splash screen. chapter menu chapter introduction section 1:section 1:the imperial vision section...
TRANSCRIPT
Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: The Imperial Vision
Section 2: The Spanish-American War
Section 3: New American Diplomacy
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro
How Are Empires Built?International economic and military competition convinced the United States it must become a world power. In the late 1800s, the United States increased its trade and military presence in East Asia and Latin America, and by the early 1900s, it had created an American empire.
• Why do you think the United States focused on East Asia and Latin America?
• What factors make a nation a world power?
Chapter Intro 1
The Imperial Vision
Why did the United States seek to become an imperialist power?
Chapter Intro 2
The Spanish-American War
Was sympathy for the Cuban people or economic expansion the major reason why the United States declared war on Spain?
Chapter Intro 3
New American Diplomacy
Why did the United States use diplomacy to achieve its economic objectives in Asia?
Section 1-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Economics and Society In the late 1800s, many Americans wanted the United States to expand its military and economic power overseas.
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• imperialism • protectorate
Academic Vocabulary
• expansion • conference
Section 1-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Anglo-Saxonism
• Matthew C. Perry
• Queen Liliuokalani
• Pan-Americanism
A. A
B. B
Section 1-Polling Question
Do you agree that strong nations should take advantage of weaker nations?
A. Agree
B. Disagree
0%0%
Section 1
Building Support for Imperialism
A desire for world markets and belief in the superiority of Anglo-Saxon culture led the United States to assert itself as a world power.
Section 1
• Beginning in the 1880s, economic and military competition from other nations, as well as a growing feeling of cultural superiority, convinced many Americans that the United States should become a world power.
• Several European nations were already expanding overseas, a development known as the New Imperialism.
Building Support for Imperialism (cont.)
Section 1
• Europeans expanded their power overseas for many reasons:
– Factories depended on raw materials from all over the world.
– By the late 1800s, most industrialized countries had placed high tariffs against each other.
– The growth of investment opportunities in Western Europe had slowed.
Building Support for Imperialism (cont.)
Section 1
• To protect their investments, European nations began exerting control over those territories.
– Some areas became colonies, while others became protectorates.
Building Support for Imperialism (cont.)
• The U.S. noticed the expansion of European powers overseas and concluded that the nation needed new overseas markets to keep its economy strong.
Exports and Imports, 1865–1900
Section 1
• In addition to economic concerns, many supporters of Social Darwinism argued that nations competed with each other politically, economically, and militarily, and that only the strongest would survive.
– John Fiske’s ideas, known as Anglo-Saxonism, were linked to the idea of Manifest Destiny.
Building Support for Imperialism (cont.)
Section 1
• As Americans became increasingly willing to risk war to defend American interests overseas, support for building a large modern navy began to grow.
– Captain Alfred T. Mahan published his lectures in a book called The Influence of Sea Power upon History 1660–1783, which helped build public support for a big navy.
Building Support for Imperialism (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Josiah Strong linked Anglo-Saxonism to which idea in order to gain the support of Americans?
A. Manifest Destiny
B. Imperialism
C. Missionary work
D. Nationalism
Section 1
American Expansion in the Pacific
The desire for new markets led to trade with Japan and the annexation of Hawaii.
Section 1
• In 1852, after receiving several petitions from Congress, President Millard Fillmore decided to force Japan to trade with the United States.
– He ordered Commodore Matthew C. Perry to take a naval expedition to Japan to negotiate a trade treaty.
American Expansion in the Pacific (cont.)
Section 1
• Realizing that they could not resist modern Western technology and weapons, the Japanese agreed to sign the Treaty of Kanagawa.
– By the 1890s, the Japanese had a powerful navy and had begun building their own empire in Asia.
American Expansion in the Pacific (cont.)
Section 1
• Queen Liliuokalani disliked the influence that American settlers had gained in Hawaii, so she tried to impose a new constitution reasserting her authority.
– A group of planters, supported by the U.S. marines, overthrew her monarchy and in 1891, she reluctantly stepped down.
– President Cleveland strongly opposed imperialism, so the United States annexed Hawaii once he was out of office.
American Expansion in the Pacific (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
After the recession struck Hawaii in 1872, the U.S. signed a treaty exempting Hawaii from tariffs on which product?
A. Pineapples
B. Sugar
C. Coconut
D. Plants
Section 1
Diplomacy in Latin America
The United States worked to increase trade with Latin America.
Section 1
• American business leaders and government officials wanted to increase the sale of American products in Latin America.
– James G. Blaine proposed that the United States invite the Latin American nations to a conference to discuss ways in which the American nations could work together to support peace and increase trade.
