to work with the journal committee, bring back their ideas to SNC and work with students to produce a sustainability journal on the campus,” said Lagasse.The goal of the journal is to showcase students’ hard work to understanding big concepts and break them down. Eventually, Lagasse hopes to have the journal grow campus wide and even reach out to other colleges and have them submit work.“A journal owned and run by students,” said Lagasse. “Sustainability is the largest growing discipline right now.”Sustainability is more than just recycling and carpooling, according to Lagasse.“Sustainability is not just the well being of the environment; it’s the well being of people,” said Lagasse.The sustainability tips come about by looking at the big picture, then by looking at the small issues and developing easy ways to be more sustainable. Lagasse says in order to become truly sustainable you have to develop critical think-ing skills.“Look at the big picture,” said Lagasse. “You have to ask ‘why aren’t we sustainable?”Lagasse teaches sustainability to be much more than tips to change they way you live. His presentation at the conference focuses on a case study involving a small ski resort in Arizona that wanted to expand using 100 percent reclaimed wastewater.“This had never been done before in the history of ski resorts,” said Lagasse. “This cre-ates a lot of environmental questions.”The effects of the reclaimed wastewater had yet to be seen on humans. However, frogs that live downstream of a reclaimed wastewater treatment plant in California had become completely hermaphroditic, with no male frog present among the cur-rent population.According to the Britannica Online Encyclopedia, hermaphroditic is the condition of having both male and female reproductive organs.Sustainability is multifaceted and many different disciplines have to be combined to understand the bigger picture of how to create a sustainable environment for people.Lagasse points out that when talking about sustainability issues, the ‘people factor’ is often forgotten. Sustainability is about creating an environment that can sustain people said Lagasse.

Hot Water: Pre-heated water is piped to two high-efficiency, gas powered water heaters: one for domestic and one for industrial

(Laboratory use).

Co-generation: Heat from the gas-fired

generator is captured and used to heat the building.

Why is this green?It generates electricity the same as any other generator and it captures heat that

would otherwise be wasted.

3

Rain/Snowmelt Storage Tank: This 3000 gallon tank holds rainwater and snowmelt before it is filitered and sterilized for the building’s toilets.

UV and Charcoal Water Filtration System: Steralizes water for the building’s toilets.

4

Chilled Water Circulation System: Pumps chilled water from outdoor storage tanks to heat exchanger.

Heat Exchanger: Uses water from outside to cool water in a second separate system which piped through the building for cooling.

The Tahoe Center for

Environmental Sciences (TCES) represents a unique collabo-ration between Sierra Nevada Col-lege and UC Davis. It provides a world-class center for scientific research in the understanding of alpine lakes and watersheds and the preservation of their environmental quality.

The facility is the first building in the Tahoe Basin designed and built to achieve certification under the

U.S. Green Building Council’s LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system, striving to obtain the highest rating, “platinum.”

The green tour highlights many of the green (or envi-

ronmentally friendly) building features of the TCES. “Green Points of Interest” signs are posted along the tour route with information about these fea-tures.

THURSDAY, November 29, 20126 Social SUSTAINABILITY

52%  

9%  

20%  

17%  

3%  

SNC STUDENT COMMUTING PATTERNS

Personal  Car  

Bike  

Walk  

Car  Pool  

Bus  

Other  

If everyone lived the way I did, we would need nearly three Earths to sustain my

lifestyle. Thankfully, some people are bet-ter than I am about buying locally, using environmentally friendly products, and conserving energy, among other things. Hopefully some of us can sustain them-selves on one Earth.

When I first arrived here, I wanted to think that Sierra Nevada College housed a community of more globally-conscious, young people. The sort of students that reject foods that are alive with hormone injections or who would insist on selling fair trade coffee in the bookstore. Most of us are actually pretty average on the sus-tainability scale, which is one of our core themes here on campus.

In the beginning my expecta-tions were high. I thought everyone here would be ex-pert climb-ers, nasty s n o w -

board-ers, and they would be educated about their envi-ronmental choices. I was half right.

Professor of Environmental Sciences and Outdoor Adventure Leadership Andy Rost, discussed a myriad of concepts in his Sustainability 101 class including, en-ergy, waste, green-building, business etc. As an assignment, Rost’s students sur-veyed Sierra Nevada College peers and faculty on campus assessing the meth-ods of transportation on a campus-only level.

