spiral shaped driveway
TRANSCRIPT
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8/8/2019 Spiral Shaped Driveway
1/6IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 18 SPRING 2010IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 18 SPRING 2010
Hengsong WangUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of China
Bing LongAssociate Professor in School of Automation, UESTC
Shulin TianProfessor of School of Automation Engineering, UESTC
STOCKBYTE
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/MITS.2010.937291
1939-1390/10/$26.002010IEEE
A Short Student Paper
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2/6IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 19 SPRING 2010IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 19 SPRING 2010
I. Introduction
Traffic jam and accidents, which reduce traffic flux
greatly, have become the bottleneck for the sustain-
able development of many cities, especially those
happening at large traffic circles with multi-lanes
(such as the Arc de Triomphe in Paris and the Victory Mon-
ument in Bangkok).
A number of techniques have been proposed to improve
the situation: stop line and traffic light are used to control the
flowing-in, flowing-around and flowing-out of traffic circles;
advanced control algorithms of traffic lights are developed
to increase the flux; length of weaving section and width
of the lanes are modified to get optimized results; conflict
points are transferred in geography; interchange bridges or
subways are built to separate different means of transporta-
tion [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]. Unfortunately, many disadvantages are
along with these techniques: traffic lights make the vehicles
wait for a long time, thus wasting resources (oil and the time
of the drivers) and increasing the corresponding pollution;
simulations for modifying the traditional intersection are
complex and cannot satisfy the growing need for high effi-
ciency; Building Interchange Bridge or subway requires high
cost and affect the beauty of the city; existing channelizationof intersection has limited application field while the cost for
updating is huge and the effect is not so satisfying, leaving
problem not solved fundamentally. All in all, we still face
many problems, for the traff ic flux and the safety level is still
lower than what we have expected.
It seems that channelization can solve the problem ef-
fectively. But at the moment, it is used only for intersection
with small flux. As for large scale ones with a large number
of branches, situation is much worse and better design is ur-
gently needed.
Therefore, we must reform the design of traffic circles and
provide a novel method of channelization with the consider-ation of flexibility, low-cost, high-flux, safety-critical.
II. Spiral-Shaped DrivewayThe basic problem of current traffic circle is that we cannot
provide each direction with a single lane, thus bringing about
intersections among different directions. If we can provide
each target branches with a unique lane, the problem may be
solves potentially. We will tackle the problem from this point.
Inspired by the Eight Diagram of Taoism which links the
center with the fringe by a spiral-shaped line (see Figure 1),
we can design spiral-shaped driveways to connect each en-
trance with target branches. The only condition is that differ-
ent driveways of certain direction dont intersect.
This system consists of these following elements (see
Figure 2):
1 , the center island; 101, the ring-shaped parking lot; 102,
the center square;
2, the spiral-shaped driveway district; 1 / 2 / 3 / 4 , four
spiral-shaped driveways lead to four target branches sepa-
rately;
1D/2D/3D/4D, four district corresponding to the main
branches; 301/302/303/304, four main branches connected
to the spiral-shaped driveways; 3011/3021/3031/3041, the
entrance lanes of the branches; 3012, 3022/3032/3042, the
AbstractBetter design of large traff ic circles is very impor-
tant for the growing need of high quality travel. This paper
presents a novel method for channeling the large traff ic cir-
cles based on the spiral-shaped driveways, which is inspired
by the Eight Diagram of Taoism. This channelization elimi-
nates many potential confl ict points as well as improves the
traffic flux. Better utilization of the center island becomespossible. After applying the error-correcting mechanism,
this design becomes more considerate and more branches
can be added.
Keywordstraff ic circle, spiral-shaped driveway, error-cor-
recting mechanism.
FIG 1 Eight diagram of Taoism.
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3/6IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 20 SPRING 2010
exit lanes of the branches;1 /2 /3 /4, four separate lanes
leading to the target branches;
4 , the entrances of vehicles from the main branches to the
spiral-shaped driveways;
5 , the sign bands providing instructions for the drivers;
601/602/603/604 , the traffic lights controlling the en-
trance from main branches to the circle; 701/702/703/704,
the stop lines corresponding to the traffic lights;
801/802/803/804 , the traffic lights controlling the circling of
vehicles on the spiral-shaped driveways; 901/902/903/904,
the stop lines corresponding to the traffic lights;
P1/P2/P3/P4, the parking buffers
for the mechanism of error-correcting
and for the expansion to circles with
more branches.