– This idea became known as Pan-Americanism.
Diplomacy in Latin America (cont.)
Section 1
• Although the Latin American delegates rejected Blaine’s ideas, they did create an organization that worked to promote cooperation among the nations of the Western Hemisphere—the Commercial Bureau of the American Republic.
Diplomacy in Latin America (cont.)
• Today this organization is called the Organization of American States (OAS).
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Section 1
Which of the following goals did James G. Blaine wish to accomplish at the conference?
A. Creation of a customs union
B. Creation of a system to work out disputes peacefully
C. Creation of a treaty that limited European trade
D. A and B
E. B and C
0% 0% 0%0%0%
Section 2-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Trade, War, and Migration The United States defeated Spain in a war, acquired new overseas territories, and became an imperial power.
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• yellow journalism
• autonomy
• jingoism
Academic Vocabulary
• intervene • volunteer
Section 2-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• José Martí
• William Randolph Hearst
• Joseph Pulitzer
• Emilio Aguinaldo
• Platt Amendment
• Foraker Act
A. A
B. B
Section 2-Polling Question
Do you think that the United States should grant Puerto Rico their independence?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
Section 2
The Coming of War
In support of the Cuban rebellion and in retaliation for the loss of the USS Maine, the United States declared war on Spain.
Section 2
• In 1868, Cuban rebels declared independence and launched a guerrilla war against Spanish authorities.
– The rebellion collapsed a decade later, and many Cuban rebels fled to the U.S.
– One of the exiled leaders, José Martí, launched a rebellion in February 1895.
– Marti died, but the Republic of Cuba was established in September 1895.
The Coming of War (cont.)
U.S. Investment in Cuba, 1897
Section 2
• Many Americans supported the rebels because of the sensational stories published in The Journal, owned by William Randolph Hearst, and The World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer.
– This kind of writing came to be known as yellow journalism.
The Coming of War (cont.)
Section 2
• President William McKinley made it clear that if the war did not end soon, the United States would have to intervene.
– Spain removed General Valeriano Weyler from power and offered the Cubans autonomy, but only if Cuba remained part of the Spanish empire.
– The Cubans refused to negotiate.
The Coming of War (cont.)
The Spanish-American War
Section 2
• On the evening of February 15, 1898, while the Maine sat in Havana Harbor, it exploded.
– No one is sure why this happened, but Americans believed the Spanish did it.
– Within the Republican Party, jingoism was very strong, so the president faced pressure to go to war.
The Coming of War (cont.)
The Battle for the Philippines
Section 2
– On April 11, 1898, McKinley asked Congress to authorize the use of force.
– On April 19, Congress proclaimed Cuba independent, demanded that Spain withdraw from the island, and authorized the use of force.
– In response to the demands of the United States, Spain declared war.
The Coming of War (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
The United States had not been at war with another nation in how many years?
A. 10
B. 30
C. 50
D. 70
Section 2
A War on Two Fronts
The United States fought and defeated Spain in both the Caribbean and the Pacific.
Section 2
• Commodore George Dewey was ordered to attack the Spanish fleet based in the Philippines.
– His quick victory took McKinley and his advisers by surprise.
– While waiting for the American troops to arrive, Dewey contacted Emilio Aguinaldo—a Filipino revolutionary.
A War on Two Fronts (cont.)
Section 2
– While the rebels took control of most of the islands, American troops seized the Philippine capital of Manila.
• Neither the Spanish nor Americans were prepared for war in Cuba.
A War on Two Fronts (cont.)
– American military planners wanted to drive the Spanish fleet out of Santiago Harbor and into battle with the American fleet waiting nearby.
Section 2
– While one group of soldiers attacked San Juan Hill, the Rough Riders, led by Theodore Roosevelt and accompanied by the all-black 9th and 10th Cavalry Regiments, attacked Kettle Hill.
– The plan worked, and the United States took control of Santiago and Puerto Rico.
A War on Two Fronts (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Which percentage of the American troops fighting in Cuba were African American?
A. 15%
B. 25%
C. 45%
D. 50%
Section 2
An American Empire
In defeating Spain, the United States acquired an overseas empire.
Section 2
• When deciding whether or not to annex the Philippines, the United States faced a difficult choice—remain true to its republican ideals or become an imperial power that ruled a foreign country without the consent of its people.
• President McKinley ultimately decided to annex the islands.
• On December 10, 1898, the U.S. and Spain signed the Treaty of Paris.
An American Empire (cont.)
Section 2
• Although the United States had promised to grant Cuba its independence, President McKinley added the Platt Amendment to their Constitution.
– This amendment made Cuba an American protectorate, and remained in effect until 1934.