SNC being a college of 536 students made it difficult to predict accurate re-sults. Rost’s class eliminated campus-housed students because they walk ap-proximately 500 feet to their classes. The majority of the student population, how-ever, lives off campus. There’s the Racquet Club, Mountain Shadows and Tyrolian be-

ing t h e

t h e most con-

centrated in student housing. Oth-

er students are either off in Kings Beach, in houses and studios around Incline, or reside in the outlying cities: Truckee, Tahoe City and South Lake.

It seemed safe to say that most of us don’t travel very far to school but what about how we get here and how often we do it.

After Rost’s class gathered factual infor-mation about student transportation, the data was collected and numbers were crunched, then presented in a power-point presentation by Rost.

Out of a survey of 114 students, we concluded that 20 percent of students walked to school, 17 percent carpooled and 52 percent drove their personal cars. The average distance, roundtrip for sur-veyed students, was 9.3 miles.

Out of 26

f a c u l t y members, however, 92

percent use their personal car traveling an average of 27.6 miles roundtrip. Only 8 percent walked or biked.

The class concluded that every indi-vidual emits .916 pounds per mile of

Carbon Dioxide, roughly 12 pounds annually, from driving in passenger cars. With 250 million cars regis-tered in the U.S. American’s produce 3 billion pounds of C02 per year.

Every day the average American consumed 18 million barrels of gas-oline measuring out to 44 gallons per barrel. Opponents of the industry believe

that at the rate of current consumption the global oil reserves will be

depleted by 2100. How-ever industry ty-coons disagree with these numbers. In re-g a r d s t o t h i s

debate, we do know that eventually global oil reserves

will run out.In Tahoe, we live in an idyl-

lic little community where we can hike to the peaks of the Sierras,

swim in the second deepest lake in the U.S, camp in desolation wilderness, and breathe clean fresh air. Right now at least. 3 million people visit Lake Tahoe annually and they bring their cars with them. On peak days, we can reach over 300,000--the resident population being 66,000 people. As a tourist destination, like many beautiful places: Yosemite, Grand Canyon, and Yellowstone, we are in grave danger of losing everything that makes Tahoe so special.

We are fortunate to have many wonder-ful sustainable sectors and non-for-prof-its in the area, though many run on a vol-unteer basis. We must learn to help each other thus learning to help ourselves. To know yourself is to your place and what that means for the environment.

Perhaps we can all learn to run really fast, teleport, grow wings, or build a jet-pack in order to reduce our carbon foot-print. Or, as a campus, we could be be-

come more conscious about how we consume and

how we give back.

Sustainability 101 class analyzes SNC’s commuting patterns

SNC StudeNt CommutiNg

PatterNS

92%  

4%  4%  

SNC  FACULTY/STAFF  COMMUTING  PATTERNS  

Personal  Car  

Bike  

Walk  

Car  Pool  

Bus  

Other  SNC FaCulty/StaFF

CommutiNg PatterNS

75.70%  

0.40%  

2.90%  

12.20%  

4.60%  4.20%  

NatioNal Commuter PatterNS

by Margaux Kelly

www.eagleseye.com 7Special ISSUE

Most students at Sierra Nevada College have heard of the Sustainability Club, but this

year the club has a new name: S3, which stands for Students Striving for Sustainability.

The club was started in the fall of 2010 by a small group of students from SNC’s Introduction to Sustain-ability class. The students noted that SNC’s campus was not as “green” as other college campuses.

“We just saw that our campus re-ally wasn’t, and still isn’t, doing very well in comparison to a lot of other colleges. We definitely struggle with that. We just wanted to get the word out there that students care,” said S3 Club President Sonya Hernandez.

The change in the club’s name happened over the summer. Hernan-dez was looking for a catchier name to distinguish it from other college clubs. The name “S3” is borrowed from a college club in Michigan.

“[The Michigan club] is really active and awesome. I thought about a name change for a really long time, but couldn’t think of anything that could even compare to the catchiness

of S3. So I emailed the president of the S3 Club at that college and asked them if I could basically copy their name. The president and her advisor said it would be fine, and wished me good luck with our endeavors,” said Hernandez.

