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Splash Screen
Chapter Menu
Chapter Introduction
Section 1: Time of Turmoil
Section 2: Desire for Normalcy
Section 3: A Booming Economy
Section 4: The Roaring Twenties
Visual Summary
Chapter Intro
Time of Turmoil
Essential Question How did prejudice and labor strife affect the nation following World War I?
Chapter Intro
Desire for Normalcy
Essential Question In what ways did the election of Harding and Coolidge reflect America’s changing mood?
Chapter Intro
A Booming Economy
Essential Question How did new technology and forms of transportation change American life?
Chapter Intro
The Roaring Twenties
Essential Question How did social change affect the arts, the role of women, and minorities?
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
Section 1-Essential Question
How did prejudice and labor strife affect the nation following World War I?
Section 1-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• capitalism
• anarchist
• deport
Academic Vocabulary
• normal
• dynamic
Reading Guide
Section 1-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Red Scare
• Calvin Coolidge
• Marcus Garvey
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement: Americans are generally tolerant of those who have different ideas and beliefs.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Section 1
Fear of Radicalism
Events after World War I made some Americans intolerant of immigrants and foreign ideas.
Section 1
• As the 1920s began, Americans wanted to return to a normal way of life.
• Many Americans felt threatened by the Russian Bolsheviks, who urged workers around the world to overthrow capitalism.
• Anarchists—people who believe there should be no government—also frightened Americans with bombings in several cities.
Fear of Radicalism (cont.)
Section 1
• These fears led to the Red Scare, a period when government officers arrested Communists and others with radical views.
• The government deported a few hundred of the aliens it arrested but quickly released many others for lack of evidence.
Fear of Radicalism (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
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What do anarchists believe?
A. In an economy based on private property and free enterprise
B. In government ownership of business and industry
C. That there should be no government
D. In a government with astrong individual leader
Section 1
Labor and Racial Strife
The 1920s brought increased labor unrest and racial tensions, often marked by violence.
Section 1
• Steelworkers demanding better wages and eight-hour workdays were accused of being “red agitators,” forcing an end to their strike.
• Massachusetts governor Calvin Coolidge called out the National Guard when Boston police officers went on strike for the right to form a union.
• Distrust of unions led to a sharp drop in union membership in the 1920s.
Labor and Racial Strife (cont.)
Section 1
• Despite the decline of unions, dynamic African American A. Philip Randolph started the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Union.
• African American leader Marcus Garvey opposed integration and supported a “back-to-Africa” movement.
Labor and Racial Strife (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 1
A B
C
D
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Calvin Coolidge called in the National Guard when the police officers of Boston went on strike. What was Calvin Coolidge’s position at that time?
A. Chief of Police of Boston
B. Massachusetts Senator
C. Governor of Massachusetts
D. President of the United States
Section 2-Essential Question
In what ways did the election of Harding and Coolidge reflect America’s changing mood?
Section 2-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• lease
• isolationism
Academic Vocabulary
• detect
• intervene
Reading Guide
Section 2-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Warren G. Harding
• Teapot Dome
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
Section 2-Polling Question
Do you believe that politicians are generally honorable or corrupt?
A. A majority are honorable
B. There is a fairly even split
C. A majority are corrupt
A B C
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Section 2
Harding and Coolidge
The Harding and Coolidge administrations favored business and wanted a smaller government.
Section 2
• Warren G. Harding won the 1920 presidential election with his promise of a return to “normalcy.”
• Harding gave government jobs to many of his political supporters, many of whom were unqualified or corrupt.
Harding and Coolidge (cont.)
Section 2
– Albert Fall, the secretary of the interior, secretly leased government oil reserves in Teapot Dome, Wyoming, to oil company owners.
– Teapot Dome became a symbol of the corruption in the Harding administration.
• In the summer of 1923, President Harding died and Vice President Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as President.
Harding and Coolidge (cont.)
Section 2
• Coolidge took a hands-off approach to government.
• He once said, “If the federal government should go out of existence, the common run of the people would not detect the difference for a considerable length of time.”
Harding and Coolidge (cont.)
Section 2
• Under Coolidge, the government cut spending, lowered income tax rates on wealthy Americans and corporations, and overturned laws regulating child labor and women’s wages.
• Coolidge swept the 1924 presidential race with 54 percent of the popular vote.
Harding and Coolidge (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
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Who prospered under Coolidge and his Republican-controlled Congress?