An American Empire (cont.)
Section 2
• In 1900, Congress passed the Foraker Act, establishing a civil government in Puerto Rico.
– The debate over Puerto Rico’s status continues today.
An American Empire (cont.)
Section 2
• The Philippine-American war, or Philippine Insurrection, lasted for more than three years.
– To fight the guerrillas, the U.S. military adopted many of the same policies that America had condemned Spain for using in Cuba.
– The first U.S. civilian governor of the islands, William Howard Taft, slowly reduced Filipino hostility through his reforms.
An American Empire (cont.)
Section 2
– On July 4, 1902, the United States declared the war over.
– By the mid-1930s, Filipinos were permitted to elect their own congress and president.
– Finally, in 1946, the United States granted independence to the Philippines.
An American Empire (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
The following happened under the Treaty of Paris EXCEPT
A. Cuba became an independent nation.
B. The United States acquired Puerto Rico and Guam.
C. The United States paid Spain $20 million for the Philippines.
D. The United States decided a senator would govern the Philippines.
Section 3-Main Idea
Big Ideas
Trade, War, and Migration Under President Theodore Roosevelt, the United States increased its power on the world stage.
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• sphere of influence
• Open Door policy
• dollar diplomacy
• guerrilla
Academic Vocabulary
• access • tension
Section 3-Key Terms
People and Events to Identify
• Boxer Rebellion
• Hay-Pauncefote Treaty
• Roosevelt Corollary
• Victoriana Huerta
• Pancho Villa
A. A
B. B
Section 3-Polling Question
Do you feel that the United States should intervene in foreign affairs?
A. Yes
B. No
0%0%
Section 3
American Diplomacy in Asia
The United States pursued an Open Door policy to allow all nations access to China’s markets.
Section 3
• In 1894, Japan easily defeated China in a war over Korea.
– China gave Japan territory in Manchuria.
– Then, in 1898, Russia demanded that China lease the Manchurian territory to Russia.
American Diplomacy in Asia (cont.)
• Soon other countries also demanded “leaseholds” in China; each leasehold became the center of a country’s sphere of influence.
Section 3
• Politicians and businessmen in the United States supported what they called an Open Door policy.
– Secretary of State John Hay received assurances from all of the nations with leaseholds that they would accept the Open Door policy if all the others agreed to do so as well.
American Diplomacy in Asia (cont.)
The Open Door Policy and the Boxer Rebellion
Section 3
• During the Boxer Rebellion in 1900, the Boxers, supported by some Chinese troops, besieged foreign embassies in Beijing and Tianjin, killing more than 200 foreigners and taking others prisoner.
– Eight nations intervened, landing in China to rescue the foreigners and smash the rebellion.
– Hay worked with British diplomats to persuade the other powers not to partition China.
American Diplomacy in Asia (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
E. E
Section 3
Why did Hay work to convince the other countries not to partition China?
A. To retain access to China’s lucrative trade in tea, spices, and silk
B. To maintain a larger market for its own goods
C. To avoid further war with China
D. A and B
E. B and C
A B C D E
0% 0% 0%0%0%
Section 3
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy
Presidents Roosevelt and Taft continued to support a policy of expanding Unites States influence in foreign countries.
Section 3
• After President McKinley was assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt took over the presidency.
– He favored increasing American power on the world stage.
– For his efforts in ending the war between Japan and Russia, Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906.
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)
Great White Fleet
Section 3
• Roosevelt believed in a strong global military presence.
– One of the most dramatic acts of his presidency was the acquisition and construction of the Panama Canal.
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)
• In 1901 the United States and Great Britain signed the Hay-Pauncefote Treaty, which gave the United States the exclusive right to build any proposed canal through Central America.
Section 3
• On November 3, 1903, Philippe Bunau-Varilla’s forces revolted against Columbia.
– Within a few days, the United States recognized Panama’s independence, and the two nations signed a treaty allowing the canal to be built.
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)
• To address the problem of European powers exploiting Latin American debt, Roosevelt gave an address to Congress known as the Roosevelt Corollary.
Section 3
• Roosevelt’s successor, William Howard Taft, believed that if American business leaders supported Latin America development, everyone would benefit.
– Taft’s policy came to be called dollar diplomacy.
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)
The Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy, 1903–1934
Section 3
– Administration officials also worked hard to replace European loans with loans from American banks in order to avoid European intervention in Latin America.
Roosevelt’s Diplomacy (cont.)
The Roosevelt Corollary and Dollar Diplomacy, 1903–1934
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Who expressed his political beliefs with the saying, “Speak softly and carry a big stick”?