One of the main goals of S3 is to help make SNC a more sustainable campus. Club members also focus on encouraging and supporting student-driven sustainability activities.

Although sustainability is one of the college’s core themes, it has not been easy for the club to attract and keep active members. Currently, S3 has only about five active members.

“It’s hard to keep people motivated. There needs to be a commitment,” said Hernandez. She is working with college sophomores and the current Introduction to Sustainability class to help recruit members.

The club’s advisor, faculty member Andy Rost, is committed to the club’s cause. “I thought it would be a great opportunity to work with students on something I thought was important--and important for me on a personal level.”

Rost said that having a club like S3 at SNC is not only important for the campus because of the ecosystem we live in, but also because our world needs leaders to help us transition into a different way of doing business.

This year, S3 is focusing on campus composting efforts and will hold an environmentally friendly ski wax fun-draiser. The club hosted the Sustain-

ability Film Festival at SNC from Nov. 2 - 3.

A Senior this year, Hernandez hopes that the club will continue after she graduates.

S3 meets once a month and recruits its members mostly by word of mouth. To become a part of the S3 club, contact Hernandez at her SNC e-mail address or through Facebook.

Sustainability Club changes name to S3 ClubBy Samantha Van Ruiten

Andy Roast attends the festivities before the Sustainability Film Festival, where people enjoyed complimentary drinks and food.

The Eagle Eye interviews Environmental Science and Outdoor Adventure Leadership Professor Andy Rost about how to be more sustainable on

campus.

What steps can Sierra Nevada College students do to be more sustainable in terms of recycling, paper, and cafeteria waste?

Recycling: Awareness is key. As a campus, we need to know the system - what do we produce and where does it go. Like most Americans, I imagine most on campus do not know our waste system.

Paper - keep working to reduce how much we use: with more online assignments and syllabi on Moodle.

Cafeteria waste - We are making good strides with no trays, reducing food waste and adding a bucket for food waste. It would be great to get a composting system, there’s lots of talk about this.

What are your thoughts on the bad example of Nevada, (especially Incline Village) on the college (with only 1 in 4 households recycling)?

It is shocking because it’s pretty easy to recycle. The college can take the lead in the community in this case.

What steps can the administration do, in terms of initiating policy changes, investments, and follow-through in order to truly be a sustainable school?

I think this needs to be a grassroots, student/faculty driven initiative: bottom up, not top down. I believe the administration will follow if and when we develop more sustainable policies, but we should not wait for the administration to develop these policies. We should develop practices that save the school money and establish practices that are more in line with our CORE themes.

Specifically what physical constructions can we carry out on campus to help the cause?

We need to look closely at dumpster pick-ups: can we reduce how often dumpsters get picked up which would save us money? In terms of composting, most

methods that I’ve researched for the challenges of com-posting in the Tahoe basin require money, so we need to develop a plan to make this affordable.

Making sure you don’t waste your wasteBy Caitlin Khoury

Not so fun facts 4,000 residents in high season

Free recycling in Incline Village3 out of 4 homes DON’T recycle Incline creates 1 ton of trash a month 1,000 tons go thru transfer center in 30 days5,600 tons go thru transfer center in 6 months

INFORMATION COURTESY OF INCLINE VILLAGE TRANSFER CENTER

SNC TRASHIncline produces 16 lbs. per person per

day: more than 3x national average.4yds go every day of the week from Caf. 7 96-gallon recycle bins go once a week

18 yds per week from rest of school.

INFORMATION COURTESY OF ANY ROST

CAITLIN KHOURYThe Incline VillageTransfer Center recieves about 1 ton of garbage a month from local residents. Pictured here is only 1/5 of Incline’s trash for one day.

Jake

Pollo

ck

THURSDAY, November 29, 20128 Economic SUSTAINABILITY {Guide to a Green, Less Expensive Homeby Liz Hill

Saving money on utilities in the winter time is one of a student’s top priorities. Renting a house is expensive in the Tahoe Basin and the homes that

students can afford were built in the 1970s. Chances are they’re equipped with electric baseboards, old win-dows and no weather stripping.

However, there are several things one can do to insulate their house, reduce waste and save money on utility payments.

First, making sure those old windows are sealed up can save you a ton of money in the snowy months. Take those extra blankets you have lying around your house and tape them around your windows. This traps the heat that’s already in your home, saving you money and a cold night’s sleep.

Another way to help keep yourself warm is to try and avoid turning on those pesky (and usually broken) electric heater boards. If you have a fireplace or pellet stove, try and use those over electric heat. This can save you up to $100 a month on electricity if you live in a bigger home.

Chopping wood and purchasing bags of pellets may seem like a waste of time, but think about what you could buy for a hundred bucks.

Doors are one of the most commonly overlooked parts of a home when it comes to escaping heat. Put-ting weather stripping around your doors can also save you and your roommates a ton of money. Packs of stick-on stripping sell for $5 to $15 at Walmart and pay them-selves off within the first two months of installation.

Conserving hot water is a big issue for college students as well. There are world record setting piles of dishes in many of the houses I’ve been to over the years. It’s a common problem to not want to do your roommates dishes.

However, by taking the simple action of opening that dishwasher so conveniently located next to that Mount Everest pile of dishes and placing them in there, you can save countless gallons of hot water a month. It saves you money, pruned hands and angry room-mates.

It may seem like you can’t cheat the system when it

comes to utility payments, but you actually can. There are certain hours posted on your bill every month and they aren’t just random numbers designed to confuse you as the consumer. They are actually hours in which the price of electricity and gas are lower than the rest of the day.

Using your appliances, charging your phone and tak-ing a shower are all cheaper in these time gaps. Follow-ing these hours has saved me over $200 in the last year.

There are countless ways that one can reduce their utility payments and, in turn, make their home better for the environment. These are a few convenient and practically free ways to do so.

by Marissa Stone

LIZ HILL USE GREEN methods to save on energy bills in the winter months.

Sierra Nevada College’s Clay Club had their first cup sale during the Junior Art Portfolio Review at 5 p.m. Thursday, Nov 8, on the third floor of Prim

Library. The club sold 19 cups, and raised $95,

which will be put toward the entrance fee at the National Council on Education for the Ceramic Arts Conference.

The event was just the beginning of fundraising for the eight SNC students that make-up the body of the Clay Club.

The cups are made using reclaimed clay, a mixture of commercial clay and studio-made clay. This sustainable combina-tion allows for the profitability of the products and the low cost of purchase for functional art.

Senior Heath Pierson, treasurer of the clay club, said, “I was a little worried that we weren’t going to sell anything since we’ve never done just a cup sale, but it turned out we sold quite a bit.”

“It goes to show that students are interested in being sustainable, having a student made cup, and contributing to the student body,” said Clay Club President Junior Flor Widmar.

The club has future ambitions for profits. On Dec. 6,

a trailer will be placed in the Prim Library lot for the Christmas sale of clay and porcelain items. And on Dec. 7 and 8, the trailer will be relocated in front of Bite Res-

taurant on Tahoe Blvd. for community

sales.

Widman said, “We’re expecting to make at least $700 during the winter sales.”

The clay club is also looking into other local endeav-ors to sell their pieces, which creates a bind between the community and the college.

“The current SNC ceramics students will be the future of the profession, so anything you buy now at $5 or $10

will be worth much more in the long run,” said Widman.

Clay Club makes sustainable profits, sells student made cups

Holiday gift guide

Pre-break energy saver

1. Sustainable gifts i.e. Clay Club ceramic items.

2. Local products; Big Truck, Local Knits, Tall

Trees, Tahoe Made.

3. SNC gear; sweatshirts, sweatpants, nalgenes,

cell phone cases, blankets etc.

4. Gift wrap your grades - but only if they’re

stellar. Parents dream gift!

5. Local gift cards for restaruants and bars.

6. Make your own gifts, utilize the ceramics lab.

7. Use those giant pinecones, decorate them.

8. Volunteer at local organizations.

9. Donate your used clothes, or regift them.

10. Wrap it in the SNC Eagle’s Eye Newspaper!

1. Power down your computer and monitor.

2. Shut off power strips.

3. Unplug equipment/appliances i.e. printers,

microwaves, coffee machines, chargers.

4. Shut and lock windows and doors.

5. Turn thermostat to 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

6. Ensure all faucets are off; report any leaks.

7. Shut curtains/lower blinds for insulation.

8. Turn off lights

Information for pre-break energy saver provided by: ILLINOIS STATE UNIVERSITY