A. The Ohio Gang
B. Female Workers
C. Business interests
D. American children
Section 2
Foreign Policy
Harding and Coolidge aimed to limit the role of the United States in foreign affairs.
Section 2
• Many Americans supported the policy of isolationism that Harding and Coolidge favored for the nation in world affairs.
• The Harding and Coolidge administrations actively promoted peace.
– In 1922, the United States, Japan, Britain, France, and Italy agreed to limit the size of their navies.
Foreign Policy (cont.)
Section 2
– In 1928, the United States joined 14 other nations in signing a pact that called for outlawing war.
• Instead of intervening with troops in Mexico, Coolidge negotiated a peaceful settlement.
Foreign Policy (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 2
A B
C
D
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Which of the following nations did NOT sign the Five-Power Treaty?
A. The United States
B. Japan
C. Mexico
D. Italy
Section 3-Essential Question
How did technology and new forms of transportation change American life?
Section 3-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• recession
• productivity
• gross national product
• installment buying
Academic Vocabulary
• expert • technique
Reading Guide
Section 3-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Henry Ford
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3-Polling Question
Which invention of the 1920s has had the greatest impact on your life?
A. The elevator
B. The spiral-bound notebook
C. The car radio
D. Adhesive tape A B C D
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Section 3
Growth in the 1920s
The United States experienced amazing economic growth during the 1920s.
Section 3
• After World War I, the American economy initially was in a recession but then began a steady growth that lasted most of the decade.
– In 1922 the gross national product of the United States was $70 billion.
– By 1929, the gross national product rose to $100 billion.
Growth in the 1920s (cont.)
The 1920s Economy
Section 3
• Employers hired experts to make work more efficient and increase productivity.
• Mass-production techniques also increased productivity and cut production costs.
• Employers took steps—known as welfare capitalism—to build better relationships with workers.
Growth in the 1920s (cont.)
Section 3
• More than 60% of American households had electricity, and many consumers purchased electric appliances through installment buying.
Growth in the 1920s (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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What industry was the first to use the assembly line in its manufacturing process?
A. Automobile
B. Clothing
C. Meat processing
D. Steel
Section 3
The Automobile Age
The automobile industry stimulated the economy and transformed the ways Americans traveled and lived.
Section 3
• During the 1920s, the car became an important part of American life.
• Henry Ford was a pioneer in making affordable, dependable automobiles.
The Automobile Age (cont.)
Economics & History
Section 3
• The automobile had an effect on other industries.
– Roads and highways needed to be built.
– Gas stations, eateries, and shops were built along roads and highways.
– The steel, rubber, and glass industries grew.
The Automobile Age (cont.)
Economics & History
Section 3
• Some industries did not benefit from the economic boom.
– After the war, farmers had to compete with European agriculture again.
– Railroad workers suffered as trucks took business from railroads.
– Coal miners had a difficult time as electricity replaced coal as a power source.
The Automobile Age (cont.)
Section 3
– As more clothes were made out of synthetic fabrics, cotton producers suffered.
The Automobile Age (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 3
A B
C
D
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How did Ford increase the sales of his automobile?
A. By building new highways
B. By establishing labor unions in his factories
C. By introducing the assembly line
D. By steadily dropping the price of the Model T
Section 4-Essential Question
How did social change affect the arts, the role of women, and minorities?
Section 4-Key Terms
Content Vocabulary
• flapper
• mass media
• expatriate
• Prohibition
• nativism
• quota system
• evolution
Academic Vocabulary
• device • enormous
Reading Guide
Section 4-Key Terms
Key People and Events
• Harlem Renaissance
• Eighteenth Amendment
• Twenty-first Amendment
Reading Guide (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4-Polling Question
Rate your agreement with the following statement: When you are prohibited from doing something, it makes that activity even more appealing.
A. Strongly agree
B. Somewhat agree
C. Somewhat disagree
D. Strongly disagree A B C D
0% 0%0%0%
Section 4
Social and Cultural Change
During the 1920s, social changes affected the role of women and led to new forms of entertainment and culture.
Section 4
• The 1920s brought many changes for women.
– The Nineteenth Amendment guaranteed women in all states the right to vote.
– Women also ran for election to political offices.
– More women took jobs outside the home.
Social and Cultural Change (cont.)
Section 4
• The symbol of a liberated woman was the flapper—a carefree young woman with short “bobbed” hair, heavy makeup, and a short skirt.
