spectrum policies being implemented globally in an era of
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SPECTRUM POLICIES BEING SPECTRUM POLICIES BEING IMPLEMENTED GLOBALLY IN AN IMPLEMENTED GLOBALLY IN AN ERA OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ERA OF DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCIAL GOVERNMENT AND COMMERCIAL
SPECTRUM MANAGERSSPECTRUM MANAGERS
BILL LUTHERBILL LUTHER
ASRC MANAGEMENT SERVICESASRC MANAGEMENT SERVICESOFFICE OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENTOFFICE OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
RESTON, VIRGINIARESTON, VIRGINIACONSULTANT TO U.S. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATIONCONSULTANT TO U.S. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
20072007
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SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT ADVANCESADVANCES
WHAT? WHY? WHO?WHAT? WHY? WHO?2003 WRC RESOLUTION 951 2003 WRC RESOLUTION 951 ““OPTIONS TO IMPROVE THE INTERNATIONAL OPTIONS TO IMPROVE THE INTERNATIONAL SPECTRUM REGULATORY FRAMEWORKSPECTRUM REGULATORY FRAMEWORK””2005 GLOBAL REGULATORS SYMPOSIUM 2005 GLOBAL REGULATORS SYMPOSIUM ““BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR BEST PRACTICE GUIDELINES FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE BROADBAND ACCESSSPECTRUM MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE BROADBAND ACCESS””EC PRESSURE FOR EU MEMBER STATES TO PLAN ACCESSIBILITY FOR ANALOEC PRESSURE FOR EU MEMBER STATES TO PLAN ACCESSIBILITY FOR ANALOG TV G TV SPECTRUMSPECTRUMCEPT HAS SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT HIGH ON ITS AGENDA CEPT HAS SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT HIGH ON ITS AGENDA ERO CONTINUES STUDIES OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENTERO CONTINUES STUDIES OF SPECTRUM MANAGEMENTGERMANY STUDIES SPECTRUM ACCESSGERMANY STUDIES SPECTRUM ACCESSTHE UNITED KINGDOM ADDRESSES SPECTRUM OPTIONSTHE UNITED KINGDOM ADDRESSES SPECTRUM OPTIONSDENMARK MOVES TOWARD SPECTRUM COMMONSDENMARK MOVES TOWARD SPECTRUM COMMONSSOUTH AFRICA REASSESSES SPECTRUM MARKET DEMANDSOUTH AFRICA REASSESSES SPECTRUM MARKET DEMANDCHINA INTENSELY PLANS SPECTRUM USECHINA INTENSELY PLANS SPECTRUM USETHE U.S. IS UNDER A PRESIDENTIALLYTHE U.S. IS UNDER A PRESIDENTIALLY--MANDATED EFFORT TO MANDATED EFFORT TO ADVANCEADVANCEOTHER COUNTRIES MOVE TOWARD SPECTRUM OTHER COUNTRIES MOVE TOWARD SPECTRUM IMPROVEMENTSIMPROVEMENTSRETHINKING OF SPECTRUM IS OCCURRING EVERYWHERE AS SPECTRUM IS RETHINKING OF SPECTRUM IS OCCURRING EVERYWHERE AS SPECTRUM IS BECOMING HARDER TO OBTAINBECOMING HARDER TO OBTAIN………………
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UNDERSTANDING SPECTRUM UNDERSTANDING SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ADVANCESADVANCES
WHY ARE SPECTRUM REGULATIONS BEING WHY ARE SPECTRUM REGULATIONS BEING EXAMINED? EXAMINED? WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS AND WHAT ARE THE WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS AND WHAT ARE THE PROBLEMS FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT?PROBLEMS FOR SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT?WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY?WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY?HOW CAN SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY BE HOW CAN SPECTRUM EFFICIENCY BE INCREASED?INCREASED?WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS FOR WHAT IS THE PROGNOSIS FOR ADVANCEMENTADVANCEMENT??CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
44
MOTIVATIONS FOR MOTIVATIONS FOR ADVANCINGADVANCING
