sph 107 ch 12
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Chapter 12Delivering Your Public Speech
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Why is Delivery so Important?
Delivery is the way you communicate your message orally and visually through your use of voice, face, and body.
Listeners are persuaded more by the delivery of the speech than the content.
55 to 90% of the meaning listeners grasp is derived from the delivery.
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What are the Characteristics of effective
delivery?Delivery is conveyed through the nonverbal
channel. Includes elements such as: eye contact, facial
expressions, gestures, body language, and even appearance.
Effective delivery has two main characteristics:Listener centeredAvoid sending nonverbal messages that do not
reinforce your verbal message.
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Characteristics of effective delivery?
Effective delivery is conversational.Public speaking is communication, not a
performance.Communicate with your audience, not at them.
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Principles of Nonverbal Communication
InevitableYou cannot not communicate nonverbally.Your dress and behavior communicate things
about you.
Culturally BoundEye contact is a sign of respect in the U.S. but is
interpreted as disrespect in many cultures.Because they are ambiguous, nonverbal cues can
mean different things in different situations.
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Principles of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal cues are believed.When verbal and nonverbal conflict, people
believe the nonverbal.
Nonverbal cues are conveyed simultaneously by several cues.
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
Proxemics- they way in which space and distance communicate meaning.Stand at a distance where you and your audience
can easily make eye contact.Smaller groups should be addressed from 4 to 8
feet away.Larger groups should be addressed from more
than 8 feet away.
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
Chronemics – messages we send through time based on cultural context.Western cultures are very time oriented: “Time is
money”Arrive early.Try to adhere to the timeline that your audience
expects.
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Types of Nonverbal Communication
Object Language- communication through appearance. A professional appearance adds to a speakers
credibility or ethos.Avoid extreme forms of dress or appearance.Dress more formally than your audience.Consider your topic and purpose.
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Eye ContactEyes are the number one source of nonverbal
communication – Make Eye Contact with your Audience.
Span the entire audience with your eyes.
Eye contact makes the listeners feel more involved in your speech.
Eye contact will help you read the feedback from your audience and adjust your message accordingly.
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Use of Body to Send Messages
Facial ExpressionsMost effective facial expressions are lively and yet
appear natural and spontaneous.Most beginning speakers are reluctant to use facial
expressions, but appropriate use can add to a speakers message.
It is important not to over do it.
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Use of Body to Send Messages
GesturesThey emphasize an important pointThey reference presentational aids.They clarify structure.Eliminate structures that do not do serve these
functions.Gesture from the elbow.Plan and practice your gestures.
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Use of Body to Send Messages
PostureListeners begin to evaluate you before you begin
speaking.Pause before you begin speaking.During the speech, stand firmly which your feet
about should width apart.Avoid swaying or leaning on the podium.
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Use of Body to Send Messages
Body MovementUse motivated movement.Reinforce the verbal message with your
movement.Movement should be used with a gesture to
appear more normal.Remain “open” to your audience when you move
from side to side.
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Use of Voice to Send Messages
Intelligibility - the capacity to be understood.Vocal quality, or timbre, distinguishes your voice
from others.Rate is the speed at which you deliver your speech.Volume is how lowly or softly you speak.Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of your voice
on the musical staff.Pronunciation refers to how the words sound and
what parts are stressed.Enunciation is the act of speaking distinctly and
clearly.
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Use of Voice to Send Messages
Vocal Variety – changing rate, pitch, and volume.Emotional intent can be reinforced by gradually
speeding up or slowing down, speaking higher or lower, or speaking louder and softer.
Pauses can be used to stress important points.
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Use of Voice to Send Messages
Conversational Style – sounding spontaneous and natural despite having practiced your speech.
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Methods of DeliveryThe Impromptu Method
Speaking with limited preparation.You sound more spontaneous and conversational
because of the nature of the presentation.
The Manuscript MethodReading a speech that has been written out in its
entirety. Tough to make sound conversational.Tough to adapt to your audience.Avoid except for quotes and statistics.
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Methods of DeliveryThe Memorized Method
Similar to manuscript in that it is fully written out before the performance but differs in that the speech is presented from memory.
Allows lots of eye contact.Takes lots of practice.Unexpected feedback can throw you off.
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Methods of DeliveryThe Extemporaneous Method
Requires a speech to be carefully researched and planned just like the Memorized and Manuscript methods.
More conversational while remaining organized and coherent.
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Practicing Your SpeechDon’t wait to the last minute to practice.
The best speech can fail if your delivery is poor.
Finish your outline at least three days before your presentation.
Always practice out loud.
Mark delivery cue reminders on you speaking outline.
Practice in front of friends or family members.
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Delivery and Public Speaking Anxiety
Never apologize for being nervous. It just draws attention to how nervous you are and makes your nerves worse.
Turn your nerves into energy that enhances your performance.
Practice, Practice, Practice.
Remember to make eye contact.
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