• Mass media such as newspapers and radio spread cultural changes quickly to millions.
• Americans had more leisure time as a result of laborsaving devices or equipment.
• The motion picture industry offered great entertainment from silent movies to “talkies.”
Social and Cultural Change (cont.)
Section 4
• The radio brought news, concerts, sporting events, and comedies into homes and offered businesses an enormous audience for advertising their products.
• Jazz music captured the spirit of the era so well that the 1920s are often referred to as the Jazz Age.
Social and Cultural Change (cont.)
Section 4
• The rhythm and themes of jazz inspired the Harlem Renaissance in New York City.
– The African American experience was presented in novels, poems, and short stories.
Social and Cultural Change (cont.)
• Other writers questioned American ideals and became expatriates.
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B
C
D
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What form of 1920s entertainment was rooted in African American culture?
A. Jazz
B. Movies
C. Football
D. Speakeasies
Section 4
A Clash of Cultures
During the 1920s, American society was divided by a clash between traditional and modern values.
Section 4
• The temperance movement was rooted in religious objections to drinking alcohol and the belief that society would benefit if alcohol were unavailable.
– The movement reached its goal in 1919 with the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which established Prohibition.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Section 4
– A continuing demand for alcohol led to widespread lawbreaking, and prohibition was repealed in 1933 with the Twenty-First Amendment.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Section 4
• The concerns of native-born Americans led to the upsurge of nativism—the belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners.– Congress passed laws responding to
Nativist fears that foreigners would take their jobs by establishing a quota system.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Section 4
• Another cultural clash in the 1920s involved the role of religion in society.
– In 1925, Tennessee passed a law making it illegal to teach evolution—the scientific theory that humans evolved over vast periods of time.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Education in the 1920s
Section 4
– A young high school teacher named John Scopes was convicted of breaking the law, but the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned Scopes’s conviction.
A Clash of Cultures (cont.)
Education in the 1920s
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B
C
D
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What was the total ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor throughout the United States known as?
A. Speakeasies
B. Bootlegging
C. Prohibition
D. Temperance
Section 4
The Election of 1928
Prosperity, prohibition, and religion were the major themes of the 1928 election.
Section 4
• Republican Herbert Hoover faced Democratic candidate Alfred E. Smith—the first Roman Catholic nominee for president—in the 1928 election.
• Hoover won the election due to the prosperity of the 1920s, for which the Republicans took credit, and the religious prejudice against Smith.
The Election of 1928 (cont.)
A. A
B. B
C. C
D. D
Section 4
A B
C
D
0% 0%0%0%
What form of prejudice did Alfred E. Smith experience in the 1928 presidential election?
A. Regional
B. Gender
C. Racial
D. Religious
Figure 1
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Figure 3
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Vocab1
capitalism
an economic system based on private property and free enterprise
Vocab2
anarchist
person who believes that there should be no government
Vocab3
deport
to send out of a country aliens who are considered dangerous
Vocab4
normal
typical or average
Vocab5
dynamic
active and energetic
Vocab6
lease
to hand over property in return for rent
Vocab7
isolationism
a national policy of avoiding involvement in world affairs
Vocab8
detect
uncover or discover the true character of
Vocab9
intervene
to involve oneself in the affairs of another
Vocab10
recession
a downward turn in business activity
Vocab11
productivity
how much work each worker does
Vocab12
gross national product
the total value of all goods and services produced by a nation’s residents during a year, regardless of where production takes place
Vocab13
installment buying
a system of paying for goods in which customers promise to pay small, regular amounts over a period of time
Vocab14
expert
person with advanced knowledge on a particular subject
Vocab15
technique
skillful method
Vocab16
flapper
a young woman of the 1920s who defied conventions in her behavior and dress
Vocab17
mass media
types of communication that reach large numbers of people, such as newspapers, radio, and television
Vocab18
expatriate
a person who gives up his or her home country and chooses to live in another country
Vocab19
Prohibition
the nationwide ban on the manufacture, sale, and transportation of liquor in the United States that went into effect when the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified in 1919
Vocab20
nativism
the belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants
Vocab21
quota system
an arrangement placing a limit on the number of immigrants from each country
Vocab22
evolution
the scientific theory that humans and other living things have evolved over time
Vocab23
device
instrument or piece of equipment
Vocab24
enormous
huge
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