A. William McKinley
B. William Howard Taft
C. Theodore Roosevelt
D. John Hay
Section 3
Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico
Wilson believed in “moral diplomacy” and tried to encourage democracy in Latin America.
Section 3
• In 1911, widespread discontent in Mexico erupted into revolution.
– Francisco Madero, a reformer who appeared to support democracy, constitutional government, and land reform, led the revolution.
– In February 1913, General Victoriano Huerta murdered Madero and seized power.
Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)
Section 3
• Woodrow Wilson refused to recognize the new government.
• In April 1914, American sailors visiting the city of Tampico were arrested after entering a restricted area.
Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)
– Although they were released, Wilson saw Mexico’s refusal to apologize as an opportunity to overthrow Huerta.
Section 3
– Venustiano Carranza became Mexico’s president, but Mexican forces were not appeased.
– In March 1916, Pancho Villa and a group of guerrillas burned the town of Columbus, New Mexico, and killed 16 Americans.
– Wilson sent 6,000 troops under General John J. Pershing to capture Villa, but later recalled them.
Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)
Section 3
• During Wilson’s presidency, his hope of leading the world by moral example was not realized.
Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy in Mexico(cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Wilson was hoping not to deal with which issue while in office?
A. Foreign affairs
B. Domestic policy
C. The economy
D. Education
VS 1
Causes of American Imperialism
• The United States wanted new markets for its products, particularly its manufactured goods.
• Many Americans believed it was the destiny of the United States to spread its power and civilization to other parts of the world.
• American leaders believed that having a powerful navy and controlling trade were key to being a world power.
VS 2
Effects of the Spanish-American War
• Cuba officially became an independent nation, although the United States claimed control over its foreign relations and exerted influence over internal politics.
• The United States acquired Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.
• Americans debated the morality and wisdom of becoming an imperial nation.
• The United States fought a three-year war to secure control over the Philippines.
VS 3
The United States Acts As a World Power
• The United States used diplomatic means to establish the Open Door policy in China.
• President Theodore Roosevelt negotiated a peace agreement between Russia and Japan.
• The United States completed construction of the Panama Canal.
• The United States intervened; with the intent to provide stability, in the affairs of several Caribbean nations.
• The United States twice intervened in the lengthy Mexican Revolution.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Chapter Trans Menu
Chapter Transparencies Menu
Why It Matters
Cause-and-Effect Transparency
Unit Time Line Transparency
Select a transparency to view.
Why It Matters Trans
C & E Trans
Unit Timelines Trans
DFS Trans 1
DFS Trans 2
DFS Trans 3
Vocab1
imperialism
the actions used by one nation to exercise political or economic control over a smaller or weaker nation
Vocab2
protectorate
a country that is technically independent but is actually under the control of another country
Vocab3
expansion
the act or process of increasing or enlarging the extent, number, volume, or scope
Vocab4
conference
a meeting of two or more persons for discussing matters of common concern
Vocab5
yellow journalism
type of sensational, biased, and often false reporting for the sake of attracting readers
Vocab6
autonomy
the quality or state of being self-governing
Vocab7
jingoism
extreme nationalism marked by aggressive foreign policy
Vocab8
intervene
to get involved in the affairs of another
Vocab9
volunteer
one who offers service willingly
Vocab10
sphere of influence
section of a country where one foreign nation enjoys special rights and powers
Vocab11
Open Door policy
a policy that allowed each foreign nation in China to trade freely in the other nations’ spheres of influence
Vocab12
dollar diplomacy
a policy of joining the business interests of a country with its diplomatic interests abroad
Vocab13
guerrilla
member of an armed band that carries out surprise attacks and sabotage rather than open warfare
Vocab14
access
freedom or ability to obtain or make use of
Vocab15
tension
act of stretching; stiffness; mental strain
Help
Click the Forward button to go to the next slide.
Click the Previous button to return to the previous slide.
Click the Home button to return to the Chapter Menu.
Click the Transparency button from the Chapter Menu, Chapter Introduction, or Visual Summary slides to access the transparencies that are relevant to this chapter. From within a section, click on this button to access the relevant Daily Focus Skills Transparency.
Click the Return button in a feature to return to the main presentation.
Click the History Online button to access online textbook features.
Click the Reference Atlas button to access the Interactive Reference Atlas.
Click the Exit button or press the Escape key [Esc] to end the chapter slide show.
Click the Help button to access this screen.
Links to Presentation Plus! features such as Maps in Motion, Graphs in Motion, Charts in Motion, Concepts in Motion, and figures from your textbook are located at the bottom of relevant screens.
To use this Presentation Plus! product:
End of Custom Shows
This slide is intentionally blank.