SPECTRUM SPECTRUM …… A VITAL BUT LIMITED A VITAL BUT LIMITED RESOURCE WITH DEMANDSRESOURCE WITH DEMANDSBETTER RESPONSES ARE NEEDED TO BETTER RESPONSES ARE NEEDED TO NATURAL DISASTERS AND TERRORIST NATURAL DISASTERS AND TERRORIST ATTACKSATTACKSREQUIREMENTS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH REQUIREMENTS FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH (GDP)(GDP)EXPLOSION OF SPECTRUMEXPLOSION OF SPECTRUM--BASED BASED TECHNOLOGIES (VOICE, DATA, AND VIDEO)TECHNOLOGIES (VOICE, DATA, AND VIDEO)EXISTING LEGAL & POLICY FRAMEWORKS EXISTING LEGAL & POLICY FRAMEWORKS ARE IN NEED OF EXAMINATIONARE IN NEED OF EXAMINATION
55
ROOT ISSUE FOR ROOT ISSUE FOR ADVANCESADVANCES
THE TRADITIONAL SPECTRUM ALLOCATIONTHE TRADITIONAL SPECTRUM ALLOCATIONFRAMEWORK COMPARTMENTALIZES SPECTRUMFRAMEWORK COMPARTMENTALIZES SPECTRUM
BY SERVICES, MANIFESTED BY THE WELL KNOWNBY SERVICES, MANIFESTED BY THE WELL KNOWNAND INCREDIBLY COMPLEX ALLOCATION TABLEAND INCREDIBLY COMPLEX ALLOCATION TABLETHAT REPRESENTS TECHNOLOGY IN A STATICTHAT REPRESENTS TECHNOLOGY IN A STATIC
MODEL. INDUSTRY THAT EXPLOITSMODEL. INDUSTRY THAT EXPLOITSTECHNOLOGY AND SEEKS TO USE SPECTRUM INTECHNOLOGY AND SEEKS TO USE SPECTRUM INDIFFERENT WAYS, SEEKING FLEXIBILITY, FINDSDIFFERENT WAYS, SEEKING FLEXIBILITY, FINDS
THAT OPPORTUNITIES ARE, THEREFORE,THAT OPPORTUNITIES ARE, THEREFORE,DIMINISHED. DIMINISHED.
66
IS REORGANIZATION NEEDED?IS REORGANIZATION NEEDED?INTERNET ACCESS (WIINTERNET ACCESS (WI--FI AND WIFI AND WI--MAX)MAX)THIRD AND FOURTH GENERATION SERVICESTHIRD AND FOURTH GENERATION SERVICESDIGITAL RADIO AND TELEVISIONDIGITAL RADIO AND TELEVISIONULTRAULTRA--WIDEBAND (UWB)WIDEBAND (UWB)BROADBAND OVER POWER LINES (BPL OR PLT)BROADBAND OVER POWER LINES (BPL OR PLT)MSS ANCILLARY TERRESTRIAL VS IMTMSS ANCILLARY TERRESTRIAL VS IMT--ADVANCED ADVANCED RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DEVICES (RFID)RADIOFREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DEVICES (RFID)SECURITY REQUIREMENTSSECURITY REQUIREMENTSGROWING ECONOMIESGROWING ECONOMIES•• TAKING ADVANTAGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATIONTAKING ADVANTAGE OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND INNOVATION•• PROTECTING EXISTING SERVICESPROTECTING EXISTING SERVICES•• SOME SERVICES ARE LIMITED IN ABILITY TO ADOPT SOME SERVICES ARE LIMITED IN ABILITY TO ADOPT
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
77
THREE DRIVERS FOR THREE DRIVERS FOR SPECTRUMSPECTRUM
MOBILE USESMOBILE USESINTERNET ACCESSINTERNET ACCESS
SAFETY AND SECURITYSAFETY AND SECURITY
WITH COMPLICATIONS FOR GOVERNMENTWITH COMPLICATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT-- MANAGED SPECTRUM,MANAGED SPECTRUM,LEADING TO POSSIBLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOVERNMENTLEADING TO POSSIBLE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GOVERNMENT
AND COMMERCIAL SPECTRUM MANAGERSAND COMMERCIAL SPECTRUM MANAGERS
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MOBILE TELEPHONE SUBSCRIBERS MOBILE TELEPHONE SUBSCRIBERS GLOBALLY PER 100 INHABITANTSGLOBALLY PER 100 INHABITANTS
05
10152025303540
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
YEAR
PER
CEN
TAG
E
SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
99
INTERNET USERS GLOBALLY INTERNET USERS GLOBALLY PER 100 INHABITANTSPER 100 INHABITANTS
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
YEAR
PER
CEN
TAG
E
SOURCE: INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
1010
VALUE OF SPECTRUM VALUE OF SPECTRUM THE U.S. RECENTLY FINISHED AUCTION NO. 66THE U.S. RECENTLY FINISHED AUCTION NO. 66
(ADVANCED WIRELESS SERVICES (ADVANCED WIRELESS SERVICES -- -- IMTIMT--2000 OR2000 ORIMTIMT--ADVANCED):ADVANCED):
168 QUALIFIED BIDDERS 168 QUALIFIED BIDDERS 90 MHz OF SPECTRUM AT 1.7 AND 2.1 MHz90 MHz OF SPECTRUM AT 1.7 AND 2.1 MHz
NET BIDS TOTALED $13.7 BILLIONNET BIDS TOTALED $13.7 BILLION1,087 151,087 15--YEAR LICENSESYEAR LICENSES
35 LICENSES FOUND NO BIDS, INDICATING THAT35 LICENSES FOUND NO BIDS, INDICATING THATSOME SPECTRUMSOME SPECTRUM--SPACE HAS NO CURRENT VALUE.SPACE HAS NO CURRENT VALUE.