Now take the main branch 301 as
an example to explain the operationmechanism of this novel design of
traffic circle. Before entering the spi-
ral-shaped driveway 2, a vehicle must
drive to certain lane that is connect-
ed with the target branch (And this
will be indicated on the sign band 5
in detail):
Drive to 4 if he wants to turn left and
exit from 3042 in district 4;
Drive to 3if he wants to go straight
forward and exit from 3032 in district 3;
Drive to 2if he wants to turn rightand exit from 3022 in district 2.
Afterward, every vehicle can enter
the spiral-shaped driveway through
the line of dashes 4, which is the in-
tersection of spiral driveway and the
main branches. A driver, however,
must drive along spiral-shaped drive-
way that has the same code number
with the lane of entrance branch, that
is: drive to from 2 ; drive to from3;drive to from4 .
As a single spiral-shaped driveways lead to a single
branch, a vehicle can get to the target branch along the
driveway without conflict. And thats pretty safe!
In case of jams and accidents, traffic lights, which are
to eliminate conflicts and increase the traffic flux, are
provided in rush hours. Traffic lights 601/602/603/604
and stop lines 701/702/703/704 are to control the entering
of vehicles from the entrance lanes to the circle. These
lights must be in the same phase. 801/802/803/804 and
901/902/903/904 are used to control the circling of vehi-
cles on the spiral-shaped driveways. These lights must be
in opposite phase with 601/602/603/604. The control al-
gorithms, however, need to be studied further to gain theoptimized effect.
During off-peak hours, traffic lights should be off entirely
and the vehicles can enter the circle without the control of
the lights according to the Gap Acceptance Theory [7, 8].
III. Center IslandAs all of the spiral-shaped driveways start from the center of
the traffic circle, we can make a round-shaped parking lot 101
around the center 102 (see Fig. 3). All the vehicles can enter
or exit the parking lot through 1011/1012/1013/1014and head
to the Arc de Triomphe. For example, C1 can enter the park-
ing lot through 1012 and C2 can exit the parking lot through1013 while not affecting the circling car C3 or the parking
C31,012
C1
1,011
101
1,014
1,013
C2
102
C4
FIG 3 Center island.
3,021 3,022302
702
602702
P22
4
601 701
301
3,011
3,012
901
801
604704
3,0413,042
304
4DP4
703
603
3D
3,031
3,032
303
P3
102
101
P1
1D234
5
2D.
2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
22
2
4
44
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
14
FIG 2 Novel design of traffic circle.
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4/6IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 21 SPRING 2010
C4. If there is no Arc de Triomphe, we
can also build some other commercial
facilities or develop tourism. And this is
convenient for the traveler or the driv-
ers while the business and the tourism
get a chance to become prosperous.
IV. Error-CorrectingAfter channelization, a driver must
drive along on the right lane through-
out the whole process. But anyone may
make a mistake so error-correcting
mechanism is necessary. In Figures
2 and 4, parking buffers P1/P2/P3/P4
are designed which make it possible
to correct the error. This measure is
also the base of adding more branches
and will be explained further in thenext section.
For example, a vehicle from branch
3011 wants to turn left andget to 3042.
Therefore, the driver should drive to
, then along spiral-shaped driveway
. But by mistake he drives to which
are indicated by red line and arrow in
Figure 4. How to correct? He can drive
to P2 first and waits for the green light
of602 if it is in rush hours. In the next
turn, the driver reenter spiral-shaped
driveway from P2 (indicated by the
red line in picture). Now he can get to
the original target branch in spite of
the mistake.
V. Adding More BranchesThis design is fit for large number branch-
es owing to the spiral-shaped driveway
and the error-correcting mechanism.
Take the Arc de Triomphe in Paris which
calls for better control of the traffic ur-
gently as an example.First, 4 main branches are chosen ac-
cording to thestatistical flux and 4 districts
are divided in the principle of proximity.
Every district contains a bidirectional
main branch (1D/2D/3D/4D), an enter-
only branch (1D1R/2D2R/3D1R/4D1R)
and an exit-only branch (1D2R/2D1R/
3D2R/4D2R).
The main branches are operated in
the same mechanism with those de-
scribed in section II. For the exit-only
branches, operation is same with theexit-only lane of the main branches. For
CorrectLane
WaitingAgain
WrongLane
1D
4D
3D
2DP2
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
2
2
2
2
22
2
2
FIG 4 Error-correcting mechanism.
