SPLA/

M

Starting in the 1890s, the British controlled Sudan.

The North was under Muslim influence, like neighboring Egypt. Christian and traditional African influence dominated the South.

In 1953, the British turn over

control to the Muslims in the north.

The First Sudanese Civil War breaks out in 1955 because the Southerners feel oppressed.

In 1972, after 17 years, the war ends with the Addis Ababa Agreement., where the South becomes autonomous .

President Gaafar Nimeiry breaks the Agreement in 1983 for control of oil. He declares all of Sudan an Islamic state.

Sudan People’s Liberation Army/Movement is created in 1983 to fight the southern oppression. The Second Sudanese Civil War begins.

Omar al-Bashir becomes president in 1993 with the National Islamic Front. Islamic law is reinforced.

Other nations join the fight to help the south.

In 2002, a cease-fire is agreed upon between the north and SPLA/M.

In 2005, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement is signed. The South will be autonomous for six years before a referendum is held to determine secession.

At the Southern Sudanese Independence referendum on July 9, 2011, the South secedes. South Sudan is now ruled by the Southern Sudan Legislative Assembly and President Salva Kiir Mayardit.

Today: Sudan and South Sudan still experience conflict

over oil, tribal differences, and

interstate trade.

The History of Sudanese Conflict

Ellie FieldCarolyn Messer