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HISTORICAL FCC AUCTION 66HISTORICAL FCC AUCTION 66(161 ROUNDS (161 ROUNDS -- -- FINAL)FINAL)
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A FEW IMPORTANT WORDS ABOUT A FEW IMPORTANT WORDS ABOUT SAFETY, SECURITY, AND ACCESS TO SAFETY, SECURITY, AND ACCESS TO
SPECTRUM IN DISASTER RELIEF*SPECTRUM IN DISASTER RELIEF*““FROM THE MOBILIZATION OFFROM THE MOBILIZATION OF
ASSISTANCE TO THE LOGISTICS CHAIN,ASSISTANCE TO THE LOGISTICS CHAIN,WHICH WILL CARRY ASSISTANCE TOWHICH WILL CARRY ASSISTANCE TO
THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES,THE INTENDED BENEFICIARIES,RELIABLE TELECOMMUNICATION LINKSRELIABLE TELECOMMUNICATION LINKS
ARE INDISPENSABLEARE INDISPENSABLE””(EMPHASIS ADDED)(EMPHASIS ADDED)
KOFI ANNANKOFI ANNANUNITED NATIONS SECRETARY GENERALUNITED NATIONS SECRETARY GENERAL
*REQUIRES GOOD *REQUIRES GOOD ÁÁ PRIORI SPECTRUM MANAGEMENTPRIORI SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
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AT THE ITUAT THE ITU
RESOLUTION 951 (WRCRESOLUTION 951 (WRC--2003), 2003), ““OPTIONS TO IMPROVE THE OPTIONS TO IMPROVE THE INTERNATIONAL SPECTRUM REGULATORY FRAMEWORKINTERNATIONAL SPECTRUM REGULATORY FRAMEWORK””, , RESOLVED THAT STUDIES BE CARRIED OUT TO EXAMINE RESOLVED THAT STUDIES BE CARRIED OUT TO EXAMINE
THE EFFECTIVENESS, APPROPRIATENESS AND IMPACT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS, APPROPRIATENESS AND IMPACT OF THE RADIO REGULATIONS, WITH RESPECT TO THE THE RADIO REGULATIONS, WITH RESPECT TO THE EVOLUTION OF EXISTING, EMERGING AND FUTURE EVOLUTION OF EXISTING, EMERGING AND FUTURE
APPLICATIONS, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, AND TO APPLICATIONS, SYSTEMS AND TECHNOLOGIES, AND TO IDENTIFY OPTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RR IDENTIFY OPTIONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS IN THE RR ……
MORE TO COME AT THE 2007 WORLD MORE TO COME AT THE 2007 WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCERADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE
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ONE EXAMPLE OF ONE EXAMPLE OF ADVANCEMENTADVANCEMENTIN 2005, THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC) IN 2005, THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION (EC)
LAUNCHED A POLICY AND REGULATORY LAUNCHED A POLICY AND REGULATORY STRATEGY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF STRATEGY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE OF
SPECTRUM TO FOSTER EMPLOYMENT, SPECTRUM TO FOSTER EMPLOYMENT, ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND BETTER USE ECONOMIC GROWTH, AND BETTER USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
TECHNOLOGY (ICT).TECHNOLOGY (ICT).
