Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 25

Topic:

11.5: The Cerebrum

Essential Question:

1. Explain the functions of the association areas.

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

11.5: The Cerebrum

2

Functions of the CerebrumCerebrum: The largest part of the mature brain consisting of two large masses called cerebral hemispheres

• Controls higher brain function• Interpreting impulses• Initiating voluntary muscular movements• Storing information as memory• Retrieving stored information • Reasoning• Intelligence and personality

Figure 11.15a

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Corpus Callosum: connects cerebral hemispheres

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Sulci (sulk-e)/Sulcus: shallow grooves

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Fissure: Deep grooves

Longitudinal fissure- separates hemispheres

Transverse fissure- separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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Functional Regions of Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex – thin layer of gray matter that constitutes the outermost portion of cerebrum; contains 75% of all neurons in nervous system

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Violet= Cerebral Cortex

Cerebrum 2m3s

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Sensory vs. Association vs. Motor functions of the Cerebrum

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Sensory Areas•Interpret impulses from sensory receptors producing feelings or sensations•Ex: temperature, touch, pressure, and pain

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Association Areas• Regions that are not primary motor or primary sensory areas• Widespread throughout the cerebral cortex• Analyze and interpret sensory experiences• Provide memory, reasoning, verbalization, judgment, emotions

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Motor Areas• Primary motor areas found in the frontal lobe• Axons of motor neurons connect to voluntary muscles• Responsible for fine movements in skeletal muscles, maintain balance/posture

Get out 5 colors

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• You will color code your notes AND your picture

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Lobes of Cerebral Hemispheres

• Frontal• Parietal• Temporal• Occipital• Insula

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Frontal Lobe:

Motor: Controls movements of voluntary skeletal muscles

Broca’s area: coordinates muscular actions mouth/tongue/larynx which makes speech possible

Frontal Eye Field: Controls the voluntary movements of the eyes/eyelids

Association: Carries on higher processes: concentrating, planning, problem solving, judging, consequences, and emotional behavior

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Parietal Lobe:

Association: Understanding speech, using words to express thoughts and feelings, awareness

Sensory: Provides sensations of temperature/touch, pressure and pain involving the skin

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Temporal Lobe:

Association: Interprets sensory experiences, remember visual scenes/music, other complex sensory patterns, understanding speech, and reading.

Sensory: Hearing (receives from both ears)

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Occipital Lobe:

Association: Combine visual images with other sensory patterns/recognition

Sensory: Vision (receives from both eyes)

Cerebral Lobes(3m44s)

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“Other”: Please add notes to your Cerebral Lobes paper in the other section

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Insula:

Association: Believed to be involved in consciousness/ emotion and the body’s regulation of homeostasis

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Wernicke’s Area: The spot where the parietal, temporal, and occipital associations areas join: plays the primary role in complex thought processing

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Other Sensory Areas

• Sensory Area for Taste• near bases of the central

sulci

• Sensory Area for Smell

• arise from centers deep within the cerebrum

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Motor and Sensory Areas

An Experiment: Understanding the Cerebrum

(3m26s)

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Clinical Application 11.4Cerebral Injuries and Abnormalities

1. A person with damage to their association areas may show what types of behaviors?

2. Why can a child possibly develop normally even after brain trauma?

3. Describe a concussion, what damage is done to the brain, and what is the recovery time.

4. What is thought to cause Cerebral palsy?5. Who is most at risk of Cerebral palsy?6. What are some effects seen in a child with Cerebral

palsy?7. What causes a stroke?8. What damage is done to the brain after a stroke?

P.26

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 27

Topic:

11.5 The Cerebrum- Hemisphere Dominance and Memory

Essential Question:

What is a major difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

11.5: The Cerebrum- Hemisphere Dominance and Memory

Pg. 27 Cerebral Hemispheres

Left Side Right Side

Memory

Short-Term Long-Term

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Hemisphere Dominance• The left hemisphere is dominant in most individuals

•Left Brain controls:• speech• writing• reading• verbal skills• analytical skills• computational skills• Logic• Language• Science/Math

•Right Brain controls:• nonverbal tasks• motor tasks• understanding and

interpreting musical and visual patterns

• provides emotional and intuitive thought processes

• Creativity• Art/Music

Hemispheres: Left and Right Brain

(3m 48s)

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Divide pg. 26 into 3 even sections

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Pencils Down…

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You have 30 seconds to study these pictures:

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On the top of pg. 26, list as many of the pictures as you can remember:

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How many did you remember? Total 20 objects

Short Term Memory Test

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Trial #

List the letters you remember:

How many letters did

you remember?

% YouRemembered

# RightTotal #

1

2

3

4

5

6

Short Term Memory Test Link

Middle of 26

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Trial #Total number

of Lettersin the Set

Correct Letters

1 2 U M

2 4 T Z L D

3 6 K X C E J O

4 8 A V C Y I S E H

5 10 L B F Q R P M A U X

6 12 Z Q E C T B U M O N R V

How is your memory for faces?

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http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/facemem.html

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MemoryShort Term• “Working memories”• neurons connected in a

circuit• circuit is stimulated over

and over• when impulse ceases, so

does memory • unless it enters long-

term memory via memory consolidation

Long Term• changes structure or

function of neurons• enhances synaptic

transmission

TED Talks:How Your Working Memory

Makes Sense of the WorldPeter Doolittle

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9m29s

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Basal NucleiBasal Nuclei:•Masses of gray matter• Deep within cerebral hemispheres•produce dopamine• control certain muscular activities

• primarily by facilitating voluntary movement

Parkinson’s Disease: degeneration neurons in the basal nuclei

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Work on:

•Notebook Check• Brian Quiz Practice

Both on Wed 2/12