SpeciationThe process by which one species splits into two or more

species

Microevolution to Macroevolution

Biological Species Reproductive Isolation

A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring

The existence of biological factors (barriers) that impede members of two species from producing viable, fertile, offspring

Reproductive Barriers

Prezygotic Barriers Postzygotic Barriers

Habitat IsolationTemporal IsolationBehavioral IsolationMechanical IsolationGametic Isolation

Reduced Hybrid Viability

Reduced Hybrid Fertility

Hybrid Breakdown

Reproductive BarriersAP Edition Campbell Biology 9th edition

Reproductive BarriersAP Edition Campbell Biology 9th edition

Speciation

Allopatric Sympatric

http://www.csus.edu/indiv/l/loom/preview%2027.htm

http://study.com/academy/lesson/sympatric-speciation-example-definition-quiz.html

Speciation Rates Vary

https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-biology-textbook/evolution-and-the-origin-of-species-18/reconnection-and-rates-of-speciation-126/varying-rates-of-speciation-506-11732/

Species Extinction Rates

http://news.mongabay.com/2007/0312-interview_peter_raven.html

Five Major Extinctions (names & dates of these

extinctions are beyond the scope of this course and the AP exam)

Catastrophic Methane Release, Flood basalt

eruptions, Climate change, & Impact

Events.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/extinction_causes

Possible Causes

http://www.deathreference.com/En-Gh/Extinction.html

The Five greatest mass extinctions

  Ordivician-silurian

Late Devonian

Permian-triassic

Late Triassic

Final Cretaceous

When Occurred

439 million years ago

365 million years ago

251 million years ago

199–214 million years ago

65 million years ago

Casualties Up to estimated 85% species and 45–60% of marine genuses killed.

70–80% of all species and 30% of families vanish; marine life more decimated than freshwater and land fauna.

Most devastating of all, eliminating 85–90% of all marine and land vertebrate species, 95% of marine species. End of trilobites and many trees.

More than three quarters of all species and one quarter of families disappear. End of mammal-like reptiles and eel–like conodonts, leaving mainly dinosaurs.

47% of marine genuses and 18% of land vertebrates wiped out, including the dinosaurs, leaving mainly turtles, lizards, birds, and mammals.

Adaptive Radiation - new niches open after mass extinctions to allow for evolution of organisms that are adapted to specialized modes of life.

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/5310/adaptive-radiation