Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 87

Topic:

15.1 Structure of the Heart

Essential Questions:

NO EQ

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

15.1 The Cardiovascular System

Introduction to the Circulatory System 1m22s

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Chapter 15Cardiovascular System

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• The cardiovascular system: system made up of arteries, veins, capillaries, heart, and blood

• The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood through the cardiovascular system

• pumps 7,000 liters of blood through the body each day

• Contracts about 2.5 billion times in the average lifetime

Blood Circulation 2m51s

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Size of Heart Average Size of Heart:

• 14 cm long• 9 cm wide

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Location of HeartLocation of Heart:

• posterior to sternum• medial to lungs• anterior to vertebral column• lies upon diaphragm

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Blood VesselsPg. 86

Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins

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Blood Vessels• arteries

• carry blood away from ventricles of heart• under high pressure• Subdivide into smaller tubes and eventually become areterioles

• arterioles (ar-tear-e-als)• receive blood from arteries • controls blood flow• carry blood to capillaries• Changes in the diameter of arteries and arterioles greatly influence

blood flow and blood pressure

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Blood Vessels•capillaries

• smallest blood vessels• Connect the smallest arterioles and the smallest venules• Semipermeable (allow materials in and out)• sites of exchange of substances between blood and body cells

(ie. Nutrients, gases, waste)

• venules (ven-ules)• receive blood from capillaries

• veins• carry blood toward ventricle of heart• carries blood under low pressure• Can function as “blood reservoirs” in times of blood loss. They

will help maintain blood pressure by returning more blood to the heart

15.2 Clinical ApplicationBlood Vessel Disorders

1. Describe the arterial disease atherosclerosis. Why are they dangerous?

2. What are 5 risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

3. What are some causes of an aneurysm?

4. What may happen if a person gets an aneurysm?

5. What is a pulmonary embolism?

6. What are varicose veins? How does someone get them?11

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15.2 Clinical ApplicationBlood Vessel Disorders

1. Describe the arterial disease atherosclerosis. Why are they dangerous?

Deposits of fatty materials, particularly cholesterol, form within the inner lining of the arterial walls. These deposits are called plaque, and interfere with blood flow.

2. What are 5 risk factors for developing atherosclerosis?

A fatty diet, elevated blood pressure, smoking, obesity, lack of exercise.

3. What are some causes of an aneurysm?

Atherosclerosis, trauma, high blood pressure, infections, inherited disorders, or defects in blood vessels.

4. What may happen if a person gets an aneurysm?

It may cause symptoms by pressing on nearby organs, or it may rupture and produce a great loss of blood.

5. What is a pulmonary embolism?

When a blood clot forms in a deep vein detaches and lodges in the pulmonary arterial system within a lung (may lead to death)

6. What are varicose veins? How does someone get them?

Irregular dilation in superficial veins, prolonged back pressure, heredity, pregnancy, obesity and standing for long periods of time.

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