Species of animals in the Species of animals in the Sea.Sea.

Made by Kimberly Zammit and Made by Kimberly Zammit and Jelena Attard.Jelena Attard.

WhalesWhales Whales are large, magnificent, Whales are large, magnificent,

intelligent, aquatic intelligent, aquatic mammalsmammals. . They breathe air through They breathe air through (blowholes) into lungs (unlike (blowholes) into lungs (unlike fish who breathe using gills). fish who breathe using gills). Whales have sleek, Whales have sleek, streamlined bodies that move streamlined bodies that move easily through the water. They easily through the water. They are the only mammals, other are the only mammals, other than than manateesmanatees (seacows), that (seacows), that live their entire lives in the live their entire lives in the water, and the only mammals water, and the only mammals that have adapted to life in the that have adapted to life in the open oceans. open oceans.

Whales breathe air. They are NOT fish. They are mammals that spend their entire lives in the water.

WhalesWhales Whales have hair Whales have hair

(although they have a lot (although they have a lot less than land mammals, less than land mammals, and have almost none as and have almost none as adults), adults),

Whales are warm-Whales are warm-blooded (they maintain a blooded (they maintain a high body temperature), high body temperature),

Whales have mammary Whales have mammary glands with which they glands with which they nourish their young, nourish their young,

Whales have a four-Whales have a four-chambered heart. chambered heart.

PenguinsPenguins Penguins are birds. Most of Penguins are birds. Most of

them live in the sub-Antarctics them live in the sub-Antarctics and on Antarctica. However, the and on Antarctica. However, the Galapagos penguin lives Galapagos penguin lives around the equator. around the equator. There are There are no no penguins on the penguins on the North pole, nor are there ice North pole, nor are there ice bears on the South pole.bears on the South pole.

Unlike most other birds, Unlike most other birds, penguins can't fly. They penguins can't fly. They waddle waddle on land and on land and swim swim in in the sea. When swimming fast, the sea. When swimming fast, they jump out of the water they jump out of the water every few meters, just like every few meters, just like dolphins do. This is called dolphins do. This is called porpoisingporpoising..

Skin and colour of penguins.Skin and colour of penguins. The top layer of a penguin's skin The top layer of a penguin's skin

is made of thousands of small, is made of thousands of small, stiff feathers. The air between the stiff feathers. The air between the feathers is good insulation. To feathers is good insulation. To make their 'coat' even more make their 'coat' even more water- and windproof penguins water- and windproof penguins spread some oil on it. Below the spread some oil on it. Below the feathers is a thick layer of feathers is a thick layer of blubber to keep the penguins blubber to keep the penguins warm.warm.

Once a year, penguins shed their Once a year, penguins shed their feathers and grow new ones. This feathers and grow new ones. This is called is called meltingmelting. The old feathers . The old feathers come off in patches and at the come off in patches and at the same time new feathers grow. All same time new feathers grow. All penguin backs are black and all penguin backs are black and all bellies are white. This has to do bellies are white. This has to do with swimming camouflage: the with swimming camouflage: the black back looks like the bottom black back looks like the bottom of the ocean and the white belly of the ocean and the white belly looks like the water surface. looks like the water surface.

Clown FishClown Fish Clown Fish are commonly Clown Fish are commonly

found in the warm waters. The found in the warm waters. The Pacific Ocean, the Red Sea Pacific Ocean, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean are and the Indian Ocean are some places where Clown some places where Clown Fish abound. The most Fish abound. The most common home for the Clown common home for the Clown Fish is among the Fish is among the tentaclestentacles of of the Sea Anemone. It’s a the Sea Anemone. It’s a curious quirk of nature that the curious quirk of nature that the tiny Clown fish is able to live tiny Clown fish is able to live without getting stung by the without getting stung by the tentacles of the Anemone. The tentacles of the Anemone. The fish actually uses the fish actually uses the Anemone to save it from Anemone to save it from predators. predators.

TurtlesTurtles Adult turtles may go to different Adult turtles may go to different

feeding grounds altogether, and feeding grounds altogether, and when sexually mature will travel when sexually mature will travel to breeding areas to mate. to breeding areas to mate. Gravid females come ashore on Gravid females come ashore on tropical nesting beaches to lay tropical nesting beaches to lay their eggs – a hundred or more their eggs – a hundred or more at a time, in nest pits that they at a time, in nest pits that they painstakingly excavate with painstakingly excavate with their hind flippers. The process their hind flippers. The process of finding access to the beach, of finding access to the beach, hauling a huge body built for hauling a huge body built for aquatic life onto gravity aquatic life onto gravity encumbered land, then crawling encumbered land, then crawling with flippers made for water with flippers made for water across wide swaths of sand, across wide swaths of sand, rock, and berms, is rock, and berms, is extraordinarily difficult. extraordinarily difficult.

Sea LionsSea Lions Sea Lion, intelligent, slender-Sea Lion, intelligent, slender-

bodied seal, well known for its bodied seal, well known for its balancing acts as a circus balancing acts as a circus performer and its presence in performer and its presence in almost every zoo. In the wild, almost every zoo. In the wild, these shore-living seals are these shore-living seals are found along many areas of found along many areas of North America’s western coast, North America’s western coast, from British Columbia from British Columbia southward through the United southward through the United States to the Tres Marias States to the Tres Marias Islands off of Baja California, Islands off of Baja California, Mexico. Adult males, called Mexico. Adult males, called bulls, average 360 kg (800 lb) in bulls, average 360 kg (800 lb) in weight and 2.1 m (7 ft) in length. weight and 2.1 m (7 ft) in length. Females, or cows, are smaller, Females, or cows, are smaller, with an average weight of 110 with an average weight of 110 kg (250 lb) and an average kg (250 lb) and an average length of 1.8 m (6 ft). Both length of 1.8 m (6 ft). Both sexes have chocolate-brown sexes have chocolate-brown coats and doglike muzzlescoats and doglike muzzles

Sharks Sharks

What are sharks?! What are sharks?! Sharks are amazing fish that Sharks are amazing fish that

have been around since long have been around since long before the dinosaurs existed. before the dinosaurs existed. They live in waters all over the They live in waters all over the world, in every ocean, and world, in every ocean, and even in some rivers and lakes. even in some rivers and lakes.

Unlike bony fish, sharks have Unlike bony fish, sharks have no bones; their skeleton is no bones; their skeleton is made of cartilage, which is a made of cartilage, which is a tough, fibrous substance, not tough, fibrous substance, not nearly as hard as bone. nearly as hard as bone. Sharks also have no swim Sharks also have no swim bladder (unlike bony fish). bladder (unlike bony fish).

SharksSharks

Some sharks live near the surface, Some sharks live near the surface, some live deep in the water, and some live deep in the water, and others live on or near the ocean others live on or near the ocean floor. Pelagic sharks include the floor. Pelagic sharks include the great white sharkgreat white shark, the , the basking sharkbasking shark, , etc. Benthic sharks include the etc. Benthic sharks include the zebra horn shark, the wobbegongs, zebra horn shark, the wobbegongs, and the and the angelsharkangelshark, which usually , which usually have flattened, camouflaged bodies have flattened, camouflaged bodies that let them hide in the sea bed. that let them hide in the sea bed. Some sharks even venture many Some sharks even venture many miles up into the fresh water of miles up into the fresh water of rivers like the Mississippi in the rivers like the Mississippi in the USA and the Amazon in Brazil. The USA and the Amazon in Brazil. The bull shark (bull shark (CarcharhinusCarcharhinus leucasleucas)) sometimes ventures into fresh sometimes ventures into fresh water. water.

Dolphins Dolphins All dolphins are toothed All dolphins are toothed

whales belonging to the sub-whales belonging to the sub-order, order, odontocetesodontocetes, of the , of the order order cetaceacetacea (see section on (see section on humpback whales for more humpback whales for more information). As a group, information). As a group, dolphins are often referred to dolphins are often referred to as "small" cetaceans, even as "small" cetaceans, even though some of them are quite though some of them are quite large, attaining lengths of over large, attaining lengths of over 20 feet. In addition, although 20 feet. In addition, although the terms dolphins and the terms dolphins and porpoises are often used porpoises are often used interchangeably, they really interchangeably, they really refer to two different types of refer to two different types of animals.animals.

DolphinsDolphins Most dolphin species are Most dolphin species are

about 6 ft in length, the about 6 ft in length, the males averaging 4 to 8 in males averaging 4 to 8 in longer than females.  One of longer than females.  One of the largest dolphins is the the largest dolphins is the bottle-nose dolphin bottle-nose dolphin which can which can reach over 9ft in length and reach over 9ft in length and weigh 440 lbs.  The smallest weigh 440 lbs.  The smallest species is the buffeo, found species is the buffeo, found in the Amazon River.  The in the Amazon River.  The buffeo rarely grows over 3.9 buffeo rarely grows over 3.9 ft in length and 66 lbs in ft in length and 66 lbs in weight, really smalled weight, really smalled compared to the compared to the bottle_nose. bottle_nose. The primary food The primary food is fish, mostly things like is fish, mostly things like herring, mackerel, and herring, mackerel, and sardines. sardines. 

DolphinsDolphins

The body is sleek and The body is sleek and smooth and the hairless smooth and the hairless skin is rubbery to the skin is rubbery to the touch.  Most species touch.  Most species have jaws that protrude have jaws that protrude into a beak like snout.  into a beak like snout.  Above the upper jaw is a Above the upper jaw is a large mass of fat and oil-large mass of fat and oil-containing tissue forming containing tissue forming the so-called "melon" that the so-called "melon" that looks much like a bulging looks much like a bulging forehead. forehead.

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Made by Kimberly Zammit and Jelena Made by Kimberly Zammit and Jelena Attard, From St. Monica B`kara.Attard, From St. Monica B`kara.