special stainless steels for fgc and ccs - · pdf file4529 1.4529 n08926 20.5 24.8 6.5 0.20 45...
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Special Stainless Steels for
FGC and CCS
ATI Milan, 13/4/2011
Dr Pascale Sotto Vangeli, Avesta Research Centre
Eng. Jim Augustsson, Special Plate
Typical chemical composition weight %
Outokumpu EN ASTM Cr Ni Mo N PRE* Rp0.2**
LDX 2101® 1.4162 S32101 21.5 1.5 0.3 0.22 26 450*** Lean Duplex
LDX 2404® 1.4662 S82441 24.0 3.6 1.6 0.27 33 480 Lean Duplex
2304 1.4362 S32304 23.0 4.8 0.3 0.10 26 400 Duplex
2205 1.4462 S32205 22.0 5.7 3.1 0.17 35 460 Duplex
SAF 2507® 1.4410 S32750 25.0 7.0 4.0 0.27 43 530 Super Duplex
4501 1.4501 S32760 25.4 6.9 3.8 0.27 42 530 Super Duplex
4307 1.4307 304L 18.1 8.1 - - 18 200 Austenitic
4404 1.4404 316L 17.2 10.1 2.1 - 24 220 Austenitic
4432 1.4432 316L 16.9 10.7 2.6 - 25 220 Austenitic
904L 1.4539 N08904 20.0 25.0 4.3 - 34 220 Austenitic
254 SMO® 1.4547 S31254 20.0 18.0 6.1 0.20 43 300 Super Austenitic
654 SMO® 1.4652 S32654 24.0 22.0 7.3 0.50 56 450 Super Austenitic
4529 1.4529 N08926 20.5 24.8 6.5 0.20 45 300 Super Austenitic
4565 1.4565 S34565 24.0 17.0 4.5 0.45 46 420 5.5 Mn
Super Austenitic
* PRE = %Cr + 3.3x%Mo + 16x%N** [MPa] Hot rolled plate, min values at 20oC according to EN 10088***Not yet in EN 10088, Rp0.2 according to ASTM A240
Chemical composition and properties
2 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
Corrosion indicators: PRE and CPTPRE Pitting Resistance EquivalentCPT Critical Pitting Temperature
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0Co
rro
sio
n R
esis
tan
ce,
CP
T t
yp
ical
43
07
LD
X
21
01
®
44
04
23
04
LD
X 2
40
4®
22
05
90
4L
25
07
25
4 S
MO
®
45
65
18 26 24 26 33 35 34 43 43 46 56PRE
Outokumpu 654 SMO® has the highest
PRE value (56). It is completely resistant
to corrosion in standard CPT tests.
65
4 S
MO
®
duplex
austenitic
3 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
Characteristics of Outokumpu 654 SMO®
• Outstanding resistance to pitting, crevice and uniform
corrosion
• Extremely high resistance to stress corrosion cracking
• High erosion resistance
• Excellent formability
• Good ductility and toughness
• Almost twice the strength of common austenitic
stainless steels
• Price advantage alternative to Ni-base alloys
• Price stablility compared to Ni-based alloys
Excellent choice when superior
corrosion resistance and high
mechanical properties are required
4 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
Corrosion indicators: CCT tests
Crevice corrosion: laboratory and field tests to compare Outokumpu 654
SMO®
at least as resistant as C-276 to crevice corrosion in oxidizing, high-
chloride solutions
5 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
Duplex and austenitic grades
500
4404
Corrosion resistance
Yield Strength
Rp0.2 [MPa]
2304
2205
2507
254SMO®
4301
250
750
904L
LDX 2101®
LDX 2404 TM
4439
4565 654SMO®
C-276
6 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
duplex
austenitic
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
LDX 2101 weigth saving
potential to 304L
2205 weigth saving
potential to 316L
Weigth saving potential
Structural efficiency –utilize strength of duplex grades
Cylinder with internal
pressure
Hollow section
loaded in bending
Plate loaded in
bending
Local buckling
7 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
012 10 8 6 4 2 0
[m]
LDX 210143.5 ton
[mm]
430161.5 tonBenefits:
• Weight reduction
• Improved cost efficiency • Material cost• Initial investment cost• Maintenance cost• Life Cycle Costing
• Increased service life
Duplex potential weight saving:~30%
Case: Duplex as substitute
for austenitic in storage tank
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Flue Gas Desulfurization System
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Economical concept in absorbers
4565
254 SMOSAF 25072205904L317LMN
Incre
asin
g C
orr
osio
n R
esis
tan
ce
adjust transitions
accordingto operatingconditions
654SMO™
10 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
Guideline for material selection in FGD applications
• Different colours represent different operating conditions in term of acidity and
Cl-/F- concentration.
• Based on long-term industrial experience, field and laboratory testing.
• Other factors such as design, processing of material, workmanship, etc. will also have an influence on the materials behaviour.
La Spezia, Italy 2001
• quencher recycle: shell plates,
floor plates, spray pipes and
other internals (sieves, sparger
pipes, ...)
1.4565 / UNS 34565
• flue gas entry:
2.4819 / alloy C-276
• absorber recycle: box ring girder
top side, shell plates, spray pipes
1.4565 / UNS 34565
• gas outlet: wall plates
1.4439 / 317L
• demister area: demister support
structure and wall plates
1.4565 / UNS 34565
• collection bowle area: collection
bowl, discharge pipe, bowl plates,
box ring girder bottom side
1.4565 / UNS 34565
• chloride
- max 30 000 ppm Cl-
in quencher recycle
- max 15 000 ppm Cl-
in absorber recycle
- 20 000 ppm
in demister area (during
demister cleaning with
sea water)
• acidity:
- quencher pH 3,5 – 5 / 4,5
- absorber pH 5 – 6,4 / 6
• temperature: 5 – 50 / 42,5°C
• chloride
- max 30 000 ppm Cl-
in quencher recycle
- max 15 000 ppm Cl-
in absorber recycle
- 20 000 ppm
in demister area (during
demister cleaning with
sea water)
• acidity:
- quencher pH 3,5 – 5 / 4,5
- absorber pH 5 – 6,4 / 6
• temperature: 5 – 50 / 42,5°C
12 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
FGC applications
Spray system in 1.4565Abb.: Fisia Babcock
Absorber module in 2205Abb.: Babcock & Wilcox
13 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
14 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
� Flue gas cleaning austenitic & duplex� Solvent separation systems
Amine standard or lean duplex� Cryogenic applications 304L, 201LN
� Tubes & pipeshigh pressure piping, PSA duplex
Compressors part?
Pipe lines
� High temperature material
Burners, casing, cyclones,
supports, tube protection 153 MA, 253 MA, 304H, 321H
� Standard gradesInternals, heat exchangers, piping standard
� Clad material
Solid or cladding solutions standard or duplex
CCS - stainless opportunities
� Flue gas cleaning austenitic & duplex� Solvent separation systems
Amine standard or lean duplex� Cryogenic applications 304L, 201LN
� Tubes & pipeshigh pressure piping duplex
Compressors part ?
High temperature material
Burners, casing, cyclones,
supports, tube protection 153 MA, 253 MA, 304H, 321H
� Standard grades
Internals, heat exchangers, piping� Clad material
cladding solutions standard or duplex
Cooperations
• Vattenfall, Sweden - Germany
• Siemens, USA
• Doosan Power Systems, UK
• Alstom Power, Germany
• Hitachi Power Europe, Germany
15 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
• Environments in wet cleaning systems are hard to predict
and can be very aggressive. Need of corrosion resistant grades.
• There are large variations in environments between
different plants and different locations within plants.
Material selection has to be done for each plant/application individually.
• The main risks for stainless steel are pitting and crevice
corrosion. The following ranking applies:
316L < 317L~904L~2205 < 2507~254SMO
< 4565 < 654SMO
Conclusions FGC
16 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
• By choosing the correct stainless steel grade, it is possible
to meet a wide range of demands on corrosion resistance.
• Need to test in the demanding environments to select the
most suitable grade.
• Utilize the strength of the duplex in big amine towers. Tools
on www.outokumpu.com.
17 | April 13, 2011 | Pascale Sotto Vangeli
Conclusions CCS