602 302
P2
1 D
1 D
2D 1RR
D2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
R1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 D301
4 D 2 R
4
4
D
304
3 2
1
R
R3
3
303
2 D 2 R
DD
D
D
1R
304
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
FIG 5 Expansion of the traffic circle.
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5/6IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 22 SPRING 2010
example, if a car from 301 wants to get to 4D2R, it can first
drive to, then exit at 4D2R.
For the enter-only branches, vehicles can make use of the
parking buffers. Take a vehicle from 1D1R as an example
and suppose that this vehicle want to drive to 3012. First it
can drive to spiral-shaped driveway and stop at the park-
ing buffer P2. When allowed, this vehicle must drive to spi-
ral-shaped driveway and get out of the circle at lane 3012.
(The whole process is indicated in Figure 5.)
VI. Conflicts AnalysisIn Figure 6-a, the driveways have not been channelized. Ve-
hicles entering the circle will conflict with the circling ones
at F1; circling vehicles will bring about conflict points F2 if
vehicles change to another lane; vehicles coming out of the
circle will conflict with the circling ones at F3. Thus, con-
flict points which are the source of potential safety hazardalmost scatter about the whole traffic circle and reduce the
traffic flux greatly, especially for ones with a large number
of branches.
However, conflict points F2 and F3 are eliminated after
channelization with the application of spiral-shaped drive-
ways and the mechanism for error- correcting (shown in
Figure 6-b). Therefore traffic flux and the safety level are
improved. During rush hours, traffic lights of the branch
entrances and the Spiral-shaped driveways, which are op-
posite in phase, can be used to eliminate the conflict points
F1. This measure can prevent the traffic jam effectively. Al-
gorithms to control the traffic lights, however, need to bestudied further.
VII. ConclusionsThis paper presents a novel design of traffic circles based
on the spiral-shaped driveways and the error-correcting
mechanism. After just simple statement and analysis, it
is apparent that it can reduce the conflict rate and im-
prove the traffic flux greately. Some of the advantages
are listed:
The design of the Spiral-shaped driveway is simple and
convenience to be applied and just need segregate in-
stallation between different driveway and correspond-
ing traffic signs. Therefore it produces less effect of the
current road and the neighborhood and is low-cost and
low-waste.
Especially for traffic circles with a large number of branch-
es, this design can be carried out easily and effectively.
Spiral-shaped driveways start from the center, and it is
convenient for the development of tourism and businesswhile maintaining sustainable.
Despite the advantages, further studies should be car-
ried out:
The proposed spiral-shaped circle with error-correct-
ing mechanism should be modeled and the correspond-
ing parameters should be determined reasonably or
statistically.
The conflict rate and the traffic flux need to be determined
accurately and more comparisons with the traditional traf-
fic circles should be made.
Whatever, this design inspires us to rethink the art of design
which is somewhat intuitive to solve this complex problem. Mayit start a new way or style for our ITSM!
2D
F3
3D
4D
F2
1D
F1
2D
F1
1D
4D
3D
3
3
3
4
4
4
1
1
1
3
33
3
3
2
22
2
2
1
1
1 1
1
44
4
4
4
2
2
2
Potential Conflict Point Potential Conflict Point
D
F3
3D
4D
F2
1D
F1
Potential Conflict P
(a) (b)
FIG 6 (a) and (b) show conflicts analysis.
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6/6IEEE INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS MAGAZINE 23 SPRING 2010
About the Authors Hengsong Wangwas born in
Kaifeng, China, in August 1990.
He is currently an undergradu-
ate at University of Electronic
Science and Technology of Chi-na (UESTC), Chengdu, China.
He is interested in math and art,
concerning about the affairs of
our planet. Imagination is his favorite.
Bing Longwas born in Chengdu,
China, in July 1974. He is current-
ly an Associate Professor with Uni-
versity of Electronic Science and
Technology of China (UESTC),
Chengdu, China. His research in-
terests include Application Math-ematic and testability analysis.
Shulin Tian received his B.S.
and M.S degrees in automation
engineering science from the
University of Electronic Science
and Technology of China in 1989
and 1991 respectively. Currently,
he is a professor of School of Au-
tomation Engineering, UESTC.
Majored in Measuring and Testing Technology &
Instruments, he has conducted a number of proj-
ects in high speed, high precision data acquisition
and processing, high speed waveform generation,
network/communication testing, testing bus tech-
nology and testing system integration.
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[5] R. Akcelik, Estimating negotiation radius, dista nce and speedfor vehicles using round-abouts, 2004.
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