species diversity number of breeding birds. values of species instrumental value – a thing is...
TRANSCRIPT
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Species Diversity
Number of breeding birds
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Values of species
• Instrumental value – a thing is valuable because it is useful to humans
• Intrinsic value – a thing is valuable in and of itself – valuable because it exists
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Economic Values
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Germplasm storage at Millennium Seed Bank Project,Royal Botanic Garden, Wakehurst Place – outside of London, England
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The Aurochs – cave paintings
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Teosinte and Corn
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New Foods
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Paca or Mountain Agouti
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Harvest of Wild Foods
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Fishing Boats Thailand
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Digging and Baking Camas Bulbs- Pacific Northwest
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Medicines
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Cover of Gerard’s Herbal
1597
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Botanic Garden in Padua – 1540’s
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Rosy Periwinkle
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Medicine from Live Organisms
• Today in US about 41% of medicines have ingredients directly produced by biological organisms - 25% from plants, 13% from microogranisms (penicillin, tetracycline, virtually all other antibiotics, vaccines, hormones, and antibodies) and 3% from animals
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Epipedobates tricolor – painkiller developed from toxin
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Clothing, Shelter, Tools, Trinkets, etc.
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Sisal Fibers
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Thatch Reeds
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Thatch Roofing
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Fuel
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Gathering firewood - Bolivia
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Growing willow for biomass fuel
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Jojoba plant, seeds and oil
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Sperm whale capture and oil
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Recreation
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Biophilia
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Bird feeding and housing
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Birding
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The Big Year
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Fishing – Winslow Homer
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Hunting – Winslow Homer
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Services
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Pollination
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Pollinator Loss
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Native Pollinators – North America
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Soil Aeration and Decomposition of organic matter
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Spiritual/Symbolic Values
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Seagull Monument – Salt Lake City
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Species as National Symbols
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River Otter
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Belted Kingfisher
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Scientific and Educational Values
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JaneGoodall
AndFriend
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Ecological Values
• dominant species - usually the species which constitute a large portion of the biomass in an ecosystem - pines in a pine forest
• controller species - species which play major role in movement of energy and nutrients - primary producers and fungal decomposers
• keystone species - species which have a larger impact on their environment than we predict based on their abundance
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Keystone species
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Strategic Values
• Flagship species - the charismatic species that have attracted public attention and won support for conservation - humpback whales, mountain gorillas, tigers, the gray wolf
• Umbrella species - species with large home ranges so that by protecting enough habitat to save that species we save many other species as well - northern spotted owl, tigers, Pacific salmon
• Indicator species - species with narrow ranges of environmental health and tolerance so that the size of their populations is a good indicator of ecosystem health - often these are smaller species - lichens are sensitive to air pollution
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Northern Spotted Owl
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Mussel Watch Program
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Lichens on headstones
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Uniqueness Values
• Uniqueness values: some species are fairly unique from evolutionary standpoint - only members of their lineage - tuatara; duck-billed platypus; gingko; dawn redwood (a living fossil)
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Tuatara
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Duck-billed playtpus
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Gingko
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Metasequoia –Dawn Redwood
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Function of Species in Ecosystems – the airplane analogy
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Function of Species in Ecosystems – the airplane analogy – are species the rivets or the passengers?
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What happens when we lose too many pieces?