spontaneous generation
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Spontaneous Generation. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Spontaneous Generation From the time of the ancient Romans, through the Middle
Ages, and until the late nineteenth century, it was generally accepted that some life forms arose spontaneously from non-living matter. Such "spontaneous generation" appeared to occur primarily in decaying matter. For example, a seventeenth century recipe for the spontaneous production of mice required placing sweaty underwear and husks of wheat in an open-mouthed jar, then waiting for about 21 days, during which time it was alleged that the sweat from the underwear would penetrate the husks of wheat, changing them into mice. Although such a concept may seem laughable today, it is consistent with the other widely held cultural and religious beliefs of the time
Redi & Pasteur The studies of Redi and Pasteur
disproved the idea of Spontaneous Generation.
Robert Hooke Robert Hooke (1635-1703) Observed
cork through a microscope lens and noticed cells. He thought they served as containers for the fibrous threads once-living cork tree. He thought it only existed in plants.
Leeuwenhoek 1632-1723 Made some of first
microscopes Works included: 1674 Observed pond water and saw
alga and protozoa. He wrote extensive accounts of the
mouthparts and stings of bees.!
Schleiden Schleiden: 1804 - 1881studied mostly
plants , believed they all contained cells. He also recognized the importance of the cell nucleus, discovered in 1831 by the Scottish botanist Robert Brown, and sensed its connection with cell division. Schleiden was one of the first German biologists to accept Darwin’s theory of evolution. He became professor of botany
Schwann 1810-1882 He observed animal cells
and tissues and said all animals are made of cells. He showed that yeast were tiny plant-like organisms
Virchow 1821-1902 His work supported ideas of cell division and metabolism.
Cell Theory
Linnaeus Classification 18th Century, organisms are placed into
groups with similar structures and development.
Binomial Nomenclature Two part naming system. (Latin) Genus + Species Species = an organism that can mate
and produce fertile offspring.
Phylogenic Tree
Three Domain System Archaea Domain
•Archaebacteria Kingdom
Bacteria Domain
•Eubacteria Kingdom
Eukarya Domain
•Protista Kingdom
•Fungi Kingdom
•Plantae Kingdom
•Animalia Kingdom
Needs of Living Energy waterliving spacestable internal conditions** Oxygen : not all
Characteristics Of Living
Non – Living
Photosynthesis Producers use chlorophyll and other
pigments that capture light which powers the reaction. Extra starches are stored.
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration Carbohydrates are used for growth, maintenance, and
reproduction. Consumers, Chemical reactions occur that break
down food into simpler substances and release energy, enzymes are needed.
This process begins in the cytoplasm where CHO is broken down to glucose and other products, energy is released.
The products enter the mitochondria and more energy is released as well as CO₂ and H₂O.
Reverse Reactions
Fermentation When cells don’t have enough O for
cellular respirations. Some store energy is released from stored energy.
Fermentation begins in the cytoplasm and energy is released but doesn’t move to the mitochondria. More reactions then occur in the cytoplasm which releases more energy and waste products of lactic acid or alcohol and CO₂.