““TECHNICAL, REGULATORY AND TECHNICAL, REGULATORY AND ECONOMIC ISSUES RELATING TO ECONOMIC ISSUES RELATING TO
COLLECTIVE USE OF RADIO SPECTRUMCOLLECTIVE USE OF RADIO SPECTRUM””
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EC STRATEGY ELEMENTSEC STRATEGY ELEMENTS
1.1. CREATE A MODERN, MARKETCREATE A MODERN, MARKET--ORIENTED ORIENTED REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR THE INFORMATION SOCIETY AND MEDIA INFORMATION SOCIETY AND MEDIA MARKETS;MARKETS;
2.2. PROMOTE MORE RESEARCH AND PROMOTE MORE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TO DRIVE DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT TO DRIVE DIGITAL CONVERGENCE; ANDCONVERGENCE; AND
3.3. FOSTER AN INCLUSIVE ELECTRONIC FOSTER AN INCLUSIVE ELECTRONIC SOCIETY. SOCIETY.
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ACHIEVING EC EXPECTATIONS ACHIEVING EC EXPECTATIONS ……1.1. BROADBAND SPECTRUM ACCESS TO THE BROADBAND SPECTRUM ACCESS TO THE
INTERNET IS REQUIRED;INTERNET IS REQUIRED;2.2. RESEARCH IS NEEDED FOR DIGITAL RESEARCH IS NEEDED FOR DIGITAL
LIBRARIES, ELDERLY CARE, AND AUTOMOTIVE LIBRARIES, ELDERLY CARE, AND AUTOMOTIVE SAFETY; ANDSAFETY; AND
3.3. PARTICULARLY ACCOMMODATE RFID PARTICULARLY ACCOMMODATE RFID APPLICATIONS, PRESERVING PERSONAL APPLICATIONS, PRESERVING PERSONAL PRIVACY. (PRIVACY IS ALSO A SERIOUS RFID PRIVACY. (PRIVACY IS ALSO A SERIOUS RFID ISSUE IN THE U.S. ANOTHER MAJOR RFID ISSUE IN THE U.S. ANOTHER MAJOR RFID ISSUE IS THE RISE IN THE NOISE FLOOR THAT ISSUE IS THE RISE IN THE NOISE FLOOR THAT ADVERSELY AFFECTS EXISTING SERVICES.)ADVERSELY AFFECTS EXISTING SERVICES.)
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A SECOND EXAMPLEA SECOND EXAMPLE
THE UNITED STATES IS IN THETHE UNITED STATES IS IN THEMIDDLE OF A PRESIDENTIALLYMIDDLE OF A PRESIDENTIALLY--DIRECTED, MULTIDIRECTED, MULTI--YEAR EFFORTYEAR EFFORT
TO TO ADVANCEADVANCE SPECTRUMSPECTRUMMANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
1818
PRESIDENT BUSHPRESIDENT BUSH’’S INITIATIVES INITIATIVEBY PRESIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM,BY PRESIDENTIAL MEMORANDUM,
THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WASTHE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WASDIRECTED, WITH PARTICIPATION OF OTHERDIRECTED, WITH PARTICIPATION OF OTHERRELEVANT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, TO RELEVANT GOVERNMENT AGENCIES, TO ……
1.1. ESTABLISH A SPECTRUM TASK FORCE TO DEVELOP ESTABLISH A SPECTRUM TASK FORCE TO DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE FEDERAL RECOMMENDATIONS TO IMPROVE FEDERAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT;SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT;
2.2. CONVENE PUBLIC MEETINGS TO ADDRESS SPECTRUM CONVENE PUBLIC MEETINGS TO ADDRESS SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT; AND MANAGEMENT; AND
3.3. PREPARE REPORTS WITH RECOMMENDATIONS AND PREPARE REPORTS WITH RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUBMIT THEM TO THE WHITE HOUSE.SUBMIT THEM TO THE WHITE HOUSE.
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PRESIDENTPRESIDENT’’S SPECTRUM POLICY S SPECTRUM POLICY INITIATIVE TIMELINEINITIATIVE TIMELINE
2005 2005 –– 2011, OR SEVEN YEARS 2011, OR SEVEN YEARS TOTALTOTAL
FOR IMPLEMENTATIONFOR IMPLEMENTATION
2020
PRESIDENTPRESIDENT’’S EXECUTIVE S EXECUTIVE MEMORANDUMMEMORANDUM
COMMITTED TO PROMOTING DEVELOPMENTCOMMITTED TO PROMOTING DEVELOPMENTAND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SPECTRUMAND IMPLEMENTATION OF A SPECTRUM
POLICY FOR THE 21POLICY FOR THE 21STST CENTURYCENTURY
1.1. FOSTER ECONOMIC GROWTH;FOSTER ECONOMIC GROWTH;2.2. ENSURE SECURITY;ENSURE SECURITY;3.3. DEVELOP COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOP COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY
AND SERVICES; AND AND SERVICES; AND 4.4. SATISFY PUBLIC SAFETY, SCIENTIFIC SATISFY PUBLIC SAFETY, SCIENTIFIC
RESEARCH, TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH, TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.INFRASTRUCTURE, AND LAW ENFORCEMENT.
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BEST SPECTRUM BEST SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT PRACTICESMANAGEMENT PRACTICES
21 PRACTICES WERE FINALLY AGREED 21 PRACTICES WERE FINALLY AGREED BY ITUBY ITU--R STUDY GROUP 1 R STUDY GROUP 1
(SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT) AFTER (SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT) AFTER SEVERAL YEARS OF DISCUSSION SEVERAL YEARS OF DISCUSSION
AND NEGOTIATION AND NEGOTIATION -- -- PUBLISHED BY PUBLISHED BY THE ITU IN 2005 AS AN ANNEX OF THE THE ITU IN 2005 AS AN ANNEX OF THE
ITU ITU
HANDOOK ON NATIONAL SPECTRUM HANDOOK ON NATIONAL SPECTRUM MANAGEMENTMANAGEMENT
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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONSAFTER WATCHING SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT CHANGES OVERAFTER WATCHING SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT CHANGES OVER
THE LAST HALFTHE LAST HALF--CENTURY, NASA FINDS THAT SPECTRUMCENTURY, NASA FINDS THAT SPECTRUMMANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT ADVANCEMENTADVANCEMENT IS A CONTINUAL, EVOLUTIONARYIS A CONTINUAL, EVOLUTIONARYPROCESS THAT, FROM TIMEPROCESS THAT, FROM TIME-- TOTO--TIME, HAS BEEN NECESSARILYTIME, HAS BEEN NECESSARILY
REVIEWED AND RENEWED.REVIEWED AND RENEWED.
TECHNOLOGY, COMITY, AND GOODWILL HAVE SOLVED SPECTRUMTECHNOLOGY, COMITY, AND GOODWILL HAVE SOLVED SPECTRUMMANAGEMENT ISSUES OVER THE YEARS. WE CAN CONTINUE TOMANAGEMENT ISSUES OVER THE YEARS. WE CAN CONTINUE TO
WORK TOGETHER, SHARE KNOWLEDGE, NEGOTIATE IN GOOD FAITH,WORK TOGETHER, SHARE KNOWLEDGE, NEGOTIATE IN GOOD FAITH,AND THEN ALL REAP THE BENEFITS OF GOOD SPECTRUMAND THEN ALL REAP THE BENEFITS OF GOOD SPECTRUM
STEWARDSHIP.STEWARDSHIP.
ADVANCESADVANCES CAN BE REALIZED BY FLEXIBILITY IN SPECTRUMCAN BE REALIZED BY FLEXIBILITY IN SPECTRUMMANAGEMENT SO AS TO ACHIEVE NEEDED SPECTRUM ACCESS. WITHMANAGEMENT SO AS TO ACHIEVE NEEDED SPECTRUM ACCESS. WITH
SUFFICIENT PLANNING, NEW SPECTRUM REQUIREMENTS CAN BESUFFICIENT PLANNING, NEW SPECTRUM REQUIREMENTS CAN BEACCOMMODATED BUT THE ISSUE HAS TO BE ADDRESSED EQUALLYACCOMMODATED BUT THE ISSUE HAS TO BE ADDRESSED EQUALLY
AT INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL LEVELS,AT INTERNATIONAL, REGIONAL, AND NATIONAL LEVELS,APPROPRIATELY PROTECTING EXISTING AND FUTURE SERVICES.APPROPRIATELY PROTECTING EXISTING AND FUTURE SERVICES.
