SPECIAL SENSES Chapter 17

animals.nationalgeographic.com

randommealoftheday.blogspot.com

http://www.flickr.com/photos/klimari1/3739710668/

http://desktopwallpaper-s.com/12-3D-

Art/-/Sound/ carlsafina.org

5 Special Senses

Olfaction

Gustation

Vision

Equilibrium

Hearing

CHEMICAL SENSES Olfaction & Gustation

OLFACTION

Nasal concha

Olfactory epithelium

Olfactory receptor

cells

Olfactory Pathways

OLFACTORY

RECEPTORs

GUSTATION

Lingual papillae

filiform, fungiform,

circumvallate

Taste Receptors

Basal cells

Gustatory cells

Taste pore

GUSTATORY

RECEPTORS

GUSTATORY

DISCRIMINATION

Sweet

Salty

Sour

Bitter

Umami

Water

Calcium

Vision

Vision • Lacrimal gland produces tears:

• Water & lysozyme

• Tears combine with oil from tarsal gland

Vision • Three Tunics (Layers)

• Fibrous

• Vascular

• Sensory

VISION

Lens

fibrous capsule

suspensory

ligaments

crystallin protein

Accommodation

http://rstb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/366/1568/1250.abstract

VISUAL PHYSIOLOGY

Photoreceptors detect photons within visible light

spectrum

Rods are used in dim light

peripheral and night vision

Cones are use in bright light

Sharp and color vision

RODS & CONES

Discs

Rhodopsin=Opsin+Retinal

Dark adaptation

Light adaptation

COLOR BLINDNESS

Non-functional cones

Protanope

Deuteranope

Tritanope

http://colorvisiontesting.com/what%20colorblind

%20people%20see.htm

PHOTORECEPTION

PHOTORECEPTION

RETINAL PROCESSING Ganglion cells are

diverse

M cells

On-center neurons

Off-center neurons

P cells

Horizontal cells

Amacrine cells

VISUAL PATHWAYS

HEARING &

EQUILIBRIUM

EAR ANATOMY

INNER EAR

Three chambers

Scala tympani

Scala vestibuli

Scala media

(cochlear duct)

Spiral organ of corti

SOUND Measured in

wavelengths

Frequency or cycles

Hertz=cycles per

second

Pitch

Amplitude

Decibels=sound

energy

HEARING PROCESS

AUDITORY PATHWAYS

EQUILIBRIUM

Static equilibrium

Saccule & utricle

Dynamic equilibrium

Semicircular ducts

(canals)

SEMICIRCULAR DUCTS

UTRICLE & SACULE

EQUILIBRIUM

